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辅 导 讲 义教师谭嘉欣科目英语上课日期2014.04.06总共学时30学生张洁媚年级九年级上课时间08:00-10:00第几学时13-14类别基础#提高培优科组长签字教务主管签字校区主任签字一、教学目标1.学习并巩固数词和代词二、上课内容Step1:朗读一段短文Step2:重点固定搭配Step3:重点语法Step4:课堂练习三课后作业语法练习四、家长签名(本人确认:孩子已经完成“课后作业”) _一.朗读短文Be Grateful to Our ParentsSince we were born, many people help us a lot. We should be grateful to their kindness. But the ones we should show our greatest appreciation are our parents. From the first day we appear in their lives, they give us all their love and care, but never expect anything in return. As long as they are there, we do not feel any difficulties, because they are always in front of our shelter, preventing us from difficulties and danger. In order to make our lives better, learn better, they do everything they can to create the best conditions for us, but ignore their own needs. Therefore, we need to cherish parents love and repay their upbringing. We should treat them as they treat us. 感恩父母从我们出生的那天开始,许多人都帮助过我们。我们应该感谢他们的友好。但是,我们最应该感谢的人是我们的父母。从我们出现在他们生活中的那天开始,他们不求回报地给了我们所有的爱和关怀。只要有他们在,我们感觉不到任何的困难,因为他们总在我们的前方为我们遮风挡雨,把我们挡在困难和危险的后面。为了让我们生活得更好,学习得更好,他们竭尽所能得为我们创造最好的条件,却忽略了自己的需要。因此,我们要珍惜父母的深情,要报答父母的养育之恩,要如他们对待我们这般来回报父母。 二.重点固定搭配admit doing sth. 供认做某事 advise doing sth. 建议做某事 allow doing sth. 允许做某事 appreciate doing sth. 感谢做某事 avoid doing sth. 防止做某事 consider doing sth. 思索做某事 delay doing sth. 推延做某事 deny doing sth. 否认做某事 discuss doing sth. 讨论做某事 dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事 enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 escape doing sth. 逃脱做某事 excuse doing sth. 原谅做某事 fancy doing sth. 想象做某事 finish doing sth. 完成做某事 forbid doing sth. 制止做某事 forgive doing sth. 原谅做某事 give up doing sth. 保持做某事 imagine doing sth. 想象做某事 keep doing sth. 坚持做某事 mention doing sth. 提及做某事 mind doing sth. 介意做某事 miss doing sth. 错过做某事 pardon doing sth. 原谅做某事 permit doing sth. 允许做某事 practice doing sth. 练习做某事 prevent doing sth. 阻止做某事 put off doing sth. 推延做某事 report doing sth. 报告做某事 risk doing sth. 冒险做某事 stop doing sth. 中止做某事 understand doing sth. 了解做某事三.重点语法代词部分用来代替名词、名词短语或句子的词称为代词。代词可分为:人称代词、指示代词、疑问代词、反身代词和不定代词等。第一节 知识点概述一、人称代词人称 数格单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweare第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hesheithimherittheythem句子的成份例句作主语(代替上文中提到的人或物)Mrs. Suen is an English teacher. She teaches us geography.I cant read the story. It is written in Russian.作宾语(用宾格)直接宾语Let her play now.We often meet him at the school gate间接宾语Granny offered us fruit.The sun gives us light and heat.介词宾语Please sit between him and me. The teacher took good care of us.作表语 (用主格或宾格)Who is that?Its me.It was I whom you saw at the station.1 人称代词不仅仅指人,也可以指事或物。2 人称代词主格单数he, she和it的复数,都是they,宾格形式也相同,为them。3 第三人称的人称代词分阳性he(him),阴性she(her)和中性it(it),复数只有一个形式they(them),不分性别。4 选用什么人称代词,取决于所要代替的名词。在数和性上要与所代替的名词保持一致。二、物主代词物主代词是用来表示所有关系的,分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。形容词性物主代词放在名词前作定语,相当于形容词;名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,相当于名词,可以作主语、表语或宾语。物主代词形容词性数人称单数复数第一人称my 我的our 我们的第二人称your 你的your 你们的第三人称his 他的,her 她的,its 它的their 他们的物主代词名词性数人称单数复数第一人称mine 我的ours 我们的第二人称yours 你的yours 你们的第三人称his 他的,hers 她的,its 它的theirs 他们的物主代词的用法:(1)形容词性物主代词放在名词前作定语。