八年级英语上册--unit 1-10 课文重难点讲解.doc

三一教育 知识点燃梦想 成就小初高高效培优教育第一品牌 2014八年级上 Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?重点单词：anyone anywhere wonderful few most Something nothing everyone seem boredsomeone decide try wonder differencewait wet below enough hungry as dislike 重点短语 quite stay at home of course go shopping feel like seem to be because of decide to do sth. go on vacation ride bicycles go to summer camp enough money study for tests the top of the hill 重点句型 1.-Where did you go on vacation? -I went to New York City. 2. Did you go out with anyone? 3. -How was the food? -Everything tasted really good! 4. Still no one seemed to be bored. 5. And because of the bad weather, we couldnt see anything below.语法：不定代词和一般过去时态 1. go on vacation度假 on holiday/vacation spend a holiday 2. Did you do anything special last month? 上个月你做了什么特别的事情吗？ anything special. something, anything, nothing, somebody, anyone等都是不定代词。当有形容词修饰不定代词时，形容词要放在这些不定代词的后面。使用不定代词时，要注意以下几点： A. 一般情况下，some构成的复合不定代词用于肯定句(还用在期望得到肯定回答的疑问句); any构成的复合不定代词用于否定句或疑问句。 B. 不定代词在句中作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。 C. 含no的复合不定代词相当于“not +any的复合不定代词”： nothing=not any thing3. Anyone “任何人” 用于肯定句中强调“任何人都”： Now anyone can go online and buy things. 用于疑问句，否定句中： Dont tell it to anyone here. 4. long time no see. 好久不见。 5. anywhere interesting. “在任何地方”： You can go anywhere you like to go with the money. I cant find the newspaper anywhere. 形容词修饰somewhere, anywhere, nowhere等时，形容词要后置。 6. quite a few 相当多，不少 quite为副词，修饰a few. a few, few, a little, little: 修饰可数名词: a few-表肯定。 few-表否定。 修饰不可数名词：a little-表肯定。 little-表否定。7. most of the time大多数时间 Most的单复数概念取决于of后面的名词，谓语动词根据of后面的名词来决定。 Most of the students in our school are from the country. Most of the moon cake is bad. 8. relax 动词：放松；松弛 The children should relax at least. 9. Still no one seemed to be bored. A. I got very bored because of the boring movie. Relax-relaxed放松的；lose-lost丢失的；please-pleased高兴的； close-closed关着的； surprise-surprised惊奇的；excite-excited兴奋的；worry-worried担忧的； interest-interested感兴趣的。 B. Seem连系动词或不及物动词，用法如下： -主语+seem+(to be+)表语：Tom seems (to be) a very clever boy. -主语+seem+不定式，seem与不定式一起构成谓语： Mr. Green doesnt seem/ seems not to like the idea. -“It seems+that从句”，其中it是形式主语，that引导主语从句： It seems that no one knows what has happened in the park. It seems to me that Mr. Brown will not come again. -“There+seem (to be) +名词”. Seem的单复数形式根据后面主语而定。 There doesnt seem to be much hope of our beating that team. 10. 不定代词。不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫不定代词。A. 常用普通不定代词列表：some; anyfew; littlenone; one; othermany; mucheither; neithereach; everyboth; all B. 普通不定代词的用法： -some; any的用法：some用于肯定句（希望得到对方的肯定回答时的疑问句也用SOME)；any用于否定句和疑问句。 -many与much:many修饰可数名词复数，much修饰不可数名词。两个都可与表示程度的副词so, too, as, how连用。 C. 常用复合不定代词列表：somebodyanybodynobodyeverybodysomeoneanyoneno oneeveryonesomethinganythingnothingeverything -当句子的主语是指人的复合不定代词，如everybody, nobody,anyone等时，反意疑问句的主语常用代词they: Everybody is here, arent they? -主句的主语是指物的复合不定代词，如everything, anything, something, nothing等时，反意疑问句的主语常用it: Everything is ready, isnt it? -当形容词或else修饰复合不定代词时，形容词或else要后置： Xiaoming, he has something important to tell you. Can you find anyone else? -Everyone 的意思等同于everybody，只能指人；every one可指人也可指物，还可以和of短语连用： Id like everyone to be happy. Ive kept every one of her letters.11. decide 动词：决定。名词：decision. decide to do sth. 决定做某事。 decide not to do sth. decide = make up ones mind decide接从句： He decide to buy a new car.=He decided that he would buy a new car. 12. try的用法: 动词： try to do sth. 尽力做某事 try not to do sth. ：He is trying to draw a horse. try doing sth. 试着做某事。 : You should try taking more exercise. try ones best 尽某人最大努力。 Ill try my best to help him. try on 试穿。 