Half-a-Day-课文讲解.docx

Half a DayNaguibMahfousAbout the AuthorName: NaguibMahfous纳吉布马哈福兹Nationality:EgyptianDates: From Dec.1911 to Aug. 2006Birthplace:an old quarter of CairoEducation: studied philosophyat auniversity of Cairo, graduating in 1934.Job: in university administration as a civil servantas a journalist（记者）Influence: 1st Arab to win the Nobel Prize for literature in 1988described as a Dickens of the Cairo cafs and the Balzac of Egypt.Half of his novels have been made into filmsAbout the AuthorWorks: no fewer than 30 novels, more than 100 short stories, and more than 200 articlesl the Cairo Trilogy in 1957l Children of Gebelawiin 1959 (Prize novel for the reason that who, through works rich in nuance - now clear-sightedly realistic, now evocatively ambiguous - has formed an Arabian narrative art that applies to all mankind(他通过大量刻画入微的作品洞察一切的现实主义，唤起人们树立雄心形成了全人类所欣赏的阿拉伯语言艺术)l the Thief and the Dogsin 1961小偷与狗l Small Talk on the Nile in 1966尼罗河上的絮语About the Half a Dayl First published in Arabic in 1989as part of a short story collection entitled The False Dawn. l Included in an English-language collection entitled The Time and the Placein 1991.l Belongs to his later phase and characterized by a shift from social realism to a more modern, experimental mode of writing.l An allegorical taleimplicates a commentary on the human condition; an entire life span is experienced as only half a day in the school of life and also alludes to the cycle of life, whereby the narrator passes through childhood, middle age and old age in the course of one day.l Uses a strategy commonly used in fiction writing the protagonist returns after being absent for a short time to find everything changed beyond recognition. The best example is Rip Van Winkle, a short story by American writer, Washington Irving.l This technique is often used to emphasize rapid changes in society.helplessThree Partsl Para. 1-7: the boys reluctance to go to school His misgivings about schooll Para. 8-16: the Boys life at school:Rich and colorful, Requiring discipline and hard workl Para. 17-20: at the end of school day:Everything has changed!Structurel Plot故事情节: a little boys first time to go to schooll Setting背景: on the way to schoolat schoolon the way homel Protagonist/Narrator主人公/讲述人: “I”the boy in the storyl Theme of the story主题: rapid changes in societyDetailed Analysispara1S1-I walked alongside my father, clutching his right hand. 1. Whats the function of the ing form clutching his right hand?2. Who clutched his right hand?3. Can you find some other ing form in this passagewhose function is the same as clutching his right hand?S2-All my clothes were new: the black shoes, the green school uniform, and the red cap. S3-They did not make me happy, however, as this was the day I was to be thrown into school for the first time.1. What doesTheyrefer to?2. What is the function of the clause I was to be thrown into school for the first time?the minute/moment (that). as soon as. 一.就.: I want to see him the minute (that) he arrives. 他一来到我就要见他.3. Can you identify the sentence type? Simple sentence, Compound sentence Complex sentence or Compound-complex sentence4. Whats the part of speech of however?Detailed Analysispara2S1-My mother stood at the window watching our progress, and I turned towards her from time to time, hoping she would help. 1. Can you identify the sentence type?2. Can you find the logical subject of the presentparticiple phrases watching our progressand hoping she would help?3. What do you get from the phrase hoping she would help?4. What does watching our progressmean?Detailed Analysispara2S2-We walked along a street lined with gardens and fields planted with crops, pears, and date palms.1. Whats the function of lined with gardens and planted with crops?2. Can you put in the omitted parts of lined withgardens and planted with crops?3. Can you find some more in this passage?Detailed Analysispara2S2-We walked along a street lined with gardens, and fields planted with crops: pears, and date palms.Detailed Analysispara2S2-We walked along a street lined with gardens, and fields planted with crops: pears, and date palms.3. From above, can you summarize the similaritiesof all these sentences?Detailed Analysispara3S1-Why school? I asked my father. What have I done?”1. Whats the feeling of the boy?2. Whats the elliptical sentence?3. What is the rhetorical question?Summarypara1-3What do you get from these paragraphs?l The boys feelingHelplessnew clothes did not make me happyThrown into schoolFrom time to timeHoping she would help Why school? What have I done?Detailed Analysispara4S3-Its a place that makes useful men out of boys. 1. make(out) of sb/sth: cause sb/sth to be or become sth使某人某事物处於某状况或变成某事物:使其成为争论之点. Eg.Well make a footballer of him yet. 