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2013年英语复习资料一、代词部分:应注意的一些代词,both、neither、either、none、all。1、Young babies can use hand equally well.A、either B each C both Devery2、They have two teams, and of them have chance of winningA、both B none C neither D all3、 of us could work out this maths problem, so we asked our teacher for help.A、Some B any CNo one D None二、数词应注意倍数的用法1、With the help of the foreign experts, the factory produced cars in 2001 as the year before。A as twice many B as many as twice C as twice as many D twice as many2、New typewriters cost about price of the second-hand onesA three times the B a three times Cthe three tomes D three times a解析:倍数表达公式(1)倍数+as -as(2)倍数+the +名词+of三、形容词、副词应注意(1)短语the same as(2)The + 比较级,the +比较级(3)形容词、副词的比较级可被much、far、still、even、a little、a bit、a lot、a great deal修饰,加强或削弱其语气。1.In the world no country has exactly the same folk music _ that of any other countries.A. with B. as C. to D. like2.Although the price of house has been lower , it is _ higher than before.A. still B. yet C. so D. such四、情态动词部分需要掌握情态动词公式成人高考英语情态动词部分常考情态动词的一些固定结构如:1must /may /might +动词原形(表对现在事情的肯定推测)典型例题专升本2001年13题She _on her way to school,I just phoned her home and no one answered me.A should be B . must be C. might have been D. could be解析:本题考查考生对情态动词固定结构的掌握,由于本题是对现在事情的推测,故选B。题意为:她肯定在上学的路上,我刚打电话给她家里,没人接。must /may /might +have +PP(过去分词)(表对过去事情的肯定推测)典型例题专升本2005年20题-They are supposed to arrive at six, but there is no sign of them.-Something unexpected_-to them.A . might happen B .must have happenedC. would have happenedD. couldhappened解析:此题考情态动词对过去事情肯定推测的结构,故选B题意为:他们原定于6点到达,但现在连人影都没见到,肯定出什么事了。couldnt / cant +have +PP( 表对过去事情的否定推测)典型例题 (1) 专升本2004年34题“I saw Mary in the Library yesterday.”“you her,she is still in hospital.”Amustnt have beenB could not see C. canthavebeen D. must not see解析:此题考情态动词对过去事情否定推测的结构,故选C 题意为:我昨天在图书馆看到玛利了。你不可能看到她,她还在医院里呢。(2) 高起点2003年25题You _have seen Jane in her office Last Friday,shes been out of town for two weeks.Acouldnt B . mustnt C . wouldnt D. shouldnt解析: 题考情态动词对过去事情否定推测的结构,故选A题意为:上个星期五你不可能在简的办公室看到简,她已出城两个星期了。4Ought to / should +have +PP(表过去应做的事而实际上未做,含有责备的口气)You _yesterday if you were really serious about the job.Aought to comeB ought to have comeC. ought have comeD. ought come解析:此题考查过去应做的事而实际上未做,故选B题意为:如果你很在乎这份工作的话,昨天你就该来。五、时态部分应掌握现在完成时、过去完成时以及各时态的被动语态。(1)只要时间状语是by the end of last,主句的谓语动词绝对用过去完成时;如果把last 变为next ,主句的谓语动词绝对用将来完成时。(2)By the time 从句的时态是一般过去时,主句谓语绝对采用过去完成时;如果by the time 从句的时态是一般现在时,主句谓语绝对采用将来完成时。六、疑问句部分需要注意附加疑问句。(1)祈使句的反意问句 (2)lets开头的反意问句(3)谓语为used to be 型的反意问句 (4)含有否定词的反意问句1Dont shout in the meeting room,_?A. should you B. will you C. can you D. could you2.Lets visit our uncle on the way home ,_?A. will you B. will we C.do we D. shall we3There used to be a cinema on this street, .?A .wasnt there B. didnt there C. wasnt it D. didnt it4Tom seldom visits his grandparents, ?A .doesnt he B. isnt he C. does he D. is he七、复合句要点一 (1)what 与that (2) 形式主语 与强调句(3) 区别介词短语与从句(4) 掌握从句必须采用陈述语气(as、 though 引导的让步状语除外)1.It is impossible he will tell us he has just done.A. thatwhat B.what that C.what what D.thatthat2.It was in Hong xing Cinema I met Mr Smith for the first time.A.when B.where C .in which D.that3.He is always trying to help others he is too busy.A. except B. except that C. except when D. in addition4.Never forget the days together on the island last year.A. shall I , we spent B. I shall, we spentC. shall I,when we spent D. I shall, where we spent要点二 状语从句部分的时间状语从句。