新版新世纪英语八年级上册知识点整理.doc

新世纪 8年级 上册 4个单元 英语知识点 整理 Unit One Modern Technology Lesson One Computers【词形变换】mouse-mice（复数）main - mainlyelectronic - electrical - electricityrelax - relaxedable - enableinvent（发明 v.）-inventor（发明家）-invention（发明物）【重要短语】type in输入，键入ought（not）to = should（not）应该get/be familiar with 熟悉and so on 等等Whats the use of? 的用途是什么？at the age of 在岁时learn from 向学习be worried about = worry about 担心allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事Would you please + v.原形? stop/prevent/keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事stop doing sth. 停止做某事stop to do sth. 停下来做某事pay attention to（介词） 注意 agree with sb. 同意某人的意见help sb. with sth. = help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事spendon sth. = spend(in) doing sth. 花费做某事keep in touch with 与保持联系millions of 数百万的useto do sth. 用.做某事all/different/many kinds of 各种各样的in brief 简言之neithernor 既不, 也不be connected to 与连接在一起be able to 的用法：（可用于各种时态，而can不能）现在：am/is/are (not) able to过去：was/were (not) able to将来：will (not) be able toLesson Two Robots【词形变换】different（形）-difference（名）-differently（副）danger - dangerousoperate - operationmemory - memorizeindustry - industrialmedicine - medicalplease-pleasure（名）-pleased（形/人）-pleasant（形/物）【重要短语】tidy up 整理，收拾make the bed 铺床perform/do an operation on sb. 给某人做手术perform/do operations on sb. = operate on sb.be different from与不同 be the same as与相同know nothing about 对一无所知with pleasure 高兴地，快乐地；乐意地what else = what other things （else常放在不定代词和疑问词的后面）decide to do sth. 决定做某事practise doing sth. 练习做某事not onlybut also 不但而且notany more/longer = no more/longer不再keep doing sth. 一直不停地做某事be afraid of sth./doing sth. 害怕某物/做某事 be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事with/without the help of 在的帮助下 / 没有的帮助不定代词的用法：something 常用于肯定句中，也可用于希望得到对方肯定回答的疑问句中anything 常用于否定句或疑问句中nothing 常用于否定句中（what）everything 上述不定代词都指物，不能和of连用，都是单数。someone = somebody 常用于肯定句中anyone = anybody 常用于否定或疑问句中no one = nobody 常用于否定句中（who）everyone = everybody 上述不定代词都指人，不能和of连用，也都是单数。none既可指人也可指物，既可用作单数也可用作复数，常和of连用。（how many）Lesson Three Household Appliances【词形变换】clean - cleanerapply - appliance【重要短语】move into/to 搬进/到be made in 在制造be made of 由制成（可看出原材料）be made from由制成（看不出原材料）turn on/off 打开/ 关闭 turn up/down 调高/ 调低finish doing sth. 结束做某事Whats that button for? 那个按钮是干什么的？a piece of cake 容易的事情enjoy oneself = have a good time = have fun 玩得愉快by hand 手工；手动It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人时间in addition 此外；加之enable sb. to do sth. 能使某人做某事at the same time 同时bothand 和都way of life 生活方式语法：感叹句How + adj./adv. + 主语 + 谓语！ e.g. How interesting the book is!What + 名词短语 + 主语 + 谓语！ e.g. What an interesting book it is!What + a/an + adj. + n.（单数名词）+ 主语 + 谓语！ e.g. What a lovely girl she is!What + adj. + n.（复数名词或不可数名词）+ 主语 + 谓语！ e.g. What bad weather it is! What beautiful flowers they are!=Unit Two Culture and CustomsLesson One Visiting a British Family【词形变换】culture - cultural custom - customerpaint - paintinglove - lover - lovelyplease - pleased - pleasant - pleasure【重要短语】try（it） on 试穿 shake hands with 和握手put up 张贴，举起 put on 穿上put out 熄灭，扑灭 sitting room 起居室be ones first to do sth. 某人第一次做某事show sb. around sp. 带领某人参观某地for the first time 第一次advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事a group of 一群 be busy doing sth. = be busy with sth. 忙于做某事in response to 作为对的答复；作为对的反应Chinese painting 国画English-speaking 说英语的learn to do sth. 学习做某事something to drink 一些喝的东西on a study trip 进行一次学习旅行since引导的原因状语从句 （主句现在完成时，从句一般过去时）e.g.The Wangs have lived in Shanghai since they moved there.Lesson Two Eating Out【词形变换】start - starterwait - waiter - waitresssure - surely noise - noisy - noisilyhard - hardly 【重要短语】eat out 吃完have been to 去过have gone to 去了return to 返回invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事invite sb. to 邀请某人去few（否） a few（肯） 修饰可数名词复数little（否） a little（肯） 修饰不可数名词by the way 顺便问一下need to do sth. 需要做某事ask for 寻求What do you think of? = How do you like? 你觉得怎么样？be for 赞成 be against 反对on weekdays 在工作日at weekends 在周末be fond of 喜欢such as 例如，诸如之类first of all = at first 首先in addition 此外whats more 而且main course 主菜take sb.s order 记录某人点的菜go Dutch 各人付各人的帐service charge 服务费be true for 对适用，符合于sothat （中间接形容词或副词原级）-引导的结果状语从句suchthat （中间接名词短语） “如此，以致”= Unit Three Knowledge of Common InterestLesson One Idioms with Body Parts【词形变换】attention - attentive - attentivelymean - meaning - meaningful - meaninglesslisten - listenerloud - loudly - aloud【重要短语】Youve got a sweet tooth. 你喜欢吃甜食。I see eye to eye with you. 我与你的看法完全一致。Hes got a green thumb. 他园艺技能高超。Hes all ears. 他全神贯注地听。Youve just hit the nail on the head.你正好击中要害（一针见血）。You should stand on your own feet.（You should be independent.）Hes pulling your leg.（Hes kidding.）It will cost an arm and a leg.（It will cost a lot.）Im all thumbs.（Im clumsy.）Shes got him under her thumb.（She controls him.）be good at 擅长 = do well inwith the help of 在的帮助下，借助于teach sb. sth. 教某人某事（宾格）teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事teach oneself = learnby heart 自学the way to 去的路be quiet = keep quiet 保持安静on the other hand 另一方面be careful = look out = take care 小心，当心never mind 没关系，不要紧by heart 靠记忆as soon as引导的时间状语从句（主句将来时，从句一般现在时）e.g. He will give me a call as soon as he gets to Beijing.Lesson Two Exhibitions and Museums【词形变换】exhibit - exhibitionprice - pricelessenter - entranceeconomy - economicproud - prideproduce - product - production【重要短语】wait for sb. 等待某人It is（has been） + 一段时间 + since + 句子（一般过去时）“自从以来，已经有的时间了。”two more = another two 再两个，又两个as well 也notuntil 直到才 at the entrance (to) 在入口处Thats fine with me. 行，没问题。this coming Saturday 即将到来的这个星期六in the mid nineteenth century 在19世纪中叶in order to = so as to 为了 so that 以便，为了the price of .的价格be proud of = take pride in 以为自豪，以为骄傲since then 从那时起open to the public 向公众开放since引导的原因状语从句（主句现在完成时，从句一般过去时）e.g.The Wangs have lived in Shanghai since they moved there.Lesson Three Wonders of the World【词形变换】wonder - wonderful - wonderfullydie-death（名）-dead（形）-dying（现在分词）live -alive活着的 -lively生动的，逼真的 -living（形）活的，有生命力的weigh-weight long-lengthwide-width high-heightstrong-strength deep-depthwise-wisdom 【重要短语】cover an area of 占地thousands of 数千，成千上万be made up of 由组成 = consist ofbe made in 在制造be made of 由制成（能看出原材料）be made from 由制成（看不出原材料）be made into 被制成work on 从事be friendly to 对友好in height = high 高in length = long 长the sameas 同样的 (colour, size, age, height)keepalive 使活着to this day 至今add to 增加，加到add up to 总计达in fact = actually 事实上，实际上tour guide 导游 = Unit Four Animals and PlantsLesson One A Visit to an Agricultural Park【词形变换】amaze - amazing - amazednature - naturalchemistry - chemical - chemist【重要短语】be/come/get back from 从回来hear of 听说，听到有关的消息varieties of 各种的，种类繁多的 all year round 全年，一年到头at noon/night/mid-night 在中午 in this way 用这种方法be covered with 被覆盖 take photos of 拍的照片set out 出发，动身show sb. around sp. 带领某人参观某地instead of 代替，而不是learn a lot 学到许多tellfrom 区别；分辨learnfr