例如:His pencil box is on the desk.This is our school.(2)名词性物主代词作名词用本身就相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,因此,后面不可再加名词。作主语:Richards school bag is blue and mine is black. 里查德的书包是蓝色的,我的书包是黑色的。(mine=my school bag)作表语:Its his. 这是他的(东西)。作宾语:He borrows your dictionary and you may borrow mine. 他借你的字典,你可以借我的。“of+名词性物主代词”可以放在名词后作定语,表示强调:He is a friend of mine. 他是我的一个朋友。注意:试比较下面两句句子:This is a photo of mine. 这是我的一张照片。(照片是我拥有的,但不一定照的是我本人)This is a photo of me. 这是一张我本人的照片。(照片上是我本人)三、反身代词反身代词用于所强调的动作与动作执行者的关系,强调主语或宾语为同一人或物。反身代词的形式:单数myself我自己yourself你自己himself他自己herself她自己itself它自己复数ourselves我们自己yourselves你们自己themselves他们自己反身代词的用法:句子成分例句宾语直接宾语My father taught himself Japanese.Please help yourselves to some fruit, everyone.介词宾语The twelve-year-old boy can take care of himself.Dont think too much of yourself.同位语主语同位语She taught Thomas Edison herself.The detective story itself is worth reading.宾语同位语 Li Ming, I want to ask for leave. Youd better ask the teacher herself / himself.表语同位语 Who is the man? It was Mr. Yang himself.表语Im not quite myself today itself. 今天我感到不舒服。四、指示代词(一)指示代词是具有指示概念的代词this 这; that 那; these 这些; those 那些; such 如此的; same 同样的(二)指示代词的用法(1)this、 that、 these、 those 在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。(2)such 一般在句子中作定语或主语。such “这样”,such a 这样一个,such as 像这样的。(3)same 可作定语、表语、主语和宾语。例如:1) That is our English teacher. (主语)2) This storybook is thicker than that one. (定语)3) I prefer this (these) to that (those). (宾语)4) What he like best is this/that? (表语)5) I have never read such an excited book. (定语)6) I like such sports as basketball and swimming. (定语)7) Such is our trip plan. (主语) (指上文提到过或刚说过的内容)。8) She wants the book and I want the same. (宾语)9) We were born on the same day. (定语)注意:1) this、 these 指空间上离说话人较近的人或物,可以与 here 连用;that、 those 指空间上离说话人 较远的人或物,可以与 there 连用。2) 打电话或其他场合,看得到的一方用 this 或 these. 反之用 that 或 those。3) such 作定语时,如名词前有不定冠词,则用 such a/an + 名词。4) 在 same 之前必须加冠词 the.。五、疑问代词疑问代词的用法:句子成分例句主语Who invited you to dinner? Whose is the best?Whats in the bag? Which of them will win the prize?宾语直接宾语Whom did you meet on your way home? What is she doing?Which do you want, the red one or the blue one?间接宾语Whom are you waiting for?From whom should we learn? What are you talking about?表语Who are those women? What are you?Whose is the new bike?定语Which class are you in? Whose report is this?What subjects do you study?注意:1Who 用于询问别人姓名,身份或关系。What 用于询问别人职业。2Which 指的物有范围限制,侧重于哪一个;What 指的物无范围限制,侧重于种类。3Whose 用于明确所有者,Whom 在口语中,whom 多为 who 代替。六、不定代词 不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫不定代词。常见的不定代词有all, both, each, every, some, any, many, much, (a)few, (a)little, one, ones, either, neither, other, another, no, none以及含有some-, any-, no-等的合成代词(如:anybody, something, no one)。这些不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词,在句子中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。但none和由some, any, no, every thing, -body, -one构成的复合不定代词(如somebody等)只能作主语、宾语和表语;而every和no只能作定语。