湖南大学研究生基础英语期末考试资料整理.doc

考试范围：1. 完形2篇课后、课外各一篇每篇10分共20分2. 阅读理解四篇（课外）40 分3. 汉译英5*24. 英译汉课后练习一个段落，课文中一个段落5*25. 写作（summary）20分三、汉译英Unit11.当今的大学生，尽管他们努力地使自己成才，但对未来还是很模糊。Todays students are struggling to establish themselves, but they still have ambiguous feelings about their future.2.一个人如果不能找到自我以外的中心，就不能实现他的自我价值。所以，理想的本科教育必须使学生超越自我。A man cannot find his value without finding a center beyond him. So the idealistic undergraduate experience must help students transcend himself.3.我们强烈的希望在大学所学到的知识在今后的工作与学习中能起到重要的作用。We eagerly hope that the lessons learned in the university will reveal themselves in our performance in the workplace and further education.4.四年的本科学习是走向成功生活的唯一道路，这种说法是无法接受的。It cannot go unchallenged to say that the 4-year undergraduate experience is the only path to success life.5.在对一个关键的问题作出结论，如果只相信专家而不相信自己，不根据调查的结果，不根据实验的数据，那是在冒险。We run the risk of making critical decisions, not on the basis of what we kwon the findings of investigations, and the data of experiments, but on the basis of blind faith in professed experts.6.我们的事业需要一批受过良好教育又能关心他人的年轻人，他们能团结一致相互学习，积极参加四化建设。Our task needs a large group of well-informed caring young people who can band together, learn from each other, and actively participate in the four modernizations.7.如果这所新学校要有生命力的话它培养的学生不仅要有扎实的基础和熟练的专业技能还要有奉献精神。If it is to endure, the new school should help the students not only acquire a solid basic education and become component in a specific field, but also be ready to commit themselves to others.8.如果大学生对考试过于投入，就有可能把能力与奉献放到次要的地位，这样说一点也不过分。It is not too much to say that if undergraduates excessively devote themselves to examinations they will push competence and commitment to the fringes.9.我甚至没有跟他说话，当然更不用说与他讨论有关你们学校的改建问题。I didnt even speak to him, much less discuss the reconstruction of your school with him.10.有人认为考试是很重要的，但也有人认为考试有不少弊端。所以考试留下了一个未能解决的问题考试对教育有什么影响。Some people think examinations are second to none, but some think examinations have a lot of disadvantages. Examinations leaves a open essential question- what influence do examinations exert on education.阿诺德.汤恩比说过，一切进步，一切发展均来自于挑战及由此引起的反应。没有挑战就没有反应，没有发展，没有自由。所以，我们首先应该在我们孩子能力所允许的范围内为他们开设最严格，最富有挑战性的课程。我们可以向我们的孩子提供的第二个机会是允许他们有失败的权利。德.纽伊写到：“自由自由不仅是一种特权，也是一种考验。”如果没有人可以失败，那它算什么考验，算什么自由呢？美国可以向所有在高中读完四年课程而不管其是否取得任何收获的学生发放毕业文凭的日子已经一去不复返了。我们现在生活在一个越来越小的世界里，我们必须对现实保持清醒的认识，而现实主义要求树立一个要么成功要么失败的标准。这些话听起来很刺耳，但是都是残酷的事实。如果我们剥夺了孩子失败的权力，实际上我们就剥夺了他们如实地认识世界的机会。Unit21.他不但是位出色的银行家和公认的贸易专家，而且还是位经验丰富的企业管理家。He is an experienced banker and an acknowledged trade expert, not to mention an excellent managing director.2.意大利的一个和平组织的志愿者不顾危险，已经开赴伊拉克首都巴格达，组成“人体盾牌”，以阻止美国轰炸该地。Regardless of danger, volunteers from an Italian organization for pace have gone to Baghad, the capital of Iraq, to form a “body shield” for the purpose of preventing the U.S. from bombing the place.3.在这个家庭里，没有人比茱蒂能更致力于经营房地产生意。Nobody in the family is more dedicated to operating the real estate business than Judy.4.由于经济不太景气，房地产经纪人正处于降低房价或减少销量的两难境地。Because of the economic depression, real estate agents are in the dilemma of whether to lower price or let sales fall off5.史密斯先生往往靠慎重的投资而获取巨额利润.More often than not, Mr.Smith earns great profits by careful investment of his capital.6.约翰在学校里各门功课的成绩都不怎么样，但在体育方面倒是身手不凡。John did not make much of a mark in his studies, but he excelled at sports.7.有条不紊的职责交接是家庭企业长期繁荣的一个条件。