考研大趋势之一：考研英语基础复习必备 1997.doc

考研大趋势之一：考研英语基础复习必备 1997 Text 11/371997 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试试题Text 1题材：社会生活类 词数：3861. It was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months ofarguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australias Northern Territory became thefirst legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients whowish to die. The measure passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediatelyword flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executivedirector of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on via the groups on-line service,Death NET. Says Hofsess: “We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isnt justsomething that happened in Australia. Its world history.”2. The full import may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights of the Terminally Ill law hasleft physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. Somehave breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the AustralianMedical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide isunlikely to turn back. In Australiawhere an aging population, life-extending technology andchanging community attitudes have all played their partother states are going to considermaking a similar law to deal with euthanasia. In the US and Canada, where the right-to-diemovement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.3. Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can request deathprobably by adeadly injection or pillto put an end to suffering. The patient must be diagnosed as terminallyill by two doctors. After a “cooling off” period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificateof request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54-year-oldDarwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally Ill law means he can geton with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathingcondition. “Im not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what I was afraid of washow Id go, because Ive watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing attheir masks,” he says.Text 1 文章内容全解一、试题出处分析本文属现象分析型文章，文章通过讲述澳大利亚北部地区(澳北州)通过安乐死法案这一事件，揭示了这一法案的深远影响及其对晚期绝症病人的意义。二、原文深度解读Para 11. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australias时间状语 主句主语Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the系表结构作主句谓语 后置定语 不定式结构作后置定语，lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. (P1S2)修饰 authority 定语从句，修饰 patients翻译经过长达 6 个月的争论和最后 16 个小时激烈的国会辩论，澳大利亚北部地区(澳北州)考研大趋势之一：考研英语基础复习必备 1997 Text 12/37成为世界上第一个允许医生根据绝症病人个人意愿来结束其生命的合法当局。解析该句是复合句，句子的主干是Australias Northern Territory became the first legalauthority，其中包含一个由 who 引导的定语从句，修饰 patients。parliamentary/plmentr/ adj.议会的，国会的，设有议会的真题例句 They are brought sport, comedy, drama, music, news and current affairs, education,religion, parliamentary coverage, childrens programmes and films for an annual license fee of83 per household.每户每年交 83 英镑的收视费便可收看体育、喜剧、戏剧、音乐、新闻时事、教育、宗教、议会报道、儿童节目及电影。(1996 阅读 text2 para2 s2)串记同族：parliament(n.议会，国会) parliamentarian(n.议会议员；资深议员)debate/dbet/ n.(1)(在公共集会上或议会里就某问题进行的、常以表决结束的)辩论(2)(各自发表不同意见的)辩论，争论v.(尤指正式的)讨论，辩论真题例句Today, the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internalscholarly debates, rather than on topics with external impact.