不定代词的形式:不定代词词义复合形式说 明some一些(可数或不可数)Something 某物、某事someone 某人somebody 某人一般用于肯定句any一些,任何(可数或不可数)anything 任何事物anyone 任何人=anybody 多用于否定句,疑问句或条件状语从句中no没有,无nothing 无物nobody 无人no one 无一人修饰可数或不可数名词,复合形式只具有名词的作用every每个,所有的everything 每一个事物,一切everyone 每人=everybody 强调共性,词义和 all 相近all全体、所有的代替或修饰可数名词时,指两个以上的人或物,也可代替或修饰不可数名词。each每个强调个性,指两个或两个以上的人或物。few很少(可数) 表示否定a few一些,几个(可)表示否定little很少(不可数)表示否定a little一些(不可数)表示否定many很多(可数)_much很多(不可数)_both两个,两者都仅指两个人或物neither没有人或物仅指两个人或物none没有人或物指两个以上的人或物,当指可数名词时,谓语动词用单、复数都可以。either每个强调个性,指两个或两个以上的人或物。other(s)另一个(些)_another另一个,又一个相当于 an otherone一个(人或物)one 的复数形式是 ones不定代词的用法:1.不定代词可作主语,当作主语时,要明确这一不定代词究竟是单数还是复数,以确定它和谓语动词在人和数的一致。2.不定代词还可作定语,当作定语时,应该注意其所修饰的名词是可数还是不可数,以确定这个名词用单数还是复数。例题选讲例1We should learn to get on well with ( ) AotherBothersCthe otherDthe others例2Would you like some coffee? Yes, just ( )Aa littleBlittleCa fewDfew例3( )of the students passed the examThey all failedANeitherBNoneCBothDAll例4Let Lin Tao do it by( ), He is no longer a kidAhimBhisChimselfDhe例5-Why dont we take a little break-Didnt we just have( )?AitBthatConeDthis例6( ) leaves the classroom last ought to turn off the lights.AAnyoneBThe personCWhoeverDWho数词部分掌握分数、时间、日期的表达法。 【复习要点】 (一)基数词 基数词用来表示数目,或者说表示数量的词叫基数词。最基本的基数词如下表所示。 1 one 11 eleven 100 a hundred 2 two 12 twelve 20 twenty 1000 a thousand 3 three 13 thirteen 30 thirty 1,000,000 a million 4 four 14 fourteen 40 forty 10,000,000 ten million 5 five 15 fifteen 50 fifty 100,000,000 a hundred million 6 six 16 sixteen 60 sixty 1,000,000,000 a billion 7 seven 17 seventeen 70 seventy 8 eight 18 eighteen 80 eighty 9 nine 19 nineteen 90 ninety 10 ten 说明: 11319是由个位数加后缀-teen构成。注意其中13、15的拼写是thirteen和fifteen。 22090由个位数加后缀-ty构成,注意其中2050的拼写分别是twenty, thirty, forty 和fifty;80的拼写是eighty。 3其它非整十的两位数2199是由整十位数加连字符“-”,再加个位数构成。如: 81 eighty-one。 4101999的基数词先写百位数,后加and再写十位数和个位数。如: 691 six hundred and ninety-one。 51000以上的基数词先写千位数,后写百位数,再加and,最后写十位数和个位数。 如:5893 five thousand eight hundred and ninety-three。 在基数词中只有表示“百”、“千”的单位词,没有单独表示“万”、“亿”的单位词,而是用thousand(千)和million(百万)来表达,其换算关系为:1万=10 thousand;1亿=100 million; 10亿=a thousand million=a billion。 6多位数的读法: 1)1000以上的多位数,要使用计数间隔或逗号“,”。即从个位起,每隔三位加一个间隔或逗号。第一个间隔或逗号前是thousand(千),第二个间隔或逗号前是million(百万),第三个间隔或逗号前是a thousand million或a billion(十亿)。 2)每隔三位分段以后就都成了101999。读的时候十位数(或个位数)的前面一般要加and。如: 888,000,000读作:eight hundred and eighty-eight million。基数词的用法:1. 基数词在句中的作用 基数词的作用相当于名词和形容词,在句中可作定语、主语、宾语(介宾)、表语、同位语等。 例如: Three and five is eight. 3+5=8 (作表语)How many oranges do you want?你要多少桔子? I want eight. 我要八个。 (作宾语)There are eight boats in the lake. 湖里有八条小船。(作定语) 2Hundred, thousand, million, dozen, score这些词前面如有表示具体数字的词,它们不能加 “s”,反之则须加 “s”, 并要与of短语连用。例如: three hundred people, five thousand years; thousands of people, hundreds of students, thousands of trees(二)序数词 表示顺序的词,叫序数词。序数词用来表示数词顺序。除特殊情况外,序数词一般都由相应的基数词加后缀-th构成。 请见下表: 第一到第十 第十一到第十九 第二十以上 first eleventh twentieth second twelfth thirtieth third thirteenth fortieth fourth fourteenth fiftieth fifth fifteenth sixtieth sixth sixteenth seventieth seventh seventeenth eightieth eighth eighteenth ninetieth ninth nineteenth hundredth tenth thousandth 说明: 1英语中表示第一、第二、第三的序数词属特殊形式,要注意它们的拼写。 