Would you like to try this dress on? 名词： have a try. 13. feel like -感觉像是： My legs feel like cotton wool. -想做.: I dont feel like cooking. Lets eat out.14. wonder -接宾语从句： I wonder where you are tonight. -奇迹，奇观： The Great Wall is a man-made wonder. 15. What a difference a day makes! Difference 名词， different形容词， be different from: There are many differences between the twins. American English is significantly different from British English. 16. And because of the bad weather, we couldnt see anything below. because of “因为.,由于.”; Because +句子： We couldnt see anything below because the weather was bad. Because 作连词，用于引导原因状语从句或作why开头问句的答句，后跟句子。He is absent today because he is ill.Because of 为介词短语，后接名词，名词短语或代词等。He stayed in hospital because of his illness. 17. enough的用法： -enough形容词，常与for或不定式连用，修饰复数名词或不可数名词： Five men will be quite enough. He has enough money to buy a car. -enough与某些具有形容词意味的名词连用时，enough必须后置。且该名词通常不用冠词修饰。 I was fool (=foolish) enough to accept his offer. -enough 作副词：十分地；充分地。置于被修饰的形容词或副词后，后可接不定式或for, He didnt practice enough. She isnt good enough for (=to pass) the exam. Unit2 How often do you exercise?重点单词：Housework hardly once twice Internet full maybe least junk healthresult percent online although mindsuch die writer dentist almostnone less point 重点短语 how often fifteen percent hardly at least swing dance junk food how many such as less than fifteen percent go online be good for swing dance more than junk food Watch TV a lot of good habits such as go to the dentist less than重点句型 1. -What do you usually do on the weekends? -I always exercise. 2. They often help with housework. 3. -How often does he watch TV? -He hardly ever watches TV. 4. Forty-five percent exercise four to six time a week. 5. She says its good for my health. 6. Although many students like to watch sports, game shows are the most popular.语法：频率副词的用法。 1. How often do you exercise? How often , once a while偶尔；seldom很少；hardly几乎不； Once一次，twice两次，三次以上用“基数词+times”: six times, eight times. Exercise作名词时，既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词：表示“锻炼，运动”时，是不可数名词；表示一系列有规律的运动时作可数名词；表示“练习题”讲时，作可数名词。You should take more exercise.We do morning exercise every day. 2. Full: -完整的，满的： This basket is full. -be full of: “充满.的”： This basket is full of apples. -“吃饱了的”： I cant eat any more. Im full. 3. How come? 怎么了，为什么？ How come he got the job? How come you are late? 4. 频率副词的用法： A. 常用频率副词： Always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never. alwaysusuallyoftensometimesseldomnever -The sun always rises in the east. -I usually go to school by bike.-She often helps me with my English.-Sometimes they play football on Sunday afternoon.-He is seldom late for school. -Simon is never at home on Sundays. B.频率副词的位置：放在行为动词前，be动词，助动词或情态动词后。但是sometimes的位置较灵活，可以在句中，句首或句末。Often在否定句里习惯上放在句末，not.often可与seldom互换。Sometimes she gives some pocket money to her son.My father eats grapes sometimes. His father doesnt come back early often. =His father seldom comes back early. 5. She says its good for my health. be good for “对.有好处，对.有益处”： Reading books is good for you. be good at “擅长，善于” be good to “对.好” be good with “.和.相处得好”： Are you good with kids? 6. We found that only fifteen percent of our students exercise every day. Find意为“发现，发觉”： -接不定式： We have found him (to be) a dishonest person. I found it necessary to take a map while traveling.-接ing: They found her walking alone on the beach. -接从句： He found that some of the natives knew this language. Percent: 表示整体中的部份时，结构为“数词+percent of+名词”，意为“.当中的百分之.”，通常of后的名词是特指的，所以通常会带有定冠词或其它限定时（如his, her, these, those, Toms): Ten percent of the apples are bad. 如果OF后的名词只是表泛指意义，则名词前无需用定冠词： About 90 percent of most food is water. 