广东省东莞市南开实验学校高考英语二轮复习 名师知识点总结 动词时态和语态.doc

广东省东莞市南开实验学校2014高考英语二轮复习名师知识点总结：动词时态和语态动词的时态和语态是历年高考英语测试的重中之重，一般占12道题。命题思路有三：一是直接给出标志性时间状语，考生能依据所给时间状语作出选择;二是给出时间状语，但所给时间状语有着较强的干扰性，考生不能直接根据时间状语作出选择，需要结合语境判断;三是没有任何时间状语，需要借助于上下文语境，才能作出正确判断。一?识别标志词如果题干中有标志性的时间状语,则往往可以根据时间状语选择相应的时态?例more than a dozen students in that school _ abroad to study medicine last year.a. sent b. were sentc. had sentd. had been sent解析 此题有明显的时间标志词last year,提示我们应该使用一般过去时;句中的主语students是被送的对象,应该使用被动语态?答案为b?动词的时态一般都有其相应的时间状语,请同学们熟记下列8种常用时态所对应的时间状语?(1)一般现在时:often, always, usually, seldom, now, every day等?(2)一般过去时:then, yesterday, last week, after that, ago, in the following/next few months等?(3)现在进行时:now, right now, at present, at this moment, these days等?(4)过去进行时:then, at that time, at this time yesterday等?(5)现在完成时: recently, lately, up to/till now, so far, in the past/last few months/years, for+一段时间, since + 一点时间等?(6)过去完成时:before, by the end of last month/years等?(7)一般将来时:tomorrow, today, next week/month, in an hour, in the coming/following few weeks等?(8)过去将来时:the following month, the next week等?命题角度及对策高考测试动词时态须与句中时间状语一致时,常在题干中加入具体情景,以测试考生对动词时态知识的实际运用能力?敏锐捕捉时间标志词,并结合具体的语境,选择出正确的动词时态,是解决此类问题的良策?二?主从时态须呼应如果所给题干是主从复合句,可根据主从句时态呼应的原则选出正确的时态?命题角度及对策近年来高考考查主从句的时态呼应时,常放在真实的并且符合实际的语境中进行考查?在根据时态呼应原则解题时,要把握好以下几点:(1)在时间?条件等状语从句中,用一般现在时表示一般将来时,一般过去时表示过去将来时,用现在完成时表示将来完成时?(2)正确认定主句动词及从句动词两个动作发生的时间,并认真体会命题者所给出的语境?(3)解答宾语从句与主句时态呼应题时,考生应熟知以下规则:主句动词为现在时,则从句动词可根据需要使用任何时态;主句动词为过去时,则从句动词须用恰当的过去的某种时态(表示客观真理时使用一般现在时)?三?仔细体会语境近年来高考试题对时态语态考查的要求越来越高,大部分试题趋向情境化?实际化?因此,仔细体会所给语境,根据具体语境选择合适的时态是考生需要重点解决的问题?例：do you think we should accept that offer?yes，we should，for we_ such bad luck up till now，and time_ out.a. have had;is runningb. had;is runningc. have;has been rund. have had;has been run【答案解析】 a。由时间标志词up till now知道，动作是从过去延续到现在，所以第一空要用现在完成时;而根据语境可知时间快要耗光了，所以第二空要用进行时表将来。can you tell me the timetable of the_school bus?well, the bus_here for the _campus at 7:00 a.m.a.will leave b.leftc.is leaving d.leaves【答案解析】 d。考查时态，“校班车的时间表”是规定好的事情，表示一般性动作用一般现在时。【精选试题】 名校模拟题及其答案1. whats that terrible noise ? the neighbors _ for a party.a. have prepared b. are preparing c. prepare d. will prepare2. now that she is out of a job, lucy _ going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet.a. had considered b. has been consideringc. has been completed d. is going to consider3. the mayor of beijing says that all construction work for the beijing olympics _ by 2006.a. has been completed b. has completedc. will have been completed d. will have completed4. selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly.a. is changing b. has changedc. will have changed d. will change5. i _ ping pong quite well, but i havent had time to play since the new year.a. played b. will play c. have played d. play6. visitors _ not to touch the exhibits.a. will request b. request c. are requesting d. are requested7. john and i _ friends for eight years. we first got to know each other at a christmas party. but we _ each other a couple of times before that.a. had been; have seen b. have been; have seenc. had been; had seen d. have been; had seen8. this is teds photo. we miss him a lot. he _ trying to save a child in the earthquake.a. killed b. is killed c. was killed d. was killing9. how are the team playing ? they are playing well, but one of them _ hurt.a. got b. gets c. are d. were10. you havent said a word about my new coua, brenda. do you like it ? im sorry, i _ anything about it sooner. i certainly think its pretty on you.a. wasnt saying b. dont say c. wont say d. didnt say11. i wonder why jenny _ us recently. we should have heard from her by now.a. hasnt written b. doesnt write c. wont write d. hadnt written12. my uncle _ until he was forty five.a. married b. didnt marry c. was not marrying d. would marry13. when will you come to see me, dad ? i will go to see you when you _ the training course.a. will have finished b. will finish c. are finishing d. finish14. how long _ at this job ? since 1990a. were you cmployed b. have you been employedc. had you been employed d. will you be employed15. with the rapid growth of population, the city _ in all directions in the past five years.a. spreads b. has