(1)掌握 hardly.when.No soonerthan.(2) 牢记 the moment, the minute, each time ,by the time .等短语可引导时间状语从句要点三状语从句的结果状语(1) 掌握so 与such的 区别So 的使用公式:so + adj + a/an + n主语+谓语 so + adj + thatso + advsuch的公式主句+连系动词+such + a/an + adj + n主句+连系动词+such + adj + n(可数复数) + that主句+连系动词+such + adj + n(不可数)(2)掌握so that和suchthat的倒装句式要点四状语从句部分的让步状语(1)三者的区别. as ,though引导的让步状语从句的公式名词/形容词+as +主语连系动词副词 +as+主语+行为动词(2)让步状语从句不可以和并列连词but, and, for,so , therefore等同时用于一个句子中,但可以用still, yet,要点五 定语从句部分要点如下(一)非限定性定语从句的两种类型类型1. 第一种类型的非限定定语从句的先行词与定语从句的关系代词用逗号隔开,是因为两者关系不密切,从句仅对先行词起补充说明的作用。Yesterday , I met a girl ,who was my deskmate in the Middle school.We are going to spend this years SpringFestival in Hainan, where our parents lives.类型2. 第二种类型的非限定性定语从句修饰的不是一个先行词,而是上文中的整个句子,这时引导词只能用which.(二)当先行词为1、不定代词2、先行词被副词only,最高级、序数词修饰时,常用关系代词that 引导。(三)what 不可以引导引导定语从句,但what =先行词+引导词试题分析1.The dog ran out of the yard the old lady open the gate.A. the moment B. that moment C. a moment D. this moment2.He will give this letter to your bother the moment he him.A. will see B. sees C. see D. would see3.Although he likes Mary so much , he doesnt want to marry her.A .and B.but C. yet D. so4. ,he can already support a big family.A. A boy as he is B.AS he is a boy C .Boy as he is D. he is a boy5. Yesterday, I ran into my former headmaster in the street ,we talked about the things and people we remembered in the middle school.A. that B.which C. what D.who6.I bought a dozen of eggs yesterday , two were broken.A.between which B. among which C. in which D. when7.I have many friends , are from BeijingA. most of them B. most of whom C. some of which D. some of them8.He didnttell us he had done.A.all which B. all that C.all what D.what all八、倒装句要点1 only +副词/ 介词短语/状语从句置于句首强调时,后面的主语与谓语必须部分倒装。要点2 一些含有否定意义的词,如:notonly ,not until .,never , hardly , no sooner , scarcely , little , nowhere , in no time.等短语置于句首强调时,后面的主语和谓语必须部分倒装。九、主语与谓语保持一致要点1就近原则:not only.butalso; either.or;neither.nor; or连接两个主语时, 谓语动词应与第二个主语保持一致。要点2 就远原则:在主语与谓语之间插入短语 as well as ,together with, along with, with, except, but谓语动词不受插入语的影响仍和主语保持一致。要点3 时间、距离、金钱等词语作主语表总量时,谓语动词用单数。十、非谓语动词要点1 学会分析一道题缺少谓语还是非谓语。要点2 区别不定式、动名词、分词作定语。要点3 分词完成式仅作状语,不作定语。要点4 动名词的逻辑主语。要点5 分词作宾语补足语。十一、常考语言点要点1做过的事情、发生过的事情,动词regret, forget , remember后带动名词,反之,带不定式。要点2当 动词require , need,want 需要的主语是物时,后带动名词的主动语态表被动含义。要点3区别短语have +* +do/ / have +* /sth+doing/ have +sth +done要点4区别短语 make +* +do/ make +oneself +done要点5区别短语used to dosth/ beused to do sth/ be usedto doingsth2012年成人高考专升本英语语法复习资料一、动词时态及语态题(大家应该记住我所讲过的九种时态,特别是其中的过去完成,过去进行时,客观真理要用一般现在时等) 1、Themanagertoldusthatthisfactorywasbuiltin1958. 