我们还是要把他造就成优秀的足球运动员Dont make a habit of it/Dont make it a habit. 不要养成那样的习惯. 2. What is the function of that makes useful men out of boys? Can you find some more in this passage?3. Can you identify the sentence type?Detailed Analysispara5S2-I did not believe there was really any good to be had in tearing me away from my home and throwing me into the huge, high-walled building.1. It is no good/use doing sth. Or There is no good to be had in doing sth.: It is not useful to do做没有什么用处eg. Its no good crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收Its no use talking to him2. tear oneself/sb. away from .: leave sb/sth reluctantly 勉强使离开，忍痛舍去Eg.Do tear yourself away from the television and come out for a walk. 你别舍不得离开电视了, 出去散散步吧.The young artist couldnt tear himself away from da Vincis Mona Lisa. He couldnt tear himself away from the book.3. Can you identify the sentence type?Detailed Analysispara6S1-When we arrived at the gate we could see the courtyard, vast and full of boys and girls. 1. Whats the function of the adjective phrase vast and full of boys and girls?2. Can you put in the omitted parts of this phrase?3. Can you identify the sentence type?Detailed Analysispara7S1-I hesitated and clung to his hand, but he gently pushed me from him. 1. Can you identify the sentence type?2. Whats the base/original form ofclung? Fling: 扔, 抛, 掷Sting: 蜇（伤）, 刺（伤）（某人）String: 装弦, 用线或细绳将穿起来Swing: 摆动, 摇摆S2-“Be a man,” he said. 1. What does manmean here?S3-You will find me waiting for you when its time to leave. 1. Whats the function of waiting for you?2. Can you tell the difference between object complement and present participle as adverbial?Can you tell the difference between object complement and direct object?3. Can you identify the sentence type?4. Complete the Ex6 on page 14.Detailed Analysispara8I took a few steps. Then the faces of the boys and girls came into view. I did not know a single one of them, and none of them knew me. I felt Iwas a stranger who had lost his way. But then some boys began to glance at me in curiosity, and one of them came over and asked, Who brought you?Detailed Analysispara11S1-I did not know what to say. 1. question word + to do sthS2-The gate was now closed. 1. Whats the function ofclosed? Is it a past participle as adjective or a past participle to form a passive voice?Detailed Analysispara11S3-Some of the children burst into tears. burst into: send out or produce sth suddenly and violently 突然而猛烈地发出或产生出某事物eg. The aircraft crashed and burst into flames. 飞机坠毁起火. burst into tears, song, angry speech突然哭唱吵起来trees bursting into leaf/ bloom/ blossom/ flower 长出新叶开花的树木burst outl speak suddenly and with feeling; exclaim 突然激动地说; 叫嚷: Eg.I hate you! she burst out. 我讨厌你! 她叫嚷道. l (with the -ing form 与-ing连用) suddenly begin (doing sth) 突然开始（做某事）: Eg.burst out crying/laughing/singing 突然哭起来笑起来/唱起来.*Allow doing sth allow sb to do sthDetailed Analysispara11S5-A lady came along, followed by a group of men. 1. Whats the function of followed by a group of men?S6-The men began sorting us into ranks. 1. sort: sth (out) (into sth); sth (out) from stharrange things in groups; separate things of one type, class, etc from things of other types, etc 将事物分类; 整理: Eg. He was sorting his foreign stamps into piles. 他正在整理外国邮票, 都分成一摞一摞的. We must sort out the good apples from the bad. 咱们得把好苹果拣出来, 同坏的分开.2. Can you list some verbs which should be followed by doing sth or by to do sth or both?agreeappearattempttendchoosedecidedeserveexpectofferhopeintendlearnmanagerefusepromiseplanpreparepretendwantneedbegincontinueliketryforgetThe following verbs take a gerund.admit advise* allow* appreciate avoid consider delay deny discuss dislike enjoy escape excuse finish forbid* imagine include keep (on) mind miss permit* postpone practice quitrecommendresentresist risk stand stop suggestDetailed Analysispara11S7-We were formed into an intricate pattern in the great courtyard surrounded by high buildings; from each floor we were overlooked by a long balcony roofed in wood.1. Can you identify the sentence type? Why?2. Whats the function of the past participle phrasessurrounded by high buildingsand roofed in wood?Detailed Analysispara13S1-Well, it seemed that my misgivings had had no basis. 1. Whats the function of the clause that mymisgivings had had no basis?2. Why the author use the two different tenses?3. What does the author convey to the reader?S2-From the first moments I made many friends and fell in love with many girls. 1. What does the author convey to the reader?S3-I had never imagined school would have this rich variety of experiences.1. How can you explain the two different tenses?2. What are the experiences?Detailed Analysispara14S2-In the music room we sang our first songs.1. Whats the base/original form of sang?Bgin, drink, ring, swim, spring*shrink收缩; 萎缩shrank, shrunk/shrunken (定语)*sink下沉sank, sunk/sunken(定语)*spin旋转spun/span(古语), spunS4-We saw a globe of the Earth, which revolved and showed the various continents and countries. 1. Whats the function of the clause which revolvedand showed the various continents and countries?S5-We started learning numbers, and we were told the story of the Creator of the universe. 1. What does the Creatormeans?2. Can you identify the sentence type? Why?Detailed Analysispara14S6-We ate delicious food, took a little nap, and woke up to go on with friendship and love, playing and learning.1. Can you identify the sentence type? Why?2. Whats the function of the phrase playing and learning?3. Whats the function of the infinitive phrase to go on with friendship and love?4. Whats the difference between the result infinitive and purpose infinitive?Detailed Analysispara15S1-Our path, however, was not totally sweet and unclouded. 1. Whats part of speech of however?S2-We had to be observant and patient. 1.observantl quick at noticing things 善於观察的; 机警的; 注意的: eg. An observant shop assistant had remembered exactly what the man was wearing. 有个机警的店员准确记得那个男子的穿着. Journalists are trained to be observant. 新闻记者都要训练成有敏锐观察力的人. l (fml文) careful to obey laws, customs, traditions, etc（对法律习俗传统等）谨慎遵守的: Eg. observant of the rules 遵守规则.Detailed Analysispara15S3-It was not all a matter of playing and fooling around. 1. a matter of: situation, question or issue that depends on sth else 取决於某事的情况问题或事情: Eg. Dealing with these problems is all a matter of experience. 处理这些问题全凭经验. Success in business is simply a matter of knowing when to take a chance. 商业上的成功就在於把握时机.2. fool around/about: l behave stupidly or foolishly 干蠢事: eg. Stop fooling about with that knife or someone will get hurt. 不要摆弄那把刀, 会伤人的. l waste time; be idle 虚度光阴; 胡混: eg. I was meant to be working on Sunday, but I just fooled around all day. 星期日我本应工作的, 但却闲混了一整天.3. Whats the part of speech of the word all?Detailed Analysispara15S4-Rivalries could bring about pain and hatred or give rise to fighting. 1. bring about: cause sth to happen 使（某事物）发生; 导致: Eg.bring about reforms, a war, sbs ruin 导致改革战争某人的毁灭The Liberals wish to bring about changes in the electoral system. 自由党人想要改变选举制度.2. give rise to sth: (fml文) cause sth引起导致某事物: Eg. Her disappearance gave rise to the wildest rumours. 她失踪一事引起了各种流言蜚语.3. What does Rivalries means?S5-And while the lady would sometimes smile, she would often yell and scold. 1. Whats the part of speech of while?2. What does would mean?Detailed Analysispara15S6-Even more frequently she would resort to physical punishment.1.resort to sth: make use of sth for help; adopt sth as an expedient 求助於或诉诸某事物; 采取某手段或方法应急或作为对策: eg. If negotiations fail we shall have to resort to strike action. 