【阅读】2013年(安徽卷) - 副本.doc

2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试【安徽卷】A篇The Healthy habits survey(调查) shows that only about one third of American seniors have correct habits. Here are some findings and expert advice.1. How many times did you brush your teeth yesterday? Findings: A full 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day. Step: Remove the 300 types of bacteria in your mouth each morning with a battery-operated toothbrush. Brush gently for 2 minutes, at least twice a day.2. How many times did you wash your hands or bathe yesterday? Findings: Seniors, on average, bathe fewer than 3 days a week .And nearly 30% wash their hands only 4 times a day-half of the number doctors recommend. Step: We touch our faces around 3,000times a day -often with hot running water and soap for 20 seconds.3. How often do you think about fighting germs(病菌)? Findings: Seniors are not fighting germs as well as they should. Step: Be aware of germs. Do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge (海绵) that can carry more germs than anything else? To kill these germs, keep your sponge in the microwave for 10 seconds.56. What is found out about American seniors?A. Most of them have good habits.B. Nearly 30% of them bathe three days a week.C. All of them are fighting germs better than expected.D. About one third of them brush their teeth only once a day.57. Doctors suggest that people should wash their hands _.A. twice a day B. three times a dayC. four times a day D. eight times a day58. Which of the following is true according to the text?A. We should keep from touching our faces.B. There are less than 300 types of bacteria in the mouth.C. A kitchen sponge can carry more germs than a toilet.D. We should wash our hands before touching a door handle.59. The text probably comes from _.A. a guide book B. a popular magazine C. a book review D. an official document【语篇解读】本文是一篇调查报告，主要关注美国老年人健康习惯的问题。文章列出几种老年人遵守良好健康习惯状况的调查结果，并分别提供相应的专家建议。【解析】56. D。细节理解题。难度：较易。本文主要介绍了一项针对美国老年人健康习惯的调查结果。由第一个Findings可知，有33%的老年人每天只刷一次牙，故D项正确。57. D。细节理解题。难度：较易题干关键词为“wash their hands”，由此定位文章第二个Findings。由“And nearly 30% wash their hands only 4 times a day-half of the number doctors recommend.”可知，D项正确。58. C。细节理解题。难度：较易。根据第三个要点中的but your kitchen sponge that can carry more germs可知答案。59. A。推理判断题。难度：中等。由首段的Here are some findings and expert advice可见这是指导人们的建议，只有A项符合。【难句学习】Do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge (海绵) that can carry more germs than anything else?翻译： 你是否知道并非你的厕所而是你厨房的海绵比其他任何东西携带的细菌都要多？分析： 本句中it is that为强调句结构, not your toilet but your kitchen sponge为被强调部分。其中notbut意为“不是而是”。BUsing too much water or throwing rubbish into our rivers are clear ways that humans can put our water supply in danger, but we also affect our water supply in less obvious ways. You may wonder how paving(铺砌) a road can lead to less usable fresh water. A major part of the water we use every day is groundwater. Groundwater does not come from lakes or rivers. It comes from underground. The more roads and parking lots we pave, the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater.Hunan activity is not responsible for all water shortages(短缺). Drier climates are of course more likely to have droughts(干旱) than areas with more rainfall, but in any case, good management can help to make sure there is enough water to meet our basic needs.Thinking about the way we use water every day can make a big difference, too. In the United States, a family of four can use 1.5 tons of water a day! This shows how much depend on water to live, but theres a lot we can do to lower the number.You can take steps to save water in you home. To start with, use the same glass for drinking water all day. Wash it only once a day. Run your dishwasher only when it is full. Help your parents fix any leaks in your home. You can even help to keep our water supply clean by recycling batteries instead of throwing them away.60. Which of the following is most likely to lead to less groundwater?A. Using river water. B. Throwing batteries away.C. Paving parking