如今，社会科学主要关注种种纪律问题和内部学术辩论，而很少关注能产生外部影响的论题。(2013 阅读 B para4)But had Entergy kept its word, that debate would be beside the point.但是，如果安特吉公司信守承诺，这一争论就无关紧要了。(2012 阅读 Atext2 para5 s4)On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicidedebate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine hasprolonged the physical agony of dying.另一层面，医疗界很多人承认，协助病人自杀的争论之所以升温，部分原因是病人的绝望情绪，对于这些病人来说，现代医学延长了病人临终前的身体痛苦。(2002 阅读 Atext4 para6)At the core of this debate is chairman Gerald Levin, 56, who took over for the late SteveRoss in 1992.56 岁的现任董事长杰拉德列文是争论的焦点人物，他于 1992 年接替已故董事长斯蒂夫罗斯。(1997 阅读 text4 para2 s1)Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of thesechanges, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well.学者、决策者以及各个领域的评论家都在讨论这些变化的社会影响，但很少有人看到其负面影响：家庭风险也增加了。(2007 阅读 Atext3 para2 s2)搭配 be open to debate 有待讨论 under debate 讨论中串记同族：debater(n.参加辩论者，争论者) debatable(adj.可争辩的，有争议的) 同义：argue(vi.争论，争吵，争辩) discuss(vt.讨论，谈论，商量) dispute(v.对提出质疑；争辩，争论)legal authority 合法当局incurably/nkjrbl/ adv.不能治愈地；不可救药地；不能矫正地搭配 incurably ill 病入膏肓串记同族：incurable(adj.不能治愈的；不能改变的，无法矫正的) cure(v.治愈；纠正，矫正) 反义：curable(adj.可治愈的，可医治的)2. Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up,程度状语 副词作状语 主语 谓语一 地点状语 并列连词 谓语二half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada.状语 状语 同位语，解释说明 John Hofsess 的身份(P1S4)翻译该消息几乎立刻就出现在互联网上，被身处地球另一端的加拿大死亡权利组织的执行主席约翰霍夫塞斯看到了。解析该句是简单句，句子的主干是word flashedand was picked up。flash /fl/ v.(1)(使)闪耀，闪光(2)(快速地)显示(3)突然想到，猛然想起n.(1)闪光，闪耀(2)(想考研大趋势之一：考研英语基础复习必备 1997 Text 13/37法的)突现，(情感的)突发(3)(明亮的东西)闪现真题例句 This is no flash in the pan; over the past couple of years, inflation has beenconsistently lower than expected in Britain and America.这不是昙花一现；在过去几年里，英国和美国的通货膨胀率始终低于预测水平。(1997 阅读 text5 para3 s5)搭配 a flash in the pan 昙花一现 in/like a flash 转瞬间，立即half a world way 在地球的另一端executive director 执行理事，常务董事3. Says Hofsess: “We posted bulletins all day long,主句谓语 主句主语 宾语从句主语 从句谓语 从句宾语 时间状语because of course this isnt just something that happened in原因状语从句标志词 状语 从句主语 系表结构作从句谓语 定语从句，修饰Australia.”(P1S6)something翻译他说：“我们一整天都在发布公告，因为这当然不仅仅是发生在澳大利亚的事情。解析该句是复合句，句子的主干是 Hofsess says，冒号后的直接引语部分看可做是宾语从句，作谓语 says 的宾语，该宾语从句包含一个由 because 引导的原因状语从句，且该原因状语从句中还包含一个由 that 引导的定语从句。bulletin/bltn/ n.(1)(电台或电视台的)新闻简报(2)公告，布告(3)(机构或组织的)简报all day long 整天Para 24. The full import may take a while to sink in.(P2S1)主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语翻译要充分理解这一法案的深刻意义可能还需要一段时间。解析该句是简单句，结构较为简单。import/mpt/ n.(1)进口，输入的产品(2)进口，输入，引进(3)重要性/mpt/ vt.进口，输入，引进真题例句 The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 abarrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in richeconomies by only 0.25%-0.5% of GDP.经济合作与发展组织在其最新的经济展望中估计，如果全能是有价格平均每桶为 22 美元，与 1998 年每桶 13 美元对比，发达国家进口是有增加的费用只占国内生产总值的 0.25%-0.5%。(2002 阅读 Atext3 para4 s5)串记同族：importation(n.进口) important(adj.重要的，有重大影响的) importer(n.从事进口的人，进口商) 反义：export(n.出口，输出vt.出口，输出；传播)take a while 花费一些时间sink in 被完全理解；被充分意识到5. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life分句一主语 分句一谓语 分句一宾语 分句二主语 现在分词短语作插入语groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and状语 分句二谓语 分句二宾语一 并列连词the haste of its passage.(P2S3)分句二宾语二 后置定语翻译一些人如释重负，而另一些人，包括教会、生命权利组织以及澳大利亚医学会都对这一决议及其仓促的通过进行了猛烈的抨击。解析该句是并列句，由逗号连接两个独立的句子构成。分句一的主干是 Some have breathedsighs of relief；分句二的主干是 othersattacked the bill and the haste。真题句型逗号连接两个独立的分句构成的并列句。句型再现 Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars考研大趋势之一：考研英语基础复习必备 1997 Text 14/37like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrants livingwithin the United States remain somehow immune to the nations assimilative power.”罗德里格斯指出，世界各地偏远村庄里的孩子们都是阿诺德施瓦辛格和加思布鲁克斯这样的超级巨星的影迷或者歌迷，然而“一些美国人却担忧，居住在美国的移民在某种程度上对这个国家的同化作用是免疫的”。(2006 阅读 Atext1 para5)breathe sighs of relief 松了一口气；如释重负association /ssen/ n.(1)协会，社团，联盟，组织(2)联合，合伙；交往(3)联想，联系真题例句Bob Liodice, the chief executive of the Association of National Advertisers, saysconsumers will be worse off if the industry cannot collect information about their preferences.美国国家广告商联合会的主席鲍勃利奥狄斯说，如果广告行业无法收集用户的偏好的信息的话，你们这对于用户来说将更为不利。(2013 阅读 Atext2 para5 s4)The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers says that thereare more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects.国际科学、技术与医学出版社协会称，全球由超过 2 000 家出版公司专门从事科学、技术和医学领域的出版。(2008阅读 Atext2 para3 s4)In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of only three players in the National BasketballAssociation (NBA) listed at over seven feet.在 20 世纪 60 年代早期，威尔特 张伯伦是美国篮球协会(NBA)中仅有的 3 名身高 7 英尺有余的队员之一。(2008 阅读 Atext3 para1 s1)In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not theexpress reason of the association.第一种情况下的教育是偶发的，自然而且重要，但不是人际交往的明确目的。(2009 翻译 para1 s2)But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact,gains in importance.但在与年轻人交往中，交际本身作为人类自然直接的行为的事实却得到了重视。(2009 翻译 para2 s1)串记同族：associate(v.交往；联想，联系n.副的；联合的，有关联的) associated(adj.有关联的，相关的；联合的) 同义：organization(n.组织，团体，机构) institution(n.机构)bitterly/btl/ adv.(1)伤心地，愤怒地(2)极其，非常搭配 bitterly disappointed 极其失望 bitterly ashamed 极其羞愧串记同族：bitter(adj.激烈而不愉快的；愤愤不平的；味苦的) bitterness(n.愤懑；苦味)haste/hest/ n.急速，匆忙，仓促vi.赶紧；匆忙搭配 more haste, less speed 欲速则不达 in haste 匆忙地，慌张地串记同族：hasten(v.急忙进行；促进，使加快；赶往) 同义：hurry(n.匆忙，急忙) rush(n.匆忙，仓促；猛烈移动，冲)6. In Australia where an aging population, life-extending technology and地点状语 定语从句标志词 从句主语changing community attitudes have all played their part other states are going to从句谓语 从句宾语 主句主语 主句谓语consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia.(P2S5)动名词短语作主句宾语 目的状语翻译在澳大利亚，老龄化人口、寿命延长技术和公众态度的变化都发挥着各自的作用，其他州也将考虑制定类似的法律来处理安乐死问题。解析该句是复合句，句子的主干是other states are going to consider making a similar law，其中包含一个由 where 引导的定语从句，修饰 Australia。真题句型 where 引导的定语从句。句型再现 In the US and Canada, where the right-to-die movement is gathering strength, observersare waiting for the dominoes to start falling.在美国和加拿大，死亡权利运动正在积蓄力量，观考研大趋势之一：考研英语基础复习必备 1997 Text 15/37察家们正在等待多米诺骨牌开始倒下。(1997 阅读 text1 para2 s6)an aging population 老龄化人口life-extending technology 寿命延长技术community attitudes 公众态度euthanasia超纲/junezj/ n.安乐死7. In the US and Canada, where the right-to-die movement is gathering strength, observers地点状语 定语从句，修饰 the US and Canada 主句主语are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.(P2S6)主句谓语 主句宾语 后置定语翻译在美国和加拿大，死亡权利运动正在积蓄力量，观察家们正在等待多米诺骨牌开始倒下。解析该句是复合句，句子的主干是observers are waiting for the dominoes，其中包含一个由 where 引导的定语从句，修饰 the US and Canada。domino超纲/dmn/ n.多米诺骨牌Para 38. Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can request death probably by状语 主语 谓语 宾语 插入语，补充a deadly injection or pill to put an end to suffering.(P3S1)说明 death 的方式 目的状语翻译根据澳北州所通过的这项新法案，成年病人可以要求安乐死可能是通过注射致亡药剂或服用致亡药片来结束痛苦。解析该句是简单句，句子的主干是an adult patient can request death。deadly/dedl/ adj.(1)致命的，致死的(2)极度的，十足的(3)枯燥的，令人厌烦的adv.极其，非常搭配 deadly disease/weapon 致命的疾病/武器串记同族：dead(adj.死的，失去生命的；过时的，已废弃的adv.完全地，全然地)同义：fatal(adj.致命的，灾难性的) mortal(adj.导致死亡的，致命的)injection/ndekn/ n.(1)注射(2)大量资金的投入串记同族：inject(vt.注射；增加，添加；注入资金)put an end to 结束9. After a “cooling off” period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request.时间状语 主语 谓语 宾语(P3S3)翻译在经过 7 天的“冷静思考期”后，病人方可签署一份申请证明。解析该句是简单句，句子的主干是the patient can sign a certificate of request。cool off(1)变冷；冷却下来(2)镇静下来；不再那么激动a certificate of request 申请证明10. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54-year-old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT主句状语 Lloyd Nickson 的同位语 现在分词短语作后置定语 主句主语Rights of Terminally Ill law means he can get on with living without the haunting主句谓语 宾语从句，作 means 的宾语 从句状语fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition.(P3S5)同位语，解释说明 suffering 的内容翻译对居住于达尔文市现年 54 岁的肺癌患者劳埃德尼克森来说，澳北州晚期病人权利法意味着他可以平静地生活下去而无须整天惧怕即将来临的苦难：因呼吸困难而在煎熬中痛苦地死去。解析该句是复合句，句子的主干是the NT Rights of Terminally Ill law means，means 后的部分是一个省略了连接词 that 的宾语从句，作其宾语。考研大趋势之一：考研英语基础复习必备 1997 Text 16/37resident/rezdnt/ n.(1)居民，住户(2)住宿者，旅客，房客adj.居住的，定居的真题例句In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; inthe 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000.在 1990 年之前的 10 年里，每 1 000 个居民中就有 3.1 个移民；在 1890 年之前的 10 年里，每 1 000 个居民中有 9.2 个移民。(2006 阅读A text1 para2 s4)The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue.斯特拉特福镇令人尊敬的居民们不认为剧院给他们增加了哪怕是一丁点儿的收入。(2006 阅读 Atext2 para2 s1)Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions.然后随机选取这些地区的居民通过电话询问相同的问题。(2001 阅读 text3 para4 s3)串记同族：residence(n.住所，住房；居住，定居) residency(n.居住，定居) residential(adj.适合居住的，住宅的；需要在某地居住的；提供住宿的) 同义：inhabitant(n.居民)terminally ill 疾病晚期的；晚期病人get on with living 继续生活haunting超纲/hnt/ adj.萦绕心头的；使人难忘的terrify/terfa/ vt.使恐惧，使十分害怕串记同族：terrifying(adj.令人恐惧的，令人害怕的) terrified(adj.恐惧的，很害怕的)terrifically(adv.极其，非常) 同义：frighten(vt.使惊吓，使惊恐) scare(v.惊吓，使害怕，使恐惧) startle(vt.使惊吓，使大吃一惊)11. “Im not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but分句一主语和系动词 分句一表语 状语 转折连词what I was afraid of was how Id go, because Ive watched people主语从句作分句二主语 系动词 表语从句作分句二表语 原因状语从句die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks,” he地点状语 动名词短语作 people 的宾语补足语 主句主语says. (P3S6)主句谓语翻译“从精神层面说，我并不害怕死，但我怕的是怎样死，因为我在医院看到过病人在缺氧时苦苦挣扎，用手猛抓他们面罩时的情景，”他说。解析该句是复合句，句子的主干是 he says。直接引语部分可看做是省略了连接词 that 的宾语从句，作 says 的宾语。该宾语从句是一个并列句，由 but 连接两个独立的句子构成，其中，分句二中包含一个由 because 引导的原因状语从句。真题句型直接引语由并列句构成。句型再现“We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and those feelings can stay with us allday,” says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement.斯坦福睡眠研究员威廉德门特博士说，“我们从梦中醒来，或高兴或沮丧，这些情绪会伴随我们一整天。”(2005 阅读 Atext3 para2s4)from a spiritual point of view 从精神层面上说fight for 为而挣扎/战斗/竞争；争取；争夺claw at(用爪子或手指)抓/撕/挠三、全文翻译及语篇分析1. 最终表决于凌晨 3：45 进行。经过长达 6 个月的争论和最后 16 个小时激烈的国会辩论，澳大利亚北部地区(澳北州)成为世界上第一个允许医生根据绝症病人个人意愿来结束其生命的合法当局。这一法案以令人折服的 1510 的投票结果通过。该消息几乎立刻就出现在互联网上，被身处地球另一端的加拿大死亡权利组织的执行主席约翰霍夫塞斯看到了。他通过协会的在线服务“死亡之网”发了公告。他说：“我们一整天都在发布公告，因为这当然不仅仅是发生在澳大利亚的事情。这也是整个世界历史中的一件大事。”考研大趋势之一：考研英语基础复习必备 1997 Text 17/37第一段介绍澳北州通过安乐死法案，引发了人们的高度关注。句至句介绍法案通过的时间、过程及结果。句用It代指，给读者留下悬念。句指出该法案通过的艰辛过程：长达6个月的争论(six months of arguing)和最后16个小时激烈的国会辩论(final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates)。句指出法案最终通过的结果(1510)令人折服(convincing)。句至句通过介绍远在加拿大的死亡权利组织的执行主席约翰霍夫塞斯主席的观点，显示全世界对该事件的高度关注。句指出该消息立刻(immediately)传播到互联网上，并被远在加拿大的约翰霍夫塞斯看到了(was picked up)。句指出约翰霍夫塞斯获悉这一消息后的举动：通过协会的在线服务“死亡之网”发了公告。句通过引用他的话指出，这不仅仅是发生在澳大利亚的事情，也是整个世界历史中的一件大事。可见，这一法案的通过不仅受到了全球的高度关注，而且具有举足轻重的意义。2. 要充分理解这一法案的深刻意义可能还需要一段时间。澳北州晚期病人权利法使得无论是内科医生还是普通市民都力图从道义和实际意义两方面来考虑这一问题。一些人如释重负，而另一些人，包括教会、生命权利组织以及澳大利亚医学会都对这一决议及其仓促的通过进行了猛烈的抨击。但这一潮流已无法逆转。在澳大利亚，老龄化人口、寿命延长技术和公众态度的变化都发挥着各自的作用，其他州也将考虑制定类似的法律来处理安乐死问题。在美国和加拿大，死亡权利运动正在积蓄力量，观察家们正在等待多米诺骨牌开始倒下。第二段指出“安乐死合法化”是不可逆转的趋势。句至句指出要充分理解这一法案的深刻意义尚需时日。句为该意群的主旨句：要充分理解这一法案的深刻意义可能还需要一段时间(take a while)。句指出人们力图(trying to)从道义和实际意义两方面来考虑这一问题。句承接句指出人们考虑的结果：一些人如释重负(have breathed sighs of relief)，支持这一法案；另一些人则对这一法案进行猛烈的抨击(bitterly attacked)。句至句指出世界上通过类似法案的趋势已经不可逆转。句以 But 与上文构成转折，且为该意群的主旨句：这一潮流已无法逆转(unlikely to turn back)。句以澳大利亚其他州及美国和加拿大为例论证句的观点：他们都将考虑制定类似的法律，这一趋势就如同多米诺骨牌一样。3. 根据澳北州所通过的这项新法案，成年病人可以要求安乐死可能是通过注射致亡药剂或服用致亡药片来结束痛苦。不过，病人必须由两名医生诊断其确实已到绝症晚期。在经过 7 天的“冷静思考期”后，病人方可签署一份申请证明。48 小时后，才可以满足其安乐死的愿望。对居住于达尔文市现年 54 岁的肺癌患者劳埃德尼克森来说，澳北州晚期病人权利法意味着他可以平静地生活下去而无须整天惧怕即将来临的苦难：因呼吸困难而在煎熬中痛苦地死去。“从精神层面说，我并不害怕死，但我怕的是怎样死，因为我在医院看到过病人在缺氧时苦苦挣扎，用手猛抓他们面罩时的情景，”他说。第三段具体介绍该法案的内容，并指出该法案对于绝症病人的意义。句至句介绍该法案规定的安乐死实施方式、目的和步骤。句总述法案的内容。句分述安乐死的过程：两名医生确诊病人已到绝症晚期7 天后，病人签署申请证明48 小时后，实施安乐死。句举例说明此法案对绝症病人的意义。考研大趋势之一：考研英语基础复习必备 1997 Text 28/37Text 2题材：社会生活类 词数：4361. A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous, andhelpful most Americans were to them. To be fair, this observation is also frequently made ofCanada and Canadians, and should best be considered North American.There are, of course,exceptions. Small-minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardlyunknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment.2. For a long period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome breakin an otherwise dull existence. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the familieswho generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers were welcome sources ofdiversion, and brought news of the outside world.3. The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality. Someonetraveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin orsettlement. It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on thepart of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life: if you didnt take in the stranger andtake care of him, there was no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might be inthe same situation.4. Today there are many charitable organizations which specialize in helping the wearytraveler. Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US, especiallyin the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails. “I was just traveling through,got talking with this American, and pretty soon he invited me home for dinneramazing.”Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon, but are not alwaysunderstood properly. The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neitheras superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition.5. As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals,assumptions, and