2、Bythetimewegotthere,theplayhadalreadybegun. 3、WhenIwasachild,Iknewthattheearthturnsaboutitsaxis. 4、WhenMr.Delaygothomeafteradaysexhaustingworkhiswifeandchildrenweresleeping. 二、非谓语动词题(特别是现在分词与过时分词的区别,大家一定要弄明白主动与被动这对最最重要的区别,要求大家多看我的上课笔记) 1、Thefilmshowedlastnightwasverymoving.(不用moved,大家别忘了-ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别) 2、Havingfinishinghislecture,theteacheraskedifanyonewishedtoaskedaquestion. 3、Theproblembeingdiscussedisveryimportant. 4、Givenmoretime,wearesuretofinishit. 5、Willyoupleasemakeyourselfknowntoeveryonehere 三、It作形式主语及形式宾语题(这也是一个常考点,it本身是没有意思的,注意it还可以指时间,天气等。) 1、ItisdifficulttostudyEnglishwell. 2、Wethinkitisimportanttopasstheexam. 四、强调句型(大家要记住的是itis(was)。that。如果前面是itiswas后面往往选用that,当然强调人的时候也可用who) 1、ItwasataneveningpartythatIfirstsawher. 2、Itiswhatyouwilldothatisimportant. 3、Whenwasitthatheboughtanewcar 五、倒装句型全部倒装句(这种全部倒装题历年只考过一次,考得最多的都是下面的部分倒装) 1、Stoptalking!Therecomestheteacher. 部分倒装句(如果选项里面有两个主谓倒装了,两个没有,我们一般要在倒装里做选择) 1、Sobadlywashehurtintheaccidentthathehadtobesenttohospital. 2、Notonlydoeshestudywell,butalsoheisalwaysreadytohelpothers. 3、MaryhasdonewellintheEnglishexam.Soshehas.Shealwaysdoeswellintheexam.六、从句中选择关系词(重点在定语从句,多看笔记,becausesincenowthatasfor;sothatsuchthat) 1、Itwasinsofriendlyawaythathetalkedwithus. 2、Oct.15,2005isadaywhenwewilltakeourEnglishexamination. 3、Wewanttobuythesamebookasyouarereading. 4、Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttolivingthings. 七、虚拟语气(我们要记住与现在,过去,将来相反的三种情况,特别是与过去相反的情况最常考,再有就是wishasif后面所接的三种情况,还有一个常考点在suggest,demand,require,order等表示建议,要求,命令的词后面加从句时,从句里谓语要用(should)+动词原形,如果是被动则用(should+be+动词过去分词) 1、IwouldhavedoneitbetterifIhadhadmoretime. 2、Iwishyouwouldgowithustomorrow. 3、Isuggestthatwe(should)adoptadifferentpolicy. 4、Haditnotbeenforyourhelpwewouldneverhavebeenabletogetoverthedifficulties.八、情态动词题(除了掌握常见情态动词基本用法外,常考点在三种表推测的情况,分别为must表对现在事情的肯定推测,cant表对现在事实的否定推测,musthave+v-ed表示对过去事实的肯定推测,而则表示过去应该做某事而没有做) 1、Thegroundissowet,itmusthaverainedlastnight. 2、Shemustbeadoctor,Ithink. 3、Ishouldhavecalledyoulastweek,butIwastoobusythen. 九、几组形容词及副词区别题(注意比较级、最高级、倍数表达;likelypossibleprobable;worthworthy;toomuchmuchtoo;alreadyyet等) 1、Hisbooksarethreetimeasmanyasmybooks. 2、TheNileriveristhelongestriverintheworld. 3、Itismuchtoohottonight. 4、Theharderheworked,thehappierhefelt. 十、主谓一致题(往往出题者都是考谓语动词选单数这种情况,如each,every,everyone这样的词作主语以及Mary,likemanyothergirlslikeslisteningtomusic这样的题) 1、Themoraloftheofficersandcrewwasveryhigh. 2、Eachboyandeachgirlinthecityisaskedtogotoschool. 3、Neitherthequalitynorthepriceshavechanged.(近位原则) 十一、动词及动词词组区别题(常考的有raise risea risea rose;spend cost take pay afford;wound injure hurt damage;find find out discover invent;hit strike ring beat;tell say speak talk;join join in take part in等以及我所讲过的动词短语) 1、Can you tell the difference between these two words 2、He joined the army three years ago. 十二、主句用将来时,从句则用一般现在时(或现在完成时)表将来 1、They will leave the classroom when they have finished writing. 2、We will start to work as soon as our teacher comes. 