初三英语单元重点解Unit12.doc

新目标初三英语单元重点讲解Unit12Youresupposedtoshakehands重难点解析重点词和短语：1.besupposedtodosth.应该做某事2.shakehandswithsb.和某人握手3.forthefirsttime第一次4.bowtosb.向某人鞠躬5.shouldhavedonesth.过去应该做某事(但实际未做)【即学即用】You_whatyourteachersaidyesterday,butyoudidnt.A.shouldrememberB.shouldhaverememberedC.wouldremember6.beimportanttosb.对某人重要7.berelaxedaboutsth.对放松8.dropby顺便拜访visitsb.拜访9.afterall毕竟10.makeplanstodosth. = plan to do.制定计划做某事11.withoutdoingsth.没有做某事12.Thefirstthingistogreettheteacher.第一件事是问候老师.13.table/good/badmanners餐桌礼仪/有礼貌/不礼貌14.with your hands用手atthetable/attable在桌旁/在进餐15.pickupyourbowl端起你的饭碗pick up“捡起，拾起”， 代词放在中间：pick it/them up【即学即用】Myfriendsfatherquickly_somerubbishandwentoutside.A.pickupB.pickedupC.pickoutD.pickedout16.start doing sth.开始干某事，同义词：begin doing sth.pointat/to指向17.thereisnoreasontodosth.没有理由做某事18.gooutofoneswaytodosth.特地做某事19.makesb.feelathome使某人感到不拘束20.bedifferentfrom与不同21.makeatoast敬酒22.olderpeople长辈23.givecompliments称赞24.makeappointments约会25.behavedifferently表现不同26.beginwith从开始27.notbut不是，而是28.Questionscrowdedmymind.我满脑子都是疑问。29.e-mailEnglish电子英语邮件spoken/writtenEnglish英语口语/书面英语30.e-mailchatline网上聊天热线31.haveonlineconversationswithfriends和朋友上网聊天32.getbored感到烦恼33.showtheemotionyouarefeeling把你正感觉着的感情表现出来34.combinesth.tosth.把sth.和sth.结合35.cantstopdoingsth.忍不住做某事36.learnbyoneself/teachoneself自学【即学即用】Whotaught_French?Nobody.Shelearnedallby_.A.herself;herB.she;herselfC.her;herselfD.her;she37.atthepropertime在适当的时候38.sendamessagetosb.onamobilephone用手机发短信息给某人39.bepleasedwith对满意重点、难点、考点及疑点注释Section A1. be supposed to do sth.被期望做某事，应该做某事否定式：be not supposed to do sth.不应该做某事表示应该的词有：should, ought toWeresupposedtomakenonoiseinclass.在课堂上我们不该发出噪音。He is supposed _ (ask) what to do.2.In your country,what are you supposed to do when you meet someone for the first time?在你们国家，你第一次遇见一个人应该干什么？for the first time第一次， 注意for的用法:第几次前要用for。如：for the second time, for the last time。3.You should have asked what you were supposed to wear.你本应该问清楚怎么样穿才得体。中的“should have asked”是 “情态动词现在完成时”表示过去本应该做某事，事实上没有做如：She _to Beijing. 她本应该去了北京。（没有去）3. Where Im from,were pretty relaxed about time.我来的地方，对于时间相当宽松。Where Im from我来的地方，where在这里是名词，“地方”。adv. 相当,很very,修饰adj.&adv.She is _. 她相当友好。 adj. 美丽的,修饰n. She is a _.她是一个美丽的女孩。relaxed“轻松，放松”，另外一个形容词为relaxing,对于二者应注意区别：relaxed一般修饰人，relaxing一般修饰物。其动词为relax,名词为relaxation。He is pretty _ when he is having a _ vacation.(relax)be relaxed about sth.对某事随意They_他们对时间很随意。4.Spendingtimewithfamilyandfriendsisveryimportanttous.与家人和朋友共度时光对我们来说非常重要。（SectionA,3a）Spendingtimewithfamilyandfriends是动名词短语，在本句中作主语。动名词（短语）作主语时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。如果是并列的动名词（短语）作主句时，谓语动词用复数形式。Readinginbedisnotgoodforyoureyes.在床上看书对你的眼睛不好。Readingandwritingtakemealotoftime.读书写作花了我不少时间。be important to sb.对某人来说是很重要的。5. We often just drop by our friends homes.我们经常拜访我们朋友的家。drop by拜访our friends homes名词所有格如：Lucys house,the window of the house,a friend of mine.This is _ _ _ _ _ _(小明和小刚的房间).6. We dont usually have to make plans to meet our friends.我们不用经常制订计划来会见我们的朋友。have to不得不 make plans制定计划7. Also,we never visit a friends house without calling first.