高三英语二轮复习 第二篇 阅读技能探究 专题三 阅读理解 第1讲 细节理解题课件.ppt

第1讲细节理解题 考点1直接信息理解类 典例 2015 浙江高考 b片段 mostgraphshaveafewbasicparts acaptionorintroductionparagraph atitle alegendorkey andlabeledaxes anactivereaderlooksateachpartofthegraphbeforetryingtointerpretthedata captionswillusuallytellyouwherethedatacamefrom forexample ascientificstudyof400africanelephantsfrom1980to2005 captionsusuallysummarizetheauthor smainpointaswell thetitleisvery important ittellsyouthemainideaofthegraphbystatingwhatkindofinformationisbeingshown alegend alsocalledakey isaguidetothesymbolsandcolorsusedinthegraph manygraphs includingbargraphsandlinegraphs havetwoaxesthatformacorner usuallytheseaxesaretheleftsideandthebottomofthegraph eachaxiswillalwayshavealabel thelabeltellsyouwhateachaxismeasures q whenusedinagraph alegendis a aguidetothesymbolsandcolorsb anintroductionparagraphc themainidead thedata 解题思路 速读文章 试找出相关的信息句 并突出关键词 尝试解答 alegend alsocalleda key isaguidetothesymbolsandcolorsusedinthegraph a 解题技巧 1 断章取义 寻依据考生要从文段中获得回答细节题的具体信息 可用 寻读法 即画出题干中的关键词语 然后在文章中找出可能包含所需信息的段落或句子 运用此法时 应根据文段的结构和写作顺序 有针对性地寻读 迅速锁定相关内容 2 常见命题方式特殊疑问句形式表达 以when where what which who how等疑问词开头引出的问题 考点2间接信息理解类 典例 2015 浙江高考 a片段 fromtheverybeginningofschoolwemakebooksandreadingaconstantsourceofpossiblefailureandpublichumiliation whenchildrenarelittlewemakethemreadaloud beforetheteacherandotherchildren sothatwecanbesurethey know allthewordstheyarereading thismeansthatwhentheydon tknowaword theyaregoingtomakeamistake rightinfrontofeveryone afterhavingtaughtfifth gradeclassesforfouryears idecidedtotryatallcoststoridthemoftheirfearanddislikeofbooks andtogetthemtoreadoftenerandmoreadventurously onedaysoonafterschoolhadstarted isaidtothem nowi mgoingtosaysomethingaboutreadingthatyouhaveprobablyneverheardateachersaybefore iwouldlikeyoutoreadalotofbooksthisyear butiwantyoutoreadthemonlyforpleasure iamnotgoingtoaskyouquestionstofindoutwhetheryouunderstandthebooksornot ifyouunderstandenoughofabooktoenjoyitandwanttogoonreadingit that senoughforme alsoi mnotgoingtoaskyouwhatwordsmean q theteachertoldhisstudentstoread a forenjoymentb forknowledgec foralargervocabularyd forhigherscoresinexams 解题思路 速读文章 试找出相关的信息句 并突出与选项同义的词 尝试解答 butiwantyoutoreadthemonlyforpleasure a 解题技巧 1 同义互释 定选项间接理解题答案选项的表述通常不是使用文章的原话 而是使用与文中同义或近义的词语来表达 可运用排除法 将 无此细节 和 与此细节相反 的选项提前进行排除 2 正确选项有以下特征 对原句的关键词进行替换 词性或语态有所变化 语言简化 把原文中的复杂语言进行简化 正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达 3 常见命题方式accordingtotheauthor passage thereason isthat from wecanlearn 考点3数字计算类 典例 2015 四川高考 c片段 acrossbritain burnttoastwillbeservedtomothersinbedthismorningasoldersonsanddaughtersrushtodelivertheirsupermarketbunchesofflowers but accordingtoanewstudy weshouldbeplacingahighervalueonmotherhoodallyear mothershavelongknownthattheirhomeworkloadwasjustasheavyaspaidwork now thenewstudyhasshownthatiftheywerepaidfortheirparentallabours theywouldearnasmuchas 172 000ayear thestudylookedattherangeofjobsmothersdo aswellasthehourstheyareworking todeterminethefigure thiswouldmaketheiryearlyincome 30 000morethantheprimeministerearns byanalysingthenumbers itfoundtheaveragemotherworks119hoursaweek 40ofwhichwouldusuallybepaidatastandardrateand79hoursasovertime afterquestioning1 000motherswithchildrenunder18 itfoundthat onmostdays mumsstartedtheirroutineworkat7amandfinishedataround11pm q howmuchwouldamotherearnayearifworkingastheprimeminister a 30 000 b 142 000 c 172 000 d 202 000 解题思路 速读文章 试找出相关的数据 尝试解答 iftheywerepaidfortheirparentallabours theywouldearnas muchas 172 000ayear thiswouldmaketheiryearlyincome 30 000morethantheprimeministerearns b 172 000 30 000 142 000 解题技巧 1 列表推算 得数据关键是要弄清各数据之间的逻辑关系 选准比较的数据 弄清单位换算关系 确定计算方法 先阅读题干 然后带着题干中的关键词去读文章 对于数字 时间 年代等在读的同时做好标记 以便读完文章后进行相应的计算 简单的数据可采用 推算法 即以有关数据为基础 进行简单的运算 数据较多的文章 通常采用 列表法 即按一定的规律将数据分门别类地列出 