2表示“几十”的序数词通常是将基数词词尾y变成i再加上后缀-eth。 3其余的二位数序数词是以相应的整十基数词加个位序数词。如:fifty-first(第五十一)。 4少数序数词拼法不规则,如:fifth(第五),eighth(第八),ninth(第九),twelfth(第十二)等。 注意: 1序数词可缩写为阿拉伯数字加序数词最后两个字母。 例如: 第一:(the) first=1st 第二:(the) second=2nd 第三:(the) third=3rd 第五:(the) fifth=5th第九十七:(the) ninety-seventh=97th 第一百零一:(the) one hundred (and)first=101st2编了号的事物要用基数词表示顺序,但是基数词要后置。 例如: 第一课:Lesson One 第三十二页:Page 32 第305房间:Room 305 第12路公共汽车:Bas No.12 序数词的用法 序数词表顺序,主要作定语,其前面须加上定冠词the,此外,也作主语、宾语、表语和定语等,这时,被它所修饰的名词往往被省略。如:The first ( person ) to arrive is Kate.例如: The first is bigger than the second. (作主语)第一个比第二个大。Give me the first. (作宾语)把第一个给我。 Shes often the first to go to school. (作表语)她经常第一个去上学。 Were going to learn the eighth lesson. (作定语)我们将要学习第八课。 (三)分数表达法先写基数词表示分子,后写序数词表示分母,如果分子大于1时,分母用复数。如:one-fourth, two-fifths, three-tenths(四)小数表达法小数点前的整数按基数词的规则表示,小数点写作point, 小数后的数字应按其数字直接表示出来。如:18.38可写成:eighteen point three eight。注意:小数在句中常作定语,尤其在比较方式状语从句中被使用。如:This stone is 3.5 times heavier than that one.(五)百分数表达法 (根据学生情况选择使用)在数词后加percent。例如: 15%读作:fifteen percent;60%读作:sixty percent (六)表示语数 (根据学生情况选择使用)1)几倍大小(长短,数量)=几倍(或分数)+the size(length, amount)。 例如:The earth is forty-nine times the size of the moon. 地球是月球的49倍。 2)比几倍=倍数(或分数)+形容词(副词)比较级+than+被比部分。 例如:His house is three times bigger than mine. 他的房子比我的房子大三倍。 3)是倍=倍数(或分数)+as +形容词+as +被比部分。 例如: This factory is four times as big as that one. 这个工厂是那个工厂的四倍。 (七)表示约数 (根据学生情况选择使用)1)“多于”用more than或over。 例如:The street is over(more than) 500 metres long. 这条街有500多米长。 2)“小于”用less than。 例如:Three are less than 30 people in the classroom. 教室里不到三十人。 3)“或以上”用or more。 例如:The building can hold 5000 people or more. 那座建筑物可容纳5000人或5000人以上。 4)“或以下”用or less。 例如:We can finish the work in two weeks or less. 我们可以在两周内或不到两周完成这件工作。 5)“大约”用about, around, nearly等。 例如:The box weighs about 50 pounds. 这箱子重约50镑。6)“左右”用or so. 如:In the past ten years or so, they have changed a lot. 在过去的十年里,他们改变了许多。 (八)年、月、日和时间的表达法 1年份用基数词表达,分两位一读,年份前用介词in。例如: 1999 nineteen ninety-nine 2000 two thousand 2001 two thousand and one 2月份的第一个字母要大写,有些月份名称有缩写形式。例如: 一月January(Jan.), 二月February(Feb.), 三月March(Mar.), 四月(Apr.),五月May, 六月June, 七月July, 八月August(Aug.),九月September(Sep.), 十月October(Oct.), 十一月November(Nov.), 十二月December(Dec.)。 3日期的表达要用序数词,读时前面要加定冠词the,介词要使用on。 例如:在6月1日:on June 1st 读作:on June the first. 年、月、日同时表达时,一般应先写月、日、后写年。如:在2001年5月4日:on May 4 th, 2001。 4年代用基数词的复数表示。 例如:20世纪90年代:nineteen nineties;21世纪20年代:twenty twenties 5时间表达法:时间可用顺读法或倒读法两种方式表达。例如: 5:00 five (oclock) 6:18 six eighteen或 eighteen past six 12:15 twelve fifteen 或fifteen (a quarter) past twelve 4:30 four thirty或 half past four 6:45 six forty-five a quarter to seven 注意: 1)表示整点时间,直接用基数词表达,后边可接oclock (也可不加)。表达“几点几分”时,绝不能用oclock。 2)表达“15分”或“45分”时,常用quarter(刻)。 3)在倒读法中,如果钟点不过半,须用“分钟数+past+钟点数”的形式;如果钟点过半,则用“差多少分钟数+to+全钟点(下个钟点数)”的形式。 两组与数词有关的介词短语: in+定冠词the+数词的复数形式,表示年代。如:in the 1870s或1870s in+物主代词+数词的复数形式,表示某人的年龄。如:in ones thirties。有时在物主代词后面可加上形容词early或late使其含义更确切些。如:The young man is at most in his early thirties.