7. at least 至少，反义词at most最多，至多： I study at least for 6 hours every day. 8. Although 虽然，尽管（不可与but一起用）： Although/Though she gave no sign, I was sure she had seen me. 正： Although/Though he is in poor health, he works hard. 正：He is in poor health, but he works hard. 误：Although he is in poor health, but he works hard. 9. Such“这样的，类似的” He is such a clever boy. such as 例如，像.这样： He knows five different languages, such as Chinese and Japanese. 10. Die“死亡”, 现在分词dying, 过去式died. Her grandma died at the age of 70. 形容词：dead; 名词：death. Die是短暂性动词，不能跟延续性时间连用. 如果是延续性时间则用形容词dead. 11. However但是, 使用时需用逗号隔开： Later, however, he made up his mind to go. 12. .but we were surprised that ninety percent of them use the Internet every day. Be surprised that从句Be surprised at sth. be surprised to do sth. To ones surprise 令某人惊奇的是. In surprise 惊奇地。13. Less than, more than. -more作little, many/much的比较级：He bought the book for less than $10. -more than修饰可数名词表示“不仅仅”： Hes more than a singer. Hes also a dancer. Unit3 Im more outgoing than my sister. 重点单词： Outgoing necessary better both loudly should Quietly saying hard-working reach competition Hand fantastic touch which fact Clearly break win laugh though Share talented loud share truly Care similar serious information 重点短语 which one in fact care about make sb. laugh Primary school be similar to as long as have fun the same as get better grades bring out share everything 重点句型 1.-Is Tom smarter than Sam? -No, he isnt. 2.-Are you as friendly as your sister? 3. For me, a good friend likes to do the same things as me. 4. I think a good friend makes me laugh. 语法: 形容词和副词的比较级。1. Im more outgoing than my sister. outgoing 比较级-more outgoing. 2. Loud, loudly, aloud. 作副词时：“大声地”，有时可互换。 Aloud重点在于“出声”（能被人吃见，但声音不一定很大). 常与read, think连用： The teacher always asks us to read aloud. Loud 多作形容词：He gave a loud laugh. Dont speak so loud. Loudly 多跟表示“喧闹，抱怨”的动词连用，可置于动词前或后，与quietly相对： He complained loudly. 3. win: 过去式和过去分词分别为：won, won. 现在分词为winning. Beat与win Beat为“打败，战胜”，后接比赛，战斗的对手，可以是人或者集体。 I can beat you at swimming. Win“打败，赢，战胜”，后接比赛，战斗，奖品，钱等，可以是事或物。 Which team do you think will win the basketball match this time? 4. Although与though: (不能与but连用，但可与副词yet连用) A. 作为连词although和though通常可以互换使用： Although/Though she smiled, she was angry. B. Although常放在从句的开头，而though可以出现在其它位置，当用来连接词语或短语时更为常用。 Wiser though poorer. 尽管穷一些却更有头脑。 C. 以下情况只用though: -与even连用though表强调，even though=even if “即使.也.”： Even if/though we could afford it, we wouldnt go abroad for our vacation. -当让步状语从句指某种假设情况时，用though，不用although。 Though all the world were against me, I should still hold to my opinion. -though可以独立用作副词，常放句末，意为“还是，仍然，可是，然而”： Its hard work. I enjoy it, though. though引导让步状语从句时，可以倒装，而although引导的从句则不能： Bravely though they fought, they had no chance of winning. 5. Practice a lot more 练得更多： More是much的比较级，在比较级前可加a lot, a little, much, a bit, still, even, far等可以用来修饰形容词或副词的比较级，表示程度，强调。(注意：比较级前不可用very, so, quite, too等词修饰) My room is a little smaller than than yours. Wuhan is much more beautiful than Huanggang. 6. Tara works as hard as Tina. As.as.“和.一样.”，表示同级比较，两个as间的形容词或副词用原级。The book is as interesting as that one. Not as/so.as. “前者不如后者.”：You are not as/so tall as Nancy=Nancy is taller than you. 7. 形容词比较级和最高级： 不规则变化： good/well-better bad/ill-worse many/much-more old-older/elder far-farther/further little-less 比较级中，所比较的前后两者必须是同种性质的事物，不能异类比较： His idea is newer than mine. (不能说“His idea is newer than me.”)-形容词比较级前可加much, a lot, a little, even, still, less等副词：He is even slower than before.-比较级的替代：为了避免重复，前一个比较项是不可数名词和某些可数名词单数，则后一个比较项用that代替；前一个比较项是可数名词复数，则后一个比较项用those代替。前一项是可数名词单数，则用one代替。 