spread c. spread d. had spread16. the silence of the library _ only by the sound of pages being turned over.a. has been broken b. breaks c. broke d. was broken17. all morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness _.a. has grown b. is growing c. grew d. had grown18. why dont you put the meat in the fridge ? it will _ fresh for several days.a. be stayed b. stay c. be staying d. have stayed19. sorry, joe, i didnt mean to dont call me “joe”. im mr parker to you, and _ you forget it !a. do b. didnt c. did d. dont20. at this time tomorrow _ over the atlantic.a. were going to fly b. well be flying c. well fly d. were to fly21. the news came as no surprise to me. i _ for some time that the factory was going to shut down.a. had known b. knew c. have known d. know22. i thought jim would say something about his school report, but he _ it.a. doesnt mention b. hadnt mentioned c. didnt mention d. hasnt mentioned23. no one in the department but tom and i _ that the director is going to resign.a. knows b. know c. have known d. am to know24. although he has lived with us for years, he _ us much impression.a. hadnt left b. didnt leave c. doesnt leave d. hasnt left25. how can you possibly miss the news ? it _ on tv all day long.a. has been b. bad been c. was d. will be26. sorry to have interrupted you. please go on. where was i ? you _ you didnt like your fathers job.a. had said b. said c. were saying d. had been saying27. i arrived late; i _ the road to be so iey.a. wouldnt expect b. havent expected c. hadnt expected d. wasnt expecting28. i _ while reading the english textbook. luckily, my roommate woke me up in time !a. had fallen asleep b. have fallen asleep c. fell asleep d. fall asleep29. lets keep to the point or we _ any decisions.a. will never reach b. have never reached c. never reach d. never reached30. my mind wasnt on what he was saying, so im afraid i _ half of it.a. was missing b. had missed c. will miss d. missed答案与解析1、b 根据题意先排除d 项，因为回答方要说明书现在的情况;a项have prepare说明已经准备好，c项prepare是目前的习惯性动作，b项瑞在进行时表示动作的示完性。因此b 项为最佳答案。2、b 句意：因为lucy失业了，所以她在考虑重返校园，但她现在还没决定。根据题意说话者在说现在的情况，因此排除了a、c、d三项，b飞行员现在完成进行时，表示现在的事，进行时强调“考虑”这个动作的“未完性”，所以是最佳答案。3、c 句意：北京市市长说所有北京奥林区克建筑将于2006年完成。此题考查英语动词的语态和时态，很显然本题应该用被动语态，因此排除b、d根据时间状语by2006，应选择将来完成时，因此选c。4、a 题干中主句为selecting a mobile phone is no easy task,谓语动词表示了一种“含此刻在内的广泛意义上的现在时间”，使用的是一般现在时态(is no easy task);后面的状态从句(because)中则说明原因为“技术更新变化迅速”，应采用现在进行时：(technology)is changing(so rapidly).现在进行时态在此表示了一种“持续变化”的状态，体现了“变化、趋势、发展和进展”5、d 题干后的分句(but)为转折语气，并在句中使用了现在完成时态(i havent had time to play),表示自从new year以来一直没有打过乒乓球，由此可以排除选项b(will play)、c(have played).由此推断前一人句中所说状态为“含此刻在内的广泛意义上的现在时间”，则空中应该使用一般现在时态表达这一时间概念。6、d 句意为：参观者被要求不触摸展品。所以应该用被动形式。7、d第一空为现在完成时，与一段时间状语连用(for eight years);第二空：在一次晚会上认识之前就见过，上是“过去的过去”的一个动作，帮选d。8、c 从上下文可知，ted已经死了，属于过去发生的事情， 对于动词kill来讲，应是被动关系，故选c9、a 由题中所设语境可知，一句队员受伤应是过去的动作，故选a。10、d从对话题干所设语境看，此处谈论的是过去所没有发生的事(you havent said a word)此对话中，brenda 为自己没能对朋友所穿新衣早加赞赏向对方表示歉意;sooner(=at an earlier time)作为附加状语传达了十分重要的时间信息。此处仍应使用表示过去行为的简单过去时，与后面句子中的现在时态(i certainly think)形成对照。其余选项所给时态hasnt written us recently。11、a 前句中recently与事句中动词民用的语气为重要提示：we should have heard from her by now.=we haven,t heard from her by now此处讨论最近该发生而没发生的事，用现在完成时态：hasnt written us recently.12、b marry是终止性动词，用在此notuntil句型中表示“我叔叔直到四十五岁才结婚。”13、d when从句中通常用一般现在时形式表将来时间。14、b答语中的since1990是关键信息。15、b 时间状语in the past five years与现在时间有关。16、d图书馆的安静被打破，故须用被动语态;情景中找不出与现在有关的时间信息，故a是错误的。17、c grow与as从句里的wait发生。 题干前半句为时间状语，提供了极为重要的时间线索：all morning as she waited，表示了过去的一段延续时间，本空之中动词所表示的行为(her nervousness “grow”)与此同时进行。此处仍应使用一般过去时。本题中与现在时间相关的两个选项(a. has grown b is growing)很容易排除;d项(had grown)过去完成时态，应用于表示过去特定时间之前的行为，与语境不符，也可排除。18、b stay这晨是系动词的用法，不用被动形式。根据本题设空之后所执着续的形容词fresh判断，选项所给动词stay为系动词(=to continue or remain in a place ,position or conditioncollins new english dictionary), 因此，很容易排除a项(系动词不可能使用权用被动语态);从句意看，说话人向对方提出建议(why dont you?)，然后阐明依据(the meat will)，应该是stay 的一般形式，而不会是进行式(c 项be staying)或完成式(d项have stayed)。19、d注意mr parker 这里针对的是“sorry , joe”这件事，而不是“ i didnt mean to”那件事。而前者正是“此时此刻”发生的，故应用一般现在时。句意：你应称呼我帕克先生，你不是忘了吧!题干选材为大小对话形式，语境完整，前者向 joe道歉，后者(joe本人)拒不接受道歉，认为称呼自己为joe是：“套近乎”。提醒并警千对方，语气非常严厉。20、b at this time tomorrow 指明的是将来的某一具体时间，故用