注意:带有数词的名词作定语的表达:a seven-year-old boy,a hundred-metre race 课后作业单项选择( ) 1. Students are usually interested in sports. Some like running, some like swimming, _ like ball games. A. the others B. others C. the other D. other ( ) 2. _ of the two girls is from Beijing. A. All B. Both C. None D. Neither ( ) 3. The weather in summer here is like _ in Beijing. A. this B. that C. it D. its ( ) 4. The room on the right is _. A. her B. she C. Lucys D. Lucy ( ) 5. Where are the students? Are they in _? A. the Room 406 B. Room 406 C. the 406 Room D. 406 Room ( ) 6. There are _ people in the factory now. A. thousand of B. two thousands C. thousands of D. thousand ( ) 7. The man over there is my brother. _ is a doctor. A. She B. He C. Hers D. His ( ) 8. I have two cats. One is black, and _ is white. A. another B. some C. other D. the other ( ) 9. Im looking for a babysister (保姆). She must be _ too old _ too young. A. neither; nor B. both; and C. either; or D. not only; but also ( ) 10. Whats in your car? - _. A. No one B. Nothing C. Nobody D. None ( ) 11. There are quite a few old books on the shelf, but _ of them is useful to him. A. both B. all C. neither D. none ( ) 12. Ive had enough bread. Would you like _? -No, thanks. A. a few more B. one more C. another more D. some more ( ) 13. The film star is going to spend _ dollars on a new dress for the coming party. A. three thousands B. thousands of C. thousand of D. three thousands of ( ) 14. Did Eric buy any vegetables in the market? - No, he didnt, but he thought _ fish. A. no B. any C. some D. both ( ) 15. It is said that SARS has killed more than _ people worldwide. A. three hundreds B. three hundreds C. three hundreds D. three hundred ( ) 16. If you want a ticket for a round-trip, sir, youll have to pay _ $8o. A. another B. other C. each D. more ( ) 17. The place is not interesting at all. _ of us wants to go there. A. Neither B. Both C. All D. Some ( ) 18. Both of the two rulers are broken. I want to buy a _one. A. three B. third C. forth D. / ( ) 19. I heard the sports meeting has been put off until _, hasnt it?A. the 3 and 4 B. the 3th and 4th C. the 3 rd and 4th D. four and five ( ) 20. _ of the earth _ made up of oceans. A. Two-third; is B. Two-thirds; is C. Two-third; are D. Two-thirds; are ( ) 21. Most of us dont know _ about how life is formed. A. many B. little C. few D. much ( ) 22. Is this short-wave radio _? -No. it belongs to _. A. yours; me B. yours; his C. her; him D. yours; her ( ) 23. Have you got any books on music? I want to borrow _. -Yes. You can find them on the top shelf of the second bookcase. A. it B. any C. one D. them ( ) 24. Have you read the paper? -Yes, but I dont think theres _ new in it. A. something B. nothing C. anything D. everything ( ) 25. Since 1964, _ satellites have been sent into space. A. dozens of B. four dozens C. dozen of D. several dozens ( ) 26. _ of the two boys are clever enough to work out the problem. A. Either B. Both C. Some D. Many ( ) 27. Who has been to Hawaii? - _ has. A. No one B. I C. All of us D. None ( ) 28. Jack Booth is a _ man. A. 21-years-old B. 21 years old C. 21-year-old D. 21 year old ( ) 29. Ive lived here for about _. A
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