同样， 我们绝不事先没有打电话就去拜访朋友。without介词，“没有”，后跟动名词，其反义词为with。例题探究:He left without _ (say) a word.他一句话没说就走了。8.Often we just walk around the town center, seeing as many of our friends as we can!经常我们只是到市中心四处走走，同时见见我们的朋友。walk around四处走走seeing在这里是现在分词作伴随状语as.as one can“尽可能的”，同义词相当于：do what one can。例题探究:He runs _ _ _ _ (尽快地跑).9.Werethelandofwatches,afterall!毕竟我们这里是手表王国。after all 毕竟终究You see I was right _.你看，毕竟还是我对了。句中的land意为“国土”，“国家”。它还可以表示“陆地”；也可表示“土地”，可耕种的田地就叫做land。Wetraveledbylanduntilwereachedthesea.我们沿陆路旅行，直到看见大海。Allthewastelandinthisareahasbeenopenedup.这个地区的荒地全被开垦了。知识拓展：与“土地”，“地”相关的词语还有earth,soil和ground。earth意为“地”，“地球”，“泥土”。它着重指“大地”，区别于“天空”。soil意为“土地”，“土壤”，尤指生长植物的土地。ground意为“地”，“地面”，主要指大地表面。不论是泥地，沙地或水泥地，均可用这个词表示；也可以用来指运动场地。10. We usually plan to do something interesting,or go somewhere together.我们经常计划去做有趣的事情，或者一起去某个地方。plan to do sth.计划干某事something interesting有趣的事情（注意形容词修饰合成不定代词，形容词要后置）go somewhere去某个地方11. Well,they have pretty relaxed rules.嗯，他们有相当宽松的规则。Like what? 例如？Well,its OK if youre not on time. 如果你不按时是可以的。have pretty relaxed rules有相当宽松的规定， rule有规则、法规、规定、制度等。on time按时、准时，in time及时12. A:Can you tell me the things Im supposed to do? 你能告诉我应该干的事情吗？B:The first thing is to greet the teacher.第一件事情就是问候老师。things Im supposed to do我应该干的事情。Im supposed to do作things定语。to greet.是动词不定式作表语。My wish is to become a teacher.SectionB1. In Brazil,you should wipe your mouth with your napkin every time you take a drink.在巴西，你应该在每次你喝酒时用餐巾纸擦嘴。With: 介词，“用，使用”，wipe your mouth擦嘴 with your napkin用餐巾纸Every time you take a drink是一个时间状语从句。every time每次，引导时间状语从句，类似的短语有：each time, the first time, the last time, next time等2.Yourenotsupposeda.to make noise while eating noodles.吃面条时发出声音。b.to stickyour chopsticks into your food.把你的筷子插进你的饭里。c. point at anyone with your chopsticks.用你的筷子指别人。d.eat or drink while walking down the street.（SectionB,2b）当吃面条的时候发出声音。make noise出声， while当时候。句中的whileeatingnoodles是while接从句的省略形式，该句的完整形式是whileyouareeatingnoodles。由while和when引导的时间状语从句，如果主语和主句的主语相同，从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。While/When(shewas)leavingthehouse,shewasheardtomakesomecommonplaceremarktoherhusb.and.有人听到她在离开房间时同他的丈夫寒暄。o.把插进里用你的筷子指人， point at“指，指近距离”，point to “指向，指远距离”。walk down沿着走。注意：想一下while后如果跟动词，动词要用什么形式。3.Itsrudetopointatanyonewithyourchopsticks.用筷子指着别人是不礼貌的。（SectionB,2b）本句是主系表结构，不定式短语是真正的主语，it是形式主语。be+adj.+to do sth.干是be rude to do sth.干是粗鲁的be interesting to do sth.干是有趣的句中的point意为“指”，“指向”，常构成短语pointat,pointto和pointout。pointto=pointat “指着”Theteacheris_themaponthewall.老师指着墙上的地图。但主语是事物时，一般用pointto作谓语。pointat可以分开使用，即point后直接跟名词或代词作宾语，再跟介词at表示方向，意为“把指向”，而pointto却不能分开使用。Thesoldier_thedoctor.士兵用枪指着医生。pointout意为“指出”，是“动词+副词”结构，如果它后面的宾语是代词，则必须把该宾语放在out之前。Please_themistakesinmycomposition.请指出我作文中的错误。Luckily themanknewMrGreenandpointedhimouttous.幸好这个人认识格林先生，于是便把他指给我们看。【即学即用】Theenemypointed_himwithagun,buthewasntafraid.A.atB.inC.onD.towardsItsnotpoliteto_people.A.hangoutB.dropbyC.pickupD.pointto4. Thanks for your message.谢谢你的信息。thanks for为而谢， 后跟动名词、名词或代词宾格。Thanks for your _ (invite).And thanks for _ (have) me.5. Im having a great time on my exchange program in France.