Orderly transition of responsibilities is a condition for long-range prosperity of a family business.8.在制定投资计划之前，你最好对投资前景有个清楚的了解。You had better have a clear picture of the prospects before formulating a plan for investment.9.尽管雕塑费时，但是仍有一些人以雕塑为职业。Although sculpture is a time-consuming art, but there are still some people follow it as a profession.10.这家电脑软件公司正处于从独资经营到合资经营的转化过程中.The software company is in the midst of being transformed from an individual proprietorship to a joint venture.业主不仅进取心强而且精力充沛，他们往往擅长于多种技能，在很多情况下，他们既是生产专家，又是营销天才或经验丰富的金融家。要接替他们工作需要较多的人。因此，家庭企业的业主应当通过制定组织机构图来明确规定企业该怎样运作。参与交接过程的每个主要成员也应当制定他们自己的组织机构图。然后对他们进行比较。各机构之间的不同点将表明管理体制上的差异，存在误会的主要方面及观念上的分歧。没有忠心耿耿的雇员，很少有企业能发展壮大，即便是家庭企业也是如此。这些尽职的雇员多半担任了主要的管理职务。务必让雇员了解公司长远的交接计划，而主要的企业管理人员必须清楚的知道他们在产业交接管理机构中的职责。改进企业的劳保福利制度以吸引和留住主要部门的经理，激发他们的积极性，使他们能够为企业和业主的最大利益而工作。Unit 31.汽车诞生后发展很快，不久就替代了嘛。The automobile improved very rapidly after it was invited and soon displaced horses.2.由于汽车污染环境并严重伤害人体，甚至杀人，我们可能不得不削减私人拥有汽车的数量而更多的依赖公共交通系统。We have to cut down on the number of privately owned cars and depend more on mass transit systems because cars pollute and maim or even kill people.3.汽车轮子给我们带来更好、更为便利的交通时，它也应对诸如空气污染，交通拥挤之类的许多问题负责。While wheels(automobiles) have brought with them better or more convenient transportation, they are guilty of many sins, such as air pollution, traffic accidents and traffic congestions.4.美国人对汽车的热爱以及他们较大的工作流动性是出了名的。Americans are noted for their love for cars and great job mobility.5.要是燃料质量和效率的提高和技术的进步能大大减少汽车的排放量，那该多好啊。If only advances in fuel quality and efficiency and in technology would radically reduce the emissions from automobiles.6.在美国，高度发达的公路网使在各地间来来往往成为可能。A highly developed highway network has made possible the easy movement from coast to coast in the United States.7.一想到这条林荫大道的建设速度，参观者都感到很吃惊：这条路不久前还在铺设开挖及铺设排水管。The very thought of the speed at which the beautiful avenue was constructed electrified every visitor; the road had only recently been torn up to lay drain-pipes not long ago.8.环保主义者严厉谴责了汽车，认为汽车是产生空气污染的主要因素。Environmentalists have denounced automobiles, believing they are a major factor in the production of dirty air.9.由于有便利的公共交通，在大都市的郊区，许多新建住宅群拔地而起。Many new residential complexes have risen up in the suburbs of metropolitan cites because of convenient public transportation.10.尽管非常喜欢汽车，许多人还是相信广泛的使用公共交通系统能缓解交通拥挤。Despite their love for cars, many people lend credence to the extensive use of public transport system, which can cut down on traffic congestion.在历史上，吉普车以其能适应各种路况的出众性能而著称于世。这种美名可以追溯到二战期间，当时由威利斯公司提供的最初型号的吉普车载着盟军部队驰骋于太平洋沿岸及欧洲战场。一书认为，“吉普”这个名字起源于美国军队决定把这种车辆叫做GP（for General Purpose）即多功能车之意。而后，GP 这两个字母的读音被误发成为“吉普”，并成为威利斯公司享有的商标名称。1988 年吉普为克莱斯勒公司所有，此后该公司投了大量资金更新改造吉普车的生产设备，提高吉普车的产量并开发各种新车型应市。克莱斯勒公司称吉普车在战争年代享有的盛名以及其坚固耐用的形象无疑会有助于它在和平时期树立其作为休闲娱乐车的新形象。该公司说，吉普为休闲，越野车开发了新市场，它有强劲的4 轮牵引装置（商业上称为4 轮驱动），过去军用吉普车曾因此而享誉四方。Unit 41.一些职业观察家认为，现在的年轻人不再对政治和事业感兴趣，他们越来越关注与他们自身关系更为密切的问题。Some professional observers believe that young people today are no longer interested in politics and causes, but rather, have become increasingly preoccupied with issues closer to themselves.2.一个妇女所获得的教育程度越高，就越有可能走出小家庭这个环境到社会上去实现自我。The higher a womans education attainment the more likely she is to go out of the private setting of the nuclear family and to realize herself in the community.3.就我而言，一些已婚夫妇作出选择不要小孩的真正原因是他们非常自恋，以致于他们没有多余的爱给别人。