文献综述(高层混凝土框架结构).doc

Review of High-level Framework Structure 1 IntroductionWith the rapid development of high-rise buildings in our country, the reinforced concrete frame structure buildings are becoming more and more common. Compared with masonry structure, the bearing capacity of reinforced concrete structure is bigger ,and it has light weight and good seismic performance. It also has construction of high degree of industrialization; Compared with steel structures, the structure own advantages such as: a good overall, (2)big stiffness, small displacement, good comfort, excellent corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, good fire resistance, low cost, extensive material sources and convenient maintenance. As a result, the reinforced concrete structure in our country is one of commonly used structural type of high-level framework.2 The themeIn recent years, the development of reinforced concrete high-rise frame structures around the world is very fast, and is applied a lot. Reinforced concrete frame structure is composed of floor slab, beam, column and foundation. Main girder, column and foundation form the plane structure , and the plane frame form space structural system through continuous beam. When frame structure is applied in high-rise building, the main beam should be arranged in both direction which could form a two-way component to resist lateral force so that the structure could have a strong spatial integrity and can withstand lateral force of any direction. Frame structure has the advantages of flexible architecture plane layout and lively modelling which can form a larger space. And it is easy to satisfy the requirement of the multi-function. In the aspect of structural behavior, frame structure belongs to the flexible structure whose natural vibration period is longer and the earthquake reaction is small. If the structure is designed reasonably, it can has a better ductility performance. But its integral lateral stiffness is small. The action of lateral deformation is bigger under strong earthquakes which is easy to make filling wall crack and make other non-structural elements damage such as architectural decoration and glass curtain wall, etc. It Not merely endanger the personal safety and property but also makes restoration work and the cost of repairation very big after the earthquake. When the building has many layers or has large load, it requests the section size of frame column very large. If so, it will reduce the buildings usable area and bring inconvenience to office supplies or the decoration of furniture. So this kind of structure is generally used in non-seismic area or high-rise building with less floors in low intensity seismic area. In addition, the bearing capacity of frame structure is low. Its mechanical characteristics are similar to the vertical cantilever shear beams. When it is higher, the change of horizontal displacement will be slower. The high-rise frame are under large horizontal force in both the vertical and horizontal directions. The cast-in-place floor will work with beams, but not in the assembled monolithic structure. The frame structures wall is infilled wall, functioning as retaining and separation.The layout of beam or column grid system between High-rise frame structure and multilayer framework are similar. It also has to make the structure under reasonable forces and meet the production process and the plane layout of buildings. At the same time ,itd better be convenient to construct. Considering these points, the design of the construction scheme and selection becomes important. According to the different route of vertical load transmission, the layout scheme of bearing frame structure has several kinds:(1) Horizontal framework bearing solutions. The transverse frames are the main girders and the main floor load is borned mainly by the lateral frame. The lateral frame number are often less. The transverse girder arrangement is beneficial to enhance the lateral stiffness of the building. At the same time, it favors the building ventilation and lighting. But the girder cross section size is often large. When the building needs large space, the clearance will be small and not convenient to arrange vertical pipeline.(2) Longitudinal frame load-bearing schemes. The frame longitudinal beams are the main girders and the floor load is borned by the longitudinal frame beams. Because of the small size of beam section, it is advantageous to the equipment line and can obtain higher interior headroom. But the transverse stiffness of the building is poor, the depth is limited due to the slabs length scales at the same time.(3) Horizontal framework hybrid bearing. This scheme requires to arrange beams in both directions. the floors load is shared by by longitudinal and transverse frame beams. It has good work performance as a whole.Historical earthquake data shows that the damage of reinforced concrete frame structures nodes and the ends of the columns is relatively serious. There are several ductility design principles and relevant provisions must be satisfied in the earthquake-resistant design, such as strong column and weak beam, strong shear and weak bending, strong node, strong bottom of column and so on. The damage ways of high-rise reinforced concrete frame structures in China: the bending damage of frame column, shear, bending cracks; the inclined sections destruction of the frame beam, the destruction of normal section and anchor damage; The inclined cracks of the plates four corners and long cracks paralleled with beam; reinforced misallocation that lead to the destruction of the core area of the nodes.The reinforced concrete frame structure belongs to statically indeterminate structure owning multiple redundant constraints. The load effects are not only related to the loading size, but also material characteristics and geometrical structure components. The optimization design of reinforced concrete frame structure which is after the completion of the whole structural internal force analysis. According to the control internal force of each member, the cross sections of the beams and columns will be designed optimally. In order to satisfy the requirement of load effect , the geometrical characteristics of the various structures and reinforcement amount must be determined. And this will lead to change the geometrical characteristics and load characteristics of the original structure. The internal force distribution of the Optimized structure under the present load also have corresponding change according which a new round of optimization design will begin. Therefore, the optimization design of frame structure is actually an iterative, incremental optimization process. The calculation result is not always equivalent to the integral optimization design results, but it often could give satisfactory results of engineering practicability. Division of reinforced concrete frame structure optimization design methods steps are as follows:(1) the initial selection: based on the structural plane, elevation layout and the function of building design, the vertical load and horizontal load which loaded by structure and the power transmission line will be analyzed. And the construction factors will be considered. Types of frame beams and columns will be merged, and their cross sections will initially identified;(2) structural analysis: according to the actual geometric characteristics of structure, the vertical load and horizontal load which the structure bear will be calculated. According to the results of structure analysis, The control internal force of every kind of member will be determined;(3) design the section size optimally: according to each kind of control internal force of each component, optimization design will be done. The structure features and reinforcement optimization design results under the constraint condition will be done; (4) convergence judgment: we choose a smaller value which can satisfy the precision of engineering.Tthe convergence judgment will be done according to the small value. If the optimizing structure are the same with the original structure, the optimizing structure is convergent. Then the next step of judging feasibility can be continued, otherwise go back to step (2) to restart the structure analysis and optimization design;(5) feasibility judgment: the result of the optimization design will be analyzed ,and then check its availability. If overall analysis can satisfy requirements of the engineering design, the reinforcement and construction process will be done according to the scheme. And this will be the final optimal design results. Otherwise, we need to adjust the results according to the engineering experience and internal force until a solution is available.3 summaryThe frame structure has the characteristics of large space and its plane layout is flexible, which meet personalized requirement.Frame structure (residential, public building) will get a bigger development with the continuous development of society and the level of peoples material life. When we design high-rise frame structure, the designer shall, first of all, determine feasibility of structure scheme. We should take measures to solve the possible problems we may meet ahead of time. And all the results should be serious analyzed, judged, only then the results could be applied to practical engineering.Reference：1 Xu Rihui node construction of high-rise frame structure beam column notes, construction technology, 2009 (18): 1612 Liu Liwen. Construction technology in high-rise building frame column, beam and wall construction, 2009, (18)3 Chen Jie, the selection of high-rise building, Shanghai building materials, 2009 (5): 35-364 Zengyi, several problems should be noticed in design of Zhang Weichen multi-storey reinforced concrete frame structure. Science and technology for development, 2009 (5): 1975 Li Jianhao, a high-rise building structure optimization design of the decoration and building materials, 2007, (11): 5-66 He Weiming analysis, structure design of reinforced concrete high-rise building science and technology information, 2008 (31): 72-737 Yang Yaqi, Zhao Youyun. Construction of the reinforced concrete frame structure technology building science, 2009 (28): 478 Xu Jianping 1, Yan Jianfeng 2 multi-storey and high-rise seismic design of reinforced concret