lots. D. Throwing rubbish into lakes.61. What can be inferred from the text?A. All water shortages are due to human behavior.B. It takes a lot of effort to meet our water needs.C. There is much we can do to reduce family size.D. The average family in America makes proper use of water.63. The last paragraph is intended to_.A. show us how to fix leaks at homeB. tell us how to run a dishwaterC. prove what drinking glass is best for us.D. suggest what we do to save water at home64. The text is mainly about_.A. why paving roads reduce our waterB. how much we depend on water to liveC. why droughts occur more in dry climatesD. how human activity affects our water supply【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文，内容主要论及人类淡水资源的问题。本文先是分类说明人类活动将会对淡水资源的短缺与否造成影响，进而通过实例介绍在日常生活中我们应当如何节约使用淡水。段落关键词、句大意概括第一部分（Para. 1）using too much water or throwing rubbish into rivers; clear ways; paving road; less obvious ways介绍人类影响淡水资源供应的两种方式：明显的方式和不太明显的方式。第二部分（Para. 2-3）human activity; water shortages; good management; enough water人类活动影响水资源供应，人类生活高度依赖水资源，因此应该而且可以通过管好自己来节约水资源。第三部分(Para. 4)Save water in your home; glass; dishwasher; recycling batteries举例介绍家庭生活中有助于节约水资源的几种小窍门。【解析】60. C。细节理解题。难度：中等。题干关键词为“lead to less groundwater”，由此定位文章第一段最后一句。根据最后一句The more roads and parking lots we pave, the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater.可知，我们铺设的道路和停车场越多，可流入地面成为地下水的水就越少。所以，C答案正确。61. B。推理判断题。难度：较易。文章主要论述了人类活动对淡水资源的影响以及人们应如何节约使用淡水，根据文章主旨大意可推断，满足我们的用水需求需做出大量的努力，所以B答案正确。62. D。主旨大意题。难度：中等。首句就是文章的主题句，后面通过to start with等可知这是步骤。只有D项符合。其它选项都是针对某个部分。解题思路：对于段落的主旨大意题，一定要抓首句，或者末句。63. D。主旨大意题。难度：较难。文章首段是导入，尤其是第一句统领全文。第一句中的but是个转折关系的标志词，说明了文章的重点和affect our water supply有关。【难句学习】1. Using too much water or throwing rubbish into our rivers are clear ways that humans can put our water supply in danger, but we also affect our water supply in less obvious ways. 翻译：用太多水或者往河里丢垃圾，这些很明显是人为地危害我们的水源，但是我们也在以一些不太明显的方式破坏着自己的水源。分析：本句为并列复合句。连词but并列两个分句，分句一Using too much water or throwing rubbish into our rivers are clear ways that humans can put our water supply in danger和分句二we also affect our water supply in less obvious ways，其中分句一中的主干是Using too much water or throwing rubbish into our rivers are clear ways 。that引导定语从句，先行词ways在从句中作方式状语。2. Drier climates are of course more likely to have droughts(干旱) than areas with more rainfall, but in any case, good management can help to make sure there is enough water to meet our basic needs.翻译：干燥的气候当然比多雨气候更易导致干旱，但良好的管理任何时候都有助于保障人们基本所需的用水。分析：本句为并列复合句，并列部分由连词but连接，but后的并列分句in any case, good management can help to make sure there is enough water to meet our basic needs.为复合句。其中there is enough water to meet our basic needs为make sure的宾语从句。句中“are more likely to”意为“更可能”。CWhen 19-year-old Sophia Giorgi said she was thinking of volunteering to help the Make-A-Wish Foundation (基金会)，nobody understood what she was talking about .But Sophia knew just how important Make A Wish could be because this special organization had helped to make a dream come true for one her best friends .We were interested in finding out more ,so we went along to meet Sophia listen to what she had to say .Sophia told us that Make A Wish is a worldwide organization that started in the United States in 1980.”Its a charity(慈善机构)that helps children who have got very serious illnesses. Make A Wish help children feel happy even though they are sick, by making their wishes and dreams come true,” Sophia explained. We asked Sophia how Make A Wish had first started .She said it had all begun with a very sick young boy called Chris ,who had been dreaming for a long time of becoming a policeman .Sophia said lots of people had wanted to find a way to make Chriss dream come true -so, with everybodys help , Chris, only seven years old at the time ,had been a “policeman” for a day .” when people saw how delighted Chris was when his dream came true, they decided to try and help other sick children too, and that was the beginning of Make A Wish,” explained Sophia.Sophia also told us the Foundation tries to give children and their families a special, happy time. A