The climate of Kunming is better than that of Wuhan. The weather in Nanjing is warmer than that in Beijing in winter. The boy in your class are more active than those(=the boys) in our class. -get/become+.and+.: Beijing is becoming more and more beautiful. -the+比较级，the+比较级： The harder you study, the better you get. -more+形容词 与 less+形容词 以及 not so/as.as互换时，要注意前后比较对象要调换位置： Chinese is more important than English. =English is less important than Chinese. = English is not so important as Chinese. 8. Care, 名词“照顾，保护，小心” take care of=look after : She is so young that she cant take care of herself. take care not to do sth. 当心不要做某事： Take care not to change the film in the camera in the sunlight. 动词，“在乎，关心” She doesnt care much what happens to me. He failed in the exam, but he doesnt care at all. 9. Serious 形容词“严肃的，庄重的”， seriously 副词。 Dont worry. Your trouble is not serious. Hes in hospital. Im afraid hes seriously ill. 10. I think a good friend makes me laugh. make sb. do sth. : What makes you say that? laugh “笑，大笑” laugh at “嘲笑” 11. For me, a good friend likes to do the same things as me. the same.as. “与.相同”， as后可接从句。 He is not the same as he used to be. I have the same book as you have. the same.as中as不能换成like,可以说the same.that, 但是含义不同： This is the same pen as I bought yesterday. (不指同一支钢笔) This is the same pen that I bought yesterday. (指同一支钢笔) the same as“类似.”，as是连词，但它后面的句子常用省略形式：（注意：the same as前后互相比较的名词必须是同一类) Judys interest is the same as Rubys. Jack has the same personality as Larry. 12. Well, Mary and her best friend are both tall. both的用法： -both of the.: Both of the cats are asleep. -both 作形容词，修饰名词： Both children won prizes. (注意：不能说both of children但可以说both of the children) -在人称代词前一定要用both of,不能说both we或both us,但可以说us both, them both. Both of us like skating. I want both of them. -跟动词连用： 放在Be动词后： The children are both lovely. （感叹句或简略答语中，both应置至be之前): How beautiful they both are! 放在行为动词前： We both like watching TV. 放在实义动词前，助动词后： We have both studied acting. -单独使用: The brothers are good at playing basketball. Both will take part in the game. -both与not连用，表部份否定： Both the doors are not open. 两扇门并不都是开着的。 13. Im shy so its not easy for me to make friends. It is +形容词 +(for sb.)+ to do sth： it是形式主语，不定式是真正的主语。主语太长时，为了使句子平衡，习惯上把真正的主语放在后面，避免头重脚轻： Its not easy to learn a foreign language. It is +形容词 +(for sb.)+ to do sth=Its +形容词+that从句： Its better for you to live alone for some time.= It is better that you live alone for some time. 注意：句子中形容词如果是表示人的性格与品质的，如kind, good, nice, wrong等，for sb改为of. Its very kind of you to help me. 14. as long as theyre good. as long as只要，既然；引导从句。Im sure we are safe as long as (we are) in his care. As long as it doesnt rain we can go. as long as 与.一样长(久): This river is as long as that one. 15. be different from反义词为be the same as. 使用这两个短语时注意进行比较的两个事物必须一致。Their bedroom is different from ours. 16. bring out使显现，使表现出。Difficulties can bring out a persons best qualities. 艰难困苦方能显示出一个人的优秀品质。 17. Reach后可直接接地点名词表示到达某地。 另外，reach还可表示“达到某一年龄，数量或够得着某一高度”等。 18. In fact“其实，实际上”，一般位于句首，引出事实上的结论：In fact, I was the one who broke the glass. 19. Share,常与among, between,with搭配。Would you like to share your book with me? They want to share the money among them. 20. Similar: be similar to= be like.Your new haircut is similar to mine. 21. Information: 不可数名词，指过学习，阅读和观察而得到的情报消息，侧重于内容。There is much information in this book. News和Information:都是不可数名词，前面不可用具体数量或many形容，可用a piece of/a bit of, some/several pieces of. Unit4 Whats the best movie theater? 重点单词： comfortable service seat pretty screen magician close beautifully worst winner Cheaply prize choose everybody carefully Poor reporter seriously comfortably give worse crowded 重点短语 so far comfortable seats have.in common close to home big screens all kinds of radio stations be up to take.seriously play a role talented dancer