我在法国的交换项目中过得相当愉快.have a great time=have great fun=enjoy oneself very much过得相当愉快on ones exchange program进行交换项目6. Its even better than I thought it would be.它比我原先考虑的甚至还要好。than I thought it would be本句是由than引导的方式状语从句，句中含有宾语从句(it would be)，thought “原以为”,think的过去式，因此从句也用了过去将来时态:would/should=+V原even better “甚至更好”，even来修饰比较级表示程度。你记得还有哪些单词来修饰比较级吗？(much,a lot,a little,a bit,still,far等)7. They go out of their way to make me feel at home.他们费尽心思让我感到自由自在。go out of their way费尽心思feel at home自由自在，无拘束，舒松8.And you wouldnt believe how quickly my French has improved!你不会相信我的法语进步得多快。how quickly my French has improved.是感叹句，作believe的宾语。感叹句型有两种：What+(a/an)+adj.+n+主谓!How+adj./adv.+主谓！What a beautiful girl she is!How quickly he runs.9. My biggest challenge is learning how to behave at the dinner table.对我来说，最大的挑战是学好餐桌礼仪。动名词短词learning how to behave at the dinner table.在句中作表语。My hobby is_.我的爱好是集邮。how to behave是“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语，它相当于由特殊疑问句引导的宾语从句。She didnt know which pen _ _ _.=She didnt know which pen _ _.她不知买哪一支笔。10.AlthoughIstillmakelotsofmistakes,itdoesntbothermelikeitusedto.虽然我还是出了不少错，但它（法语）不像以前那样让我烦恼（SectionB,3a）mistake意为“错误”，“过失”，可数n, make mistakes 犯错误（复数）make a mistake 犯错误（一个）Anyonecanmakeamistake.人人都会犯错误。Heonlymade_grammartoday.他今天只犯了两个语法错误。bother意思是“烦扰，打扰”，常用作及物动词。Hotweatherbothersme.炎热的天气使我烦恼。Use to 过去常常11. I have to say,I find it difficult to 形式宾语 真正宾语remember everything,but Im gradually getting used to things,and dont find them so strange any more.我得说，我发现每件事情都记住很难，但我渐渐地习惯了这些事情，并且不再觉得奇怪了。find it difficult to do sth.发现干某事困难。常见的形式宾语有：find / think + it/them +形容词 to do sth. 如： I think it hard to study English.get used to sth.=get used to sth.习惯于干某事，后跟名词或动名词。例题探究:(1)I find it interesting _ (study) English.我发现学英语很有趣。(2)He is getting used to _ (live) on the fifth floor.12.Here are some things you need to know about the table manners when you visit Japan.这是一些你访问日本时需要了解的关于餐桌礼仪方面的事情。划线部分是一个定语从句，修饰some things.Self check & Reading1. And I had,not just one set to use, but two or three of each.并且我必须，不仅使用一套，而且是每顿饭用两三套刀叉。not.but“不仅而且”，相当于：not only.but also.each:“每一个”，强调个别。作主语时，谓语V用单数。Each可指两个或以上的人或事物。Each of us _a yellow T-shirt.我们每个人都穿着一件黄色的T恤衫。There are trees on each side of the road.2. Was I supposed to begin with the largest ones or the smallest?我应该从最大的开始还是最小的开始？begin with=start with以 开始反义end up with以.结束Ones作代词，代替上文提到的餐具。为避免重复，英语中用one/ones代替n，单数n用one代替，复数n用ones代替。拓展：it,one that作代词时的区别it:特指上文提到的同一事物The book is mine. It is very interesting.one: 泛指上文提及的同类事物中的一个（同类而不是同一个）“Who has a pen?”, “I have one.”that: 常用于比较结构中，代替前面提到的单数或不可数n。The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Hong Kong in winter.在冬季，北京的天气比香港的天气冷。3. E-mail English is a new kind of written English that is being used to save time. (Reading)电邮英语是一种新型的正被用于节省时间的书面英语。a new kind of一种新型的written English书面英语，而spoken English是口语英语。that is being used to save time正被用于节省时间。含有现在进行时态的被动语态的定语从句，修饰English，引导词that在句中作主语，不能省略。be used for doing意为“正被用于干”, be used to doing“习惯于干”，used to do“过去常干”。 