Make-A-Wish volunteer visits the families and asks the children what they would wish for if they could have anything in the world. Sophia said the volunteers were important because they were the ones who helped to make the wishes come true. They do this either by providing things that are necessary, or by raising money or helping out in whatever way they can.64. Sophia found out about Make-A-Wish because her best friend had _.A. benefited from it B. volunteered to help itC. dreamed about it D. told the author about it65. According to Sophia, Make-A-Wish _.A. is an international charityB. was understood by nobody at firstC. raises money for very poor familiesD. started by drawing the interest of the public66. What is said about Chris in Paragraph3?A. He has been a policeman since he was seven.B. He gave people the idea of starting Make-A-WishC. He wanted people to help make his dream come true.D. He was the first child Make-A-Wish helped after it had been set up.67. Which of the following is true about Make-A-Wish volunteers?A. They are important for making wishes come true.B. They try to help children get over their illnesses.C. They visit sick children to make them feel special.D. They provide what is necessary to make Make-A-Wish popular.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。通过Sophia Giorgi之口介绍了Make-A-Wish Foundation这一慈善机构的由来以及主要工作。【解析】段落关键词、句大意推测第一段think of volunteering to help; make a dream come true; be interested inSophia Giorgi想志愿帮助Make-A-Wish基金会，因为这个基金会曾帮助她一个好朋友实现了梦想。于是我们去拜访她，向她了解更多情况。第二段a worldwide organization; a charity; make their wishes and dreams come trueSophia Giorgi介绍了这个组织，通过帮助病中的孩子实现梦想，让孩子们获得快乐。第三段how, first started; begin with; dream of becoming a policeman; find a way to; delighted; decided to try and help; the beginning of Make-A-WishSophia Giorgi给我们讲述了这个基金会的由来。第四段a special happy time; volunteer; provide things; raise money; help outSophia Giorgi告诉我们，志愿者在这一组织中所做的工作。64. A。推理判断题。难度：中等。由题干关键词her best friend，定位第一段。根据But Sophia knew just how importantbecause this special organization had helped to make a dream come true for one of her best friends.（但是苏菲亚是知道多么重要的因为这个特别的组织已经帮助她的一个最好的朋友实现了梦想）可知，她最好的朋友从中获益。故选择A。65. A。细节理解题。难度：中等。由题干关键词Make-A-Wish可知是关于这个组织的相关情况，所以定位第二三四段。由第二段第一句的a worldwide organization和引号里的a charity综合可知A项an international charity是正确的。66. B。细节理解题。难度：中等。第三段最后一句When people saw how delighted Chris wasthey decided, and that was the beginning of Make-A-Wish（当人们看见Chris是多么的高兴，他们决定，那就是Make-A-Wish的开始）可知，是Chris给了人们这个想法，所以B项正确。67. A。细节理解题。难度：中等。由题干关键词Make-A-Wish volunteers定位于第四段。由第四段第三句the volunteers were important because they were the ones who helped to make the wishes come true.（志愿者是很重要的，因为他们是帮助使得愿望成真的人），可知A为正确答案。【难句学习】1. When people saw how delighted Chris was when his dream came true, they decided to try and help other children too, and that was the beginning of Make-A-Wish.翻译：当人们看见Chris梦想成真是多么的高兴时，他们决定也去帮助其他的孩子，那就是Make-A-Wish的开始。分析：本句是由and连接的两个并列句。第一个分句中，when引导时间状语从句，从句中还有how引导的感叹句做saw的宾语从句。2. Sophia said the volunteers were important because they were the ones who helped to make the wishes come true.翻译：Sophia说志愿者是很重要的，因为他们是帮助使得愿望成真的人。分析：said后为宾语从句，because为宾语从句中的原因状语从句，原因状语从句中，who引导定语从句，修饰先行词the ones。D“People are ruder today because they are rushed and more time poor than ever before,” says Patsy Rowe, “ Manners have fallen off the radar(雷达).” Due to our strong attraction to electronic equipment it is a wonder more people dont wake up each morning and greet the singing birds with a complaint（抱怨）about the noise. Here are some examples of rudeness.Some people prefer to do almost everything over the internet. To them, dealing with an actual human is like an evolutionary step backward. It feels very slow because humans dont work at 4G speeds. When you have dinner with friends, you will often notice someone paying more attention to his mobile phone. We have programmed ourselves to think that every new message brings life-changing news, so taking calls and checking our texts are more important than talking to the people we are with. What is worse, some people even tend to