十三、名词所有格以及名词后面有限定时则该名词前一定要加定冠词the题(名词的格有以下两种情况,Tombook,以及the books of our school,特别是用of表示的所有格我们一定要习惯这种表达) 1、Beijing is the capital of China. 2、He cant have the expience of all of the world. 十四、常用介词区别题(如on,in,except besides,within,without,through等) 1、You should write in ink not with your pencil. 2、He pulled her into the train by the arm. 3、by bustrainair。On foot,on the farm,in the morningafternoonevening,at nightnoon 十五、常考代词题(常考的有other others,another the other;sometimes some time sometime;thatwhich;that what,either neither or;too also either;many much a great deal of a great number of a great amount of;a few few littlea little;as long as as far as;so long as so far as) 1、That you dont like him is none of my business. 2、The weather in the north is much colder than that in the south in January. 3、He must be a worker. I think so.2012年成人高考专升本英语词汇汇总构词法 英语的构词方法有三:合成(composition),派生(derivation)和转换(conversion)。 一、合成 合成:合两个或两个以上的词而成为一个新词,这种构词的方法叫做合成。 1. 复合名词的主要构成方式 1)名词+名词 classroom教室,newspaper 报纸 2)形容词+名词 blackboard黑板,highway 公路, 3)动词+名词 break-water防波堤 4)副词+名词 outbreak爆发,overcoat 大衣 5)代词+名词 he-goat公山羊,she-wolf 母狼 6)动词+副词 break-down崩溃 7)名词+介词短语 editor-in-chief 总编辑, father-in-law岳父 2. 复合形容词的主要构成方式 1)名词+形容词 snow-white 雪白的,world-wide全世界的 2)形容词+形容词 bitter-sweet 又苦又甜的,blue-green 绿里发蓝的 3)副词+形容词 ever-green 常绿的 4)名词+分词 snow-covered 白雪盖着的,hand-made 手工制作的 5)形容词+分词 good-looking 好看的 6)副词+分词 well-meaning 好意的,well-informed消息灵通的 7)形容词+名词 second-hand旧的,用过的,第二手的 8)形容词+名词+-edopen-minded 胸襟开阔的,white-haired白发的 9)数词+名词+(-ed)two-faced 两面派的, 3. 复合动词的主要构成方式 1)副词+动词 overcome克服,uphold支持,主张 2)名词+动词 sun-bathe行日光浴 二、派生 在一个单词前或后加上一个词缀,变成一个新词,这种构词的方法叫做派生,词缀有前缀和后缀两种,加在单词前的词缀,叫前缀,加在单词后的词缀,叫后缀。 1.前缀现将最常用的一些前缀(按字母顺序)举例如下: anti- 反对 anti-Japanese war抗日战争 arch- 主要的 arch-enemy 主要敌人 auto- 自动的 automobile 小汽车,autobiography自传 bi- 双 bicycle 自行车,bilingual 用两种语言的 by- 在旁 bystander 旁观者,by-product副产品 co- 共同 co-operation合作,co-existence 共处 counter- 反 counter-attack 反攻, de- 除去,否定 decentralization分散,不集中 dis- 否定 discover发现,disorder混乱,杂乱 en-, em- 使成为 enable使能够,enslave奴役,encourage鼓励 ex-前 ex-president前任主席、总统或大学校长 extra- 外 extraordinary非常的,格外的 for-, fore- 先,前,预 forward向前,foresee预见,forearm前臂 for- 禁,弃 forbid禁止,forget忘记 in-, il-, im-, ir- 不,非 informal 非正式的,incomplete不完全的, irregular不规则的 inter- 间,相互 interview会见 mal- 恶 maltreat 虐待 micro- 微 microscope显微镜 mid- 中 mid-night半夜, mid-autumn中秋的 mis- 误 misunderstand 误会, misuse误用 multi- 多 multi-national 多民族的 non- 非,不 nonexistent不存在的 post- 后于 post-war 战后的, pre- 先于 pre-war战前的 pro- 赞成,亲善 pro-American 亲美的 re- 重,再,复 review 复习 sub- 下,次 subdivide细分,再分 super- 上,超 super-structure 上层建筑 一、词汇解析 tele- 远 telephone 电话,telescope望远镜,television电视 trans-横过,转移 transformation改造,translate翻译 un- 不 unable不能的,unimportant不重要的,untrue不真实的 uni-一、单 uniform 划一的 2.名词后缀 -age状态,集合 marriage婚姻,shortage缺少,village村庄 -an人 American美国人,Italian意大利人,意大利语,African非洲人 -ance,-ancy性质,状态 importance重要性,significance意义 -ant, -ent人 assistant助手,助教, student学生 -ation, -ition动作,状态 determination决心,industrialization工业化,preparation准备 -craft技巧,工艺 handicraft手工艺 -dom (状态,领界)freedom自由,kingdom王国 -ee (被动)employee雇员 -eer 人 engineer工程师, volunteer志愿者 -ence, -ency(抽象名词)dependence依靠,不独立,excellence卓越 -er人,动作者 fighter战士,worker工人,writer作家,harvester收割机 -ese 人,语言 Chinese中国人,中文,Japanese日本人,日文 -ess女性 actress女演员,princess公主,hostess女主人,女乘务员(飞机上)-ful 充满 handful一把,armful一抱(这些词亦可作为复合词看)-hood身份,境遇,状态 childhood童年,likelihood可能性 -ian 人 musician音乐家,technician技术员 -ity (抽象名词)possibility可能性,capability能力 -man 人 Englishman英国人,postman邮递员(这些词亦可作为复合词看)-ment运动,结果 movement运动,development发展 -ness 状态,性质 kindness和善,carefulness小心 -or人,动作者 actor男演员, editor 编辑,tractor拖拉机 -ry, -ery 行为,工作,性质,工作地点,货物种类,境遇等 bravery勇敢,nursery托儿所,cookery烹调 -ship 状态,身分 friendship友谊,hardship苦难 -tion 动作,状态 attention注意,action行动,revolution革命 -ty (抽象名词)cruelty残酷, loyalty忠实 -ure结果,动作 pleasure快乐,pressure压力 3.形容词后缀 -able,-ible能够 unforgettable难忘的,responsible负责的 -al的 cultural文化的,national国家的 -an (地,人)的 Russian 俄罗斯的,俄罗斯人的,American美国的,美国人的 -ed 有,象 talented有才华的 -en 的 golden金色的,wooden木制的 -ern (表示方向的)northern北方的,eastern东方的,southern南方的,western西方的 -ese(地,人)的 Chinese中国的,中国人的,Japanese日本的,日本人的 -ful 充满 careful小心的,beautiful美丽的,powerful强有力的 -ic, -ical的 economic经济的,political政治的,grammatical语法的 -ish 属于,稍微 bookish书本气的,yellowish稍黄的,selfish自私的,childish幼稚的 -ive性,倾向 active 积极的, collective集体的 -less无 fearless无所畏惧的,careless不小心的,useless无用的,meaningless无意义的 -like如 childlike儿童般的(亦可作为复合词看)-ly 品质,的 friendly友好的,weekly每星期的,manly丈夫气的,daily每天的 -ous多 nervous神经紧张的,dangerous危险的 -some引起,适于,易于 troublesome烦人的,tiresome(令人感到厌倦的)-ward 向 backward落后的 -y 充满,性质 rainy雨的,snowy雪的,handy手巧的,便于使用的 4.动词后缀 -ateisolate使孤立, -endeepen加深,strengthen加强 -fysimplify简化,classify分类 -ize, -iseindustrialize工业化 5. 副词后缀 -lycarefully小心地,beautifully美丽地,quickly迅速地 -ward, -wards向 forward向前,backward向后,upwards向上,downwards向下 -wise方式 likewise同样地,otherwise否则,用另一种方式 一、转换 转换将一个单词由某一种词类转用为另一种词类,这就叫做转换。单词转换后的意义往往与未转换前的意义有密切的联系。 1.名词转化为动词 elbow 由“肘”转义为“用肘推挤” back 由“背,后面”转义为“支持,后退” 2.形容词转化为动词 slow 由“慢”转义为“放慢” 3.动词转化为名词 to take a walk 散步 to have a look看一看 to have a try 试一试 4.形容词转化为名词 the wounded 受伤的人们, the beautiful美丽的东西,the blind盲人们 5.其他词类转化为名词 a must必须做的事情,ups and downs高低起伏,ins and outs问题的底细 典型例题 考试的重点是词汇之间的搭配,和近义词之间的区别。 1. Driving a car is not as difficult as you imagine, if you _ the rules.A. depend on B. turn to C. put up D. stick todepend on 依靠、依赖 turn to 转向某人,turn to sb.向某人求助 put up with 容忍、忍受 stick to 遵守 答案 D2. In my opinion, the changing job market will _ people many difficulties.A. find B. bring C. take D. getfind 找到 bring 带来 take 拿走 get 得到 答案 B3. Since the two restaurants _ almost the same food and service, it doesnt matter where you stop to eat.A. offer B. cook C. prepare D. affordoffer 提供 cook 烹饪 prepare 准备 afford 付钱 答案 A4. When he applied for a _ in the office of the local newspaper, he was told to see the manager.A. profession B. position C. career D. location profession职业 position 职位 career 职业 location 方位 She chose an academic career. 答案 B5. Margaret was so _ for news of her lost child that she was almost driven mad.A. careful B. responsible C. thirsty D. hostilecareful 仔细的 responsible 负责的 thirsty 极度渴望的 hostile 敌

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