As far as I concerned, what real lies behind the decision of some married couples is that they are so narcissistic and have no margin love to spare others.4.这家公司在未征求发明人同意的情况下，就将一项未注册过的新发明投放市场，这一行为违反了专利法。The company put on the market a registered invention even without asking the inventors permission, which goes against the patent law.5.在一些国家的敦促下，联合国对该国施加压力，迫使其放弃研制和使用核武器。Urged by some other countries, the United Nations has pressured the country to give up developing and using nuclear weapons.6.按照每个会员必须是无子女的这一规定，怀特先生及其太太只好退出Non-Parent 协会，因为他们很快就要当父母了。According to the rule that every member should remain childless, Mr. and Ms. White have no alternative but to withdraw from Non-Parent Association, for they will attain parenthood soon.7.他期望通过上演一部肥皂剧来揭示现实生活的复杂性。He excepts to reveal, by presenting a soap opera, the complexity implicit in real life.8.几乎在每个国家，嗜用麻醉品、酗酒和摧残儿童都有变为最令人深思的社会问题的趋势。In virtually every country, drug abuse, alcohol abuse and child abuse looms as most challenging social problems.9.在接受采访时，这些老年人合理的解释了为什么会对当今青年人产生矛盾心理的原因。When interviewed, these elderly people rationalized they were ambivalent about todays young people.10.不少大学生更关心怎样在毕业后谋得一份报酬优厚的工作，怎样在这个充满竞争的社会里迅速得到提升。Many college students are far more concerned with how to get a highly-paid job on graduation and how to receive a quick promotion in the competitive society.A.一些观察家提出，我们正在看到的这种现象根本就不是什么重大变化，或许它和性革命一样，不是人们行为上的而是表达方式上的一种剧变。一位住在康涅狄格州的精神分析学家说，“也许，一直就有那么一群与众不同的人存着。只不过他们现在从隐蔽外走了出来，公开表明了他们的观点，就像同性恋者那样。我们这一时代的潮流就是干你想干的事而不是加以掩饰。这些人身上所反映的不是什么变革而是人们现在越来越坦率直言的这样一个现象。B.在最近几十年的时间里，人们渐渐地明白了一个事实，那就是：为数不多的妇女已不再接受并愿意扮演深居简出的传统母亲角色。许多人认为家庭的重要性正日益消失。妇女受教育程度的提高是造成这一文化的重要因素。如今，百分之八十的妇女完成了四年制的高中学习。而在1940 年，完成这一阶段学习的妇女仅占百分之三十。这与现在美国妇女平均晚一年结婚有关。二十岁至二十四岁未婚者从1960 年的28%上升到20 世纪70 年代的40%。人们推迟了生儿育女的时间，只有不到10%的妇女是在结婚后两年内生孩子。除此之外，越来越多的妇女不想要孩子。工作、晚婚、不要孩子是近年来妇女作用发生变化的主要表现。Unit 5 1.总的来说人们变得越来越有同情心；不少家庭收养了来自孤儿院的孤儿。Generally, people become more and more compassionate, and quite a few families have taken in an orphan from the municipal orphanage.2.一个有工作的妇女既要照顾她的孩子和老人，又要设法保有这份工作，是一件非常困难的事情。It is a demanding task for a working woman to look after her parents and her children while holding down a job.3.起先我们对他们初次在在异国他乡生活感到担忧，但是结果他们在那个国家生活得相当不错。At first we were worried about their first stay in a foreign country, but things there worked out much better for them.4.今天，中年人的孩子比他们父母的孩子要少得多，40年后老年问题可能成为他们孩子的沉重负担。Todays middle aged people have fewer children than their parents did, and the aging population problem may weigh on them in about 40 years.5.希望目前的教育改革能为学生更好地迎接社会的挑战做好准备。It is hoped that the current inform in education will better set students up to meet the challenge from the society.6.政府想把一部分健康护理的负担转嫁给个人；但是家庭成员并不是总有空的，因为他们不能离开工作来照顾生病的老人。The government intends to transfer some of the health burden to the individual family; but family members are not always available for the task because they cannot break away from their job to look after the sick elderly.7.对养老院床位的需求越来越大，我们不得不想尽一切办法腾出床位。There is an increasing demand for beds in the nursing home, and we have to try every possible means to free them up.8.随着该国老年人的日益增多，为医疗保障和养老金提供资金可能使政府感到恐惧。With the increase of elderly population in this country, financing health care and pensions could scare the devil out of government.9这对年轻夫妇不得不做出牺牲，以避免使他们年迈的慈父伤心。The young couples have to make some sacrifice to avoid letting their old beloved f