send anonymous（匿名的）rude messages by email.However, rudeness is never acceptable. Dont assume it is OK to be rude if the person youre in touch with wont recognize you. If you have something awful to say, have the courage to face the person and say it, write a letter or email and sign it, or forget it. Upsetting people with unsigned messages is cruel and disgusting.We shouldnt blame technology for our shortcomings. Technology is here to help us, but we should not allow it to take over our lives. An important step in acknowledging our shortcomings. People spend a lot of time pointing out bad manners but it would be even more help if wed publicly acknowledge good manners when we see them.68. What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1?A. People can tell good from bad behavior.B. Radar is able to observe human behavior.C. People care little about their behavior.D. Radar can be used to predict human behavior.69. Some people are less willing to deal with humans becauseA. they are becoming less patientB. they are growing too independentC. they have to handle many important messagesD. they have to follow an evolutionary step backward.70. The author thinks sending unsigned awful messages is _.A. ridiculous B. disgusting C. acceptable D. reasonable71. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. We should applaud good behavior.B. Technology can never be blamedC. We should keep pointing out mistakes.D .Technology will take over lives one day.【语篇解读】本文讲述的是如今的人们比以前粗鲁了，原因和新的科技有关，然后提出建议。段落关键词、句大意推测第一段People are ruder; attraction to equipment; examples of rudeness人们比过去粗鲁；对新设备的迷恋；例子第二段do everything over the internet; dealing with an humanslow; taking callsmore important than talking to people we are with; send anonymous messages一切在网络上进行；和人打交道感到速度慢；打电话比当面讲话重要；发匿名信息第三段rudeness is never acceptable; upsetting peopleis cruel.粗鲁不可接受；使他人不安是残忍的第四段we shouldnt blame technology; we should not allow it take over our lives; acknowledge our shortcomings我们不该责备科技；我们不允许它占领我们的生活；承认我们的缺点【解析】68. C。句意理解题。难度：中等。划线前句说People are ruder，后句说strong attraction to electronic equipment，再结合划线字面意思“礼貌已经脱离了雷达”，可见作者说的是人们对可见的着迷导致他们不再关注礼貌。只有C项符合句意。69. D。细节理解题。难度：较易。根据题干中的关键词deal with humans，定位至第二段第二句。此句中的an evolutionary step backward，后面的一句说it feels very slow更证实了本句。70. B。推理判断题。难度：较易。根据题干中的关键词awful messages，定位到第三段最后一句，该句提到了两个单词：cruel, disgusting。故B项符合。71. B。细节理解题。难度：较易。由第一句可知B。文章没有提及A项中的applaud；文章说到了我们应该承认缺点，不是C项中说到的我们应该不断指出我们的错误；D项与第二句不符。【难句学习】1. Due to our strong attraction to electronic equipment it is a wonder more people dont wake up each morning and greet the singing birds with a complaint about the noise.翻译：电子设备对面有强大的吸引力，所以人们每天醒来，如果不抱怨鸟的歌声回事一个奇迹。分析：本句主干是：it is a wonder。due to是原因介词状语。2. Dont assume it is OK to be rude if the person youre in touch with wont recognize you. 翻译：如果你所接触的朋友没有认出你，你不可假设粗鲁没关系。分析：本句主干：Dont assume it is OK。if引导条件状语从句，youre in touch with是定语从句，修饰the person。EArgentina in the late nineteenth century was an exciting place. Around 1870,it was experiencing an economic(经济的)boom, and the capital, Buenos Aires, attracted many people. Farmers, as well as a flood of foreigners from Spain and Italy, came to Buenos Aires seeking jobs. These jobs didnt pay well, and the people felt lonely and disappointed with their new life in the city. As the unhappy newcomers mixed together in the poor parts of the city, the dance known an the tango(探戈舞) came into beingAt the beginning the tango was a dance of the lower classes. It was danced in the bars and streets. At that time there many fewer women the men, so if a man didnt want to be left out, his only choice was to dance with another man so that he could attract the attention of the few available women. Gradually, the dance spread into the upper classes of Argentinean society and became more respectable.In Europe at this time, strong interest in dance from around the world was beginning. The interest in international dance was especially evident in Paris. Every kind of dance from ballet(芭蕾舞) to belly dancing could be found on the stages of the Paris theaters of the Paris theaters. