天津市武清区杨村第四中学高考英语一轮复习 语法专题十 虚拟语气课件 外研版.ppt_第1页
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专题十虚拟语气的用法 1 英语动词有三种语气 陈述语气 祈使语气和虚拟语气 2 定义 用来表示说的话不是事实 或者是不可能发生或可能性比较小的情况 是一种愿望 建议 假设的语气 一 虚拟语气定义 二 虚拟语气的考点1 一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法 2 条件句中虚拟语气的倒装 3 名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法 4 几种特殊结构中虚拟语气用法 5 虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定 1 ifiknewhistelephonenumber iwouldcallhimnow 2 ifiwereyou iwouldgiveaidspatientahug 3 ifihadtakenyouradvice iwouldn thavemadethesamemistake 4 ifhehadbeenthere itwouldn thavehappened 与现在事实相反 与过去事实相反 5 ifitshouldraintomorrow theywouldn tgoforanouting 6 ithinkwewoulddoit ifweplanneditinadvance 7 ifweweretohavethreedaysoff wewouldenjoyaveryhappylife 与未来事实相反 考题点击 1 ifyou tomorrow you findthenewmanagerworkingintheoffice shouldcome wouldb wouldcome wouldc willcome shouldd comes might 2 iftheparents atthehospitalearlieraftertheaccident thechildwouldhavebeensaved arrivesarrivec hadarrivedd hasarrived ifhe he thatfood luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately a waswarned wouldnothavetakenb hadbeenwarned wouldnothavetakenc wouldbewarned hadnottakend wouldhavebeenwarned hadnottaken 3 4 ifiwereyou i buythehouserightnow a won tb don tc wouldn td can t5 morecareful hisshipwouldnothavesunk a ifthecaptainwereb ifthecaptainhadbeenc shouldthecaptainbed ifthecaptainwouldhavebeen 6 iamnotfreetoday ifi freetoday i andvisitsomeofmyfriends a amwillgob were wouldgoc shallbed be mustgo 7 ifmylawyer herelastsaturday he mefromgoing a hadbeen wouldhavepreventedb hadbeen wouldpreventc were wouldpreventd were wouldhaveprevented 2 条件句中虚拟语气的倒装 条件从句中含有should were had三个助动词并且放在句首时 可以把if省略 wereiyou iwouldgiveitup hadihadtime iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain shouldtherebeaflood whatshouldwedo 1 theexam hewouldhaveattendacollege a ifhepassedb hadhepassedc werehepassedd ifheshouldpass 2 fiveminutesearlier youcouldhaveseenthemoff a ifyoushouldarriveb ifyouarrivec hadyouarrivedd shouldyouarrive 错综时间的条件句从句与主句发生的时间不同 需要按时间来确定虚拟形式 如 iftheyhadstudiedhard theycoulddoiteasilynow 如果他们以前努力学习的话 现在干的就会容易些 ifhehadnottakenmyadvice hewouldn tdoitmuchbetterlikethis 如果他不听取我的建议 他就不会干得这样好 3 名词性从句的虚拟语气 主要是表示命令 要求 建议的虚拟语气 宾语从句 常见动词 一个坚持 insist两个命令 order command三个建议 advise suggest propose四个要求 demand require request desire ask 宾语从句中的动词使用should 动词原形 或者将should省略 mydemandisthatshe come toseemeonceaweek allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalworks be closeddown hesuggestedthatwe go tobeijingforsightseeing it ssuggestedthatwe go outforapicnictogethereveryyear should go should come should be should go 表语从句 同位语从句 宾语从句 主语从句 注意 如suggest用于 暗示 表明 insist用于 坚持认为 时 宾语从句用陈述语气 1 theguardatgateinsistedthateverybodyobeytherules 2 heinsistedthatshewasseriouslyillandthatbesenttohospitalsatonce 3 hesuggestedthatwehaveameetingatonce 4 hispalefacesuggestedthathewasill 2 以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句也要使用虚拟语气 形式一样 order advice suggestion proposal demand request desire等 1 mydemandisthatsheshouldcometoseemeonceaweek 2 allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactoryshouldbecloseddown 4 几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法 1 wish 宾语从句 现在 过去 未来 did were haddone would could might do should iwishiwereabird iwishihadn tmadesuchamistake wewishourparentswouldn tpunishus iwisheveryday be mybirthday were iwish wishedi eat somuchwatermelon hadn teaten 2 wouldrather that 现在 过去 未来 iwouldratheryoupaidmenow 现在 iwouldratheryouhadgone too 过去 don tcome iwouldratheryoucametomorrow 未来 did were 过去时did haddone 3 asif though 从句 现在 过去 did were haddone theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson itseemsasifitwerespring irememberthewholethingasifithadhappenedyesterday 4 it sabout hightime that should v 过去时 你该走了 我们该睡觉了 it shightimethatyouwent it shightimethatyoushouldgo it stimethatwewenttobed it stimethatweshouldgotobed 5 without和butfor构成虚拟 butfor要不是 withoutsunlight people slifewouldbedifferentfromtoday butforyourhelp iwouldn thavefinishedthework butforwater itwouldbeimpossibletoliveinthedesert 考题点击 1 iwentbyplane otherwisei muchlongertime a couldtakeb wouldtakec willhavetakend wouldhavetaken d 2 hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball otherwisehe agoal a hadscoredb scoredc wouldscored wouldhavescored d 3 withoutliberationwe anewlife a wouldnotbeginb wouldnothavebeenbegunc hadnotbegund wouldnothavebegun d 6 ifonly 要是 就好了 相当于wishifonlyiknewhisname ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvice ifonlyicouldseehimagain 要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了 要是我没错过火车就好了 ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus ifonlyihadn tmissedthetrain 三 虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点 1 错综条件虚拟语气 主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定 iftheweatherhadbeenfiner thecropswouldbegrowingstillbetter ifyouhadfollowedtheteacher sadvice youwouldn tbeinthehospital 陈述语气与虚拟语气典型例题1 thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit a willrainb rainsc rainedd israined2 wouldyouhavecalledherup possible yes buti busydoingmyhomework a haditbeen wasb ifitwas werec ifithadbeen hadbeend ifitwere wouldbe b 该句为陈述语气 因为主句用的是willbeputoff 真实条件句主句为将来时 从句用一般现在时代将来时 问句中用的是虚拟语气 主句用wouldhavecalled 从句中与过去相反的动词形式为haddone 答句中表示的是真实的情况 所以该用陈述语气 a 高考题点击3 youdidn tletmedrive ifwe inturn you sotired a drove didn tgetb haddriven wouldn thavegotc drove wouldn tgetd weredriving wouldn tget4 itishardformetoimaginewhatiwouldbedoingtodayifi inlove attheageofseven withthemelindacoxlibraryinmyhometown 02上海 a wouldn thavefallenb hadnotfallenc shouldfalld weretofall 前句用的是陈述语气 表示过去发生的事 后句是虚拟语气 表示与过去相反 b b 该句主句中用的是与现在相反的虚拟语气 而从句中使用的是与过去相反的虚拟语气 全句意思为 如果我不在七岁时迷上了我们家乡的melindacoxlibrary 我真不能想象我今天会做什么 经典题目5 ifyou himyesterday you whattodonow asked wouldknowhadasked wouldhaveknownc askedhim knowd hadasked wouldknow6 whatwouldhavehappened asfarastheriverbank a bobhadwalkedfartherb ifbobshouldwalkfartherc hadbobwalkedfartherd ifbobwalkedfarther c d 7 howiwisheveryfamily alargehousewithabeautifulgarden a hasb hadc willhaved hadhad8 whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater itlooksasifit a breaksb hasbrokenc werebrokend hadbeenbroken b c doyoumindifileavethewindowopen well i dratheryou a don tb didn tc won td mustn t10 it shalfpasteleven it shightime home a we llb we dc we regoingd wewent b d 11 jack yet otherwisehewouldhavephonedme n97 a mustn thavearrivedb shouldn thavearrivedc can thavearrivedd needn thavearrived c 4 名词性从句中的虚拟语气a 宾语从句中的虚拟语气在动词suggest order demand request desire insist require decide determine advise recommend deserve 值得提及 后需用should型的虚拟语气 考题点击 theteacherdemandedthatthework before4o clock a finishedb befinishedc shouldfinishd finish2 whatdidthedoctorsayaboutyourmother sillness hesuggestedthatshe anoperationatonce a musthaveb hadc haved hadhad b c b 主语从句中的虚拟语气基本句型 itissuggested ordered proposed required demanded requested insisted should doitisimportant necessary natural desirable strange advisable imperative itisapity ashame nowonder 考题点击 1 isitnecessarythathe theexamination a takesb hastotakec musttaked take2 itisstrangethathe youthis a wouldtellb shouldtellc hadtoldd hastold d b c 表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气在suggestion proposal idea plan order advice等名词后面的表语从句 同位语从句中要用虚拟语气 即 should 动词原形 myideaisthatwe should getmorepeopletoattendtheconference imakeaproposalthatwe should holdameetingnextweek 考题点击 hissuggestionthatyou oncemoresoundsreasonable a tryb triesc musttryd cantry a practicefinishawritingpassage accordingtothechinesegiven jim刚刚做完左腿手术而被告诉一个月不能走动 他后悔如果前一天晚上没有玩电脑游戏 今天早晨就可以早点儿起床 也就不会因为怕迟到而撞倒致使自己住院了 妈妈也因为儿子没有按时睡觉而在责备他 同时jim也在遗憾下周的运动会不能参加了 预想的400米冠军也不能得到了 practicecompletethefollowingpassagewiththeverbsinbrackets usingthesubjunctivemood jimhasjusthadanoperationonhisleg hewastoldhewouldhavetostayinbedforatleastthreemonths nowheregretswhathedid theaccidentwouldnothavehappenedifhehadnotbeensofoolish he notwakeup solatethatmorningifhe notstayup latethenightbeforeplayingcomputergames wouldn thavewokenup hadn tstayedup jim smotheragreed ifmyson getup halfanhourearlier he notride hisbikesocrazily jim smotherblamedjiminfrontofthedoctor ifhe follow adviceandgonetobedearlier he spend moretimeonhiswaytoschoolandhe nothit atreebythestreet hadgotup wouldn thaveridden had followed couldhavespent would thavehit yes indeed mum answeredjiminalowvoice butyouknowifi notnotice thelittlegirlcrossingthestreetallofasudden i knock herdown myleg notinjure andinsteadofmethegirl take tohospital hadn tnoticed wouldhaveknocked would havebeeninjured wouldhavebeentaken lyinginbed jimkeptonsaying howiwishi be morecareful mum itwastruethatifthisaccidenthadnothappened jim find himselfsittingintheclassroomenjoyinghisclass andit be possibleevenforhimtowinthe400 meterraceinthesportscompetitionifhe join themthenextweek hadbeen wouldfound wouldbe couldjoin jimhasjusthadanoperationonhisleg hewastoldhewouldhavetostayinbedforatleastthreemonths nowheregretswhathedid theaccidentwouldnothavehappenedifhehadnotbeensofoolish he notwakeup solat

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