假若谈判失败, 我们就采取罢工行动. resort to violence, deception, trickery, etc靠暴力欺骗欺诈等.2. What does physical punishment means?Detailed Analysispara16S1-In addition, the time for changing ones mind was over and gone and there was no question of ever returning to the paradise of home. 1. there is some/no question of sth happening/sbdoing sth there is a/no possibility of 有没有.的可能性: eg. There was some question of selling thebusiness. 有可能将公司转让. There will be no question of anyone being made redundant(多余的, 被解雇的, 失业的). 决不可能裁掉任何人2. the paradise of home: metaphor3. Whats metaphor and whats difference between metaphor and simile?Detailed Analysispara16S2-Nothing lay ahead of us but exertion, struggle, and perseverance. 1. Whats the part of speech of but?2. but(used after the negatives nobody, none, nowhere, etc, the question words who, where, etc, and also all, everyone, anyone, etc 用於否定词nobodynonenowhere等和疑问词whowhere等之後, 以及 all everyoneanyone等之後) except (sb/sth); apart from; other than 除（某人某事物）以外; 此外; 不同於: Eg. Everyone was there but him. 除了他之外, 所有的人都在. Nobody but you could be so selfish. 除了你之外, 谁也不会这样自私. Nothing but trouble will come of this plan. 这个计划只能带来麻烦.Right now he thinks about nothing but his research.She ate nothing but an apple for lunch.Detailed Analysispara16S3-Those who were able took advantage of the opportunities for success and happiness that presented themselves.1. Can you analyze the sentence structure?2. take advantage ofl make use of sth well, properly, etc充分利用: eg. They took full advantage of the hotels facilities.他们充分利用旅馆设备. l make use of sb/sth unfairly or deceitfully to get what one wants利用sb或sth: eg. Hes using his charm to try to take advantage of her.他用魅力企图占她的便宜.3. presentl present onself for sth (of a person) appear or attend （指人）出现, 出席: eg. You will be asked to present yourself for interview. 要求你到场面试. I have to present myself in court on 20 May. 我须於5月20日出庭.l present itself to sb(of an opportunity, a solution, etc) show itself (to sb); occur（指机会解决办法等）（对某人）显露, 产生: eg. A wonderful opportunity suddenly presented itself. 突然有了个绝妙的机会. The answer presented itself to him when he looked at the problem again. 那问题他一再考虑, 答案就在眼前.Detailed Analysispara17S1-The bell rang, announcing the passing of the day and the end of work. 1. Whats the function of announcing the passing ofthe day?S2-The children rushed toward the gate, which was opened again. 1. Whats the function of the clause which was openedagain?S4-I looked around but found no trace of my father, who had promised to be there. 1. Whats the function of the clause who had promisedto be there?2. How do you understand the different tenses?Detailed Analysispara17S6-When I had waited for a long time in vain, I decided to return home on my own. 1. Can you identify the sentence type?2. Whats part of speech of home and return?3. in vain: l with no result; uselessly 无结果地; 徒然: eg. try in vain to sleep 怎麽也睡不着. l fruitless or useless 无效果的; 无用的: eg. All our work was in vain. 我们的工作全都白干了.4. on my own: alone, by oneself; without helpS7-I walked a few steps, then came to a startled halt. 1. come/draw to a halt: to stopEg. Production has come to a halt owing to the lackof raw materials.由于缺少原料,生产已陷入停顿。The tank came to a halt with a shudder. 随着一阵颤动,坦克停下了。The taxi came to a halt outside his front door.2. bring sth to a halt: to cause sth to stopEg.Traffic was brought to a halt by the demonstration. 由于游行，交通瘫痪了。 Production was brought to a temporary halt when power supplies failed.Detailed Analysispara17S10-Where had it disappeared to? 1. How do you understand the past perfect tense?S11-When did all these cars invade it? And when did all these people come to rest on the surface?1. What does it refer to? And what about its?2. invadel I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr (sth) (with sth) enter (a country or territory) with armed forces in order to attack, damage or occupy it 武装进入（一国或一领地）; 侵犯; 侵入; 侵略: l Tnesp passive 尤用於被动语态 (fig 比喻) enter (sth) in large numbers, esp so as to cause damage; crowd into 涌入（某事物）（尤指为破坏）; 侵袭: Eg.The cancer cells may invade other parts of the body. 癌细胞可能侵袭身体的其他部分. a city invaded by tourists 游客大批涌入的城市a mind invaded with worries, anxieties, etc 充满烦恼焦虑等的心境. l Tn interfere with (sth); intrude on 干扰（某事物）; 侵扰: eg. invade sbs rights, privacy, etc侵犯某人的权利隐私权等Detailed Analysispara17S13-How did these hills of rubbis