化模糊为清晰 为计算打下基础 2 常见命题方式特殊疑问句形式表达 以when inwhichyear howmany much 等疑问词开头引出的问题 考点4正误判断类 典例 2014 福建高考 a itwasmother sdaymorninglastyearandiwasdoingmyshoppingatourlocalsupermarketwithmyfive year oldson tenyson aswewereleaving wefoundthatonlyminutesearlieranelderlywomanhadfallenoverattheentranceandhadhitherheadontheconcrete herhusbandwaswithher buttherewasbloodeverywhereandthewomanwasembarrassedandclearlyinshock walkingtowardsthescene tenysonbecameveryupsetaboutwhathadhappenedtothecouple hesaidtome mum it snotmuchfunfallingoverinfrontofeveryone atthefrontofthesupermarketacharity 慈善 grouphadsetupastandsellingcookedsausagesandflowerstoraisefunds tenysonsuggestedthatweshouldbuytheladyaflower itwillmakeherfeelbetter hesaid iwasamazedthathe dcomeupwiththissweetidea sowewentovertotheflowersellerandaskedherifwecouldbuyaflowerfortheladytocheerherup justtakeit shereplied ican ttakeyourmoneyforsuchawonderfulgesture bynowparamedics 救援人员 hadarrived andwereattendingtheinjuredwoman aswewalkeduptoher mysonbecameintimidatedbyallthebloodandmedicalequipment hesaidhewasjusttooscaredtogouptoher insteadigavetheflowertothewoman shusbandandtoldhim mysonwasveryupsetforyourwifeandwantedtogiveherthisflowertomakeherfeelbetter atthat theoldmanstartedcryingandsaid thankyousomuch youhaveawonderfulson happymother sdaytoyou themanthenbentdownandgavehiswifetheflower tellingherwhoitwasfrom thoughbadlyhurtandshaken theoldladylookedupattenysonwithloveinhereyesandgavehimalittlesmile q whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage a theelderlywomanwasknockeddownbytenyson b tenyson sideaofbuyingaflowergainedhismother ssupport c tenyson scarefortheelderlywomanpuzzledtheflowerseller d theelderlywomanwasmovedtotearsbytenyson sgesture 解题思路 速读文章 试找出与四个选项相关的信息句 a项 b项 c项 d项 尝试解答 aswewereleaving wefoundthatonlyminutesearlieranelderly womanhadfallenoverattheentrance sowewentovertotheflowersellerandaskedher justtakeit shereplied ican ttakeyourmoneyforsucha wonderfulgesture theoldladylookedupattenysonwithloveinhereyesand gavehimalittlesmile b 解题技巧 1 去伪存真 辨是非 速览题目所提供的四个选项 若各选项针对同一内容 则要注意找出各选项之间的差别 再带着问题去原文中核实文章的实际内容 若各个选项陈述的内容不一致 则要根据题干或选项中提供的线索回读原文 逐个找到相关句 最后确定答案 注意表达 绝对化 的选项一般不是正确答案 2 常见命题方式whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage whichofthefollowingisnottrueaccordingto 误区纠偏 1 扩缩范围 通过改变或去掉限制性词语 将信息中的范围 程度等加以改变 使该选项看似正确 实际上却是错误的 2 无中生有 干扰项与所阅读的文章内容没有任何联系 3 偷梁换柱 干扰项用了与原文相似的句型结构和大部分相似的单词 但句意改变 考点5细节排序类 典例 2014 四川高考 c aschoolgirlsavedherfather slifebykickinghiminthechestafterhesufferedaseriousallergic 过敏的 reactionwhichstoppedhisheart izzy nine restartedfathercolm sheartbystamping 踩 onhischestafterhefelldownathomeandstoppedbreathing izzy smother debbie immediatelycalled999butizzyknewdoctorswouldneverarriveintimetosaveherfather sodecidedtousecpr however shequicklydiscoveredherarmsweren tstrongenough soshestampedonherfather schestinstead debbiethentookoverwithsomemoreconventionalchestcompressions 按压 untiltheambulancearrived izzy whohasbeengivenabraveryawardbyherschool said ijustkickedhimreallyhard mymumtaughtmecprbutiknewiwasn tstrongenoughtousehands iwasquitescared thedoctorsaidimightaswellbeadoctororanurse mymumsaidthatdadwasgoingtohospitalwithabigfootprintonhischest she salittlestar saiddebbie iwasreallyupsetbutizzyjusttookover ijustcan tbelievewhatshedid ireallythinkallchildrenshouldbetaughtfirstaid izzydidcprthenthedoctorturnedup colmhadtohavemoretreatmentonthewaytothehospitalandwe vegottoseeanexpert truckdrivercolm 35 sufferedamysteryallergicreactiononsaturdayandwastakentohospital butwassenthomeonlyforittohappenagainthenextday thesecondattackwassoseriousthathisairwayswelled preventinghimfrombreathing hisbloodpressuredroppedsuddenly andhisheartstoppedforamoment hehasnowmadeafullrecoveryfromhissuffering q what