save time节省时间Computers _ _ _ _ work now.电脑现在正被用来工作。4. When you write e-mail English you do not need to use punctuation marks only in the traditional way.当你写由邮英语的时候你不必仅仅用传统的方式来使用标点符号。标点符号用传统的方式5.The most common one is the happy faceit looks like this:)and it is made with a colon and a right bracket beside it.最普通的一个就是笑脸-它看起来像这样：），并且它是由一个冒号和旁边一个右括号构成的。最普通的，是common的最高级。一个右括号，a left bracket一个左括号。6. This is because they come from a computer program called ICQ, which means I seek you.这是因为它们来源于一个名叫“网际呼叫器”的电脑程序，它的意思就是我要找到你。This is because+从句,意为“这是因为.”, because 引导的是表语从句(be/系动词后一般视为表语)。This is because he isnt here.which means I seek you是一个非限制性定语从句，用来修饰ICQ, which既是引导词，又在句中充当主语。He has a pen pal, which is from Japan.拓展：非限制性定语从句-在句中起补充说明的作用，省去后不影响句子的意思，常用逗号与主句分开，翻译时常译成并列分句；而限制性定语从句却不可省去，若省去则会对主句的意义产生影响。I have a good friend, who studies in No.1 Middle Schoo.我有一个好朋友，她在第一中学读书。（非限制性定语从句）I have a good friend who studies in No.1 Middle Schoo.我有一个在第一中学读书的好朋友.( 限制性定语从句)7. You can learn it easily by yourselves,and experiment with your own ideas.你能够很容易的自学，并且用你自己的观点来进行实验。learn.by oneself=teach oneselfI learn English by myself.=I teach myself English.我自学英语。用来做实验 e.g.We experiment with the clay. 我们用泥巴做实验。8.yourteacherswillnotbepleasedifyouwritee-mailEnglishinatest!如果你在测试中用电子邮件英语，老师会不高兴的。（Reading）这里是if引导的条件状语从句。若主句为将来时或祈使句，则以if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时态。please“使高兴”，相关词语有pleased,pleasure与pleasant。Doestheclothpleaseyou?这布料合你的意吗？TheEmperorwaspleasedbywhattheMinistertoldhimaboutthecloth.听了大臣关于布料的禀报，皇帝非常高兴。【友情链接】这四个词都有“满意”，“高兴”的意思，但词性和用法不相同。please是动词，可用作及物动词或不及物动词，表示“（使）高兴，满意，愉快”。pleased是过去分词，意为“感到高兴（满意）”，其作用相当于形容词，常与be连用，后接介词at,with,by等引起的短语，还可接动词不定式或that从句。pleasure是名词，表示“高兴”，“快乐”，“娱乐”时，为不可数名词；表示“乐趣，高兴的事”时，为可数名词。如：Itisoneofmygreatestpleasures.它是我最大的乐趣之一。pleasant是形容词，意为“使人感到愉快（满意）”，一般用作定语。如主语指物，也可用作表语。课堂练习besupposedtodo句型大练兵besupposedtodo常用来表示被要求、希望做某事，含有必须、应该或理应做某事的意义，常意为“理应；被期望”，相当于should。besupposedtodo时态、人称和数的变化在动词be上体现，to为动词不定式符号，后面接动词原形。【典型例题】否定句练兵Youaresupposedtotellherthisbadnews.（改为否定句）You_tellherthisbadnews.【融会贯通】besupposedtodo的否定句式，即在be动词后加not。此时相当于shouldnot或benotallowedtodo，意为“不应当做；不被许可做”。疑问句练兵1.Heissupposedtogetthereatsixoclock.（改为一般疑问句）_he_getthereatsixoclock?2.Billissupposedtocallhisfatherassoonaspossible.（对划线部分提问）_Bill_assoonaspossible?同义句练兵Parentsshouldlettheirchildrenknowsomegoodmanners.（改为同义句）Parents_lettheirchildrenknowsomegoodmanners.主动句练兵MrWangissupposedtobethebestteacherinourschool.（改为主动语态）We_MrWang_thebestteacherinourschool.【融会贯通】sb./sth.besupposedtobe其主动形式为“supposesb./sth.tobe形容词/名词”，意思是“认为某人/某事”。中考聚焦考点1.besupposedtodoYou_asktheteacherifyouwanttoleavetheclassroom.（2007广东）A.supposedthatB.aresupposedtoC.arewanted人们初次见面时应该握手。（2007山东烟台）Peopleare_whentheymeetforthefirsttime.【要点简析】besupposedtodo意为“理应/被期望/应该做”。shakehands为固定短语，意为“握手”。选B。填写：supposedtoshakehands。考点2.区别usedto与be/getusedtoget/be used to sth/ doing 习惯于(to为介词，后面接v-ing形式、名词、代词)be used to do 被用于做be used for doing被用于做used to do 过去常常做如： I wash clothes everyday. But Im used to it.我每天都洗衣服，但我习惯了I am used to washing clothes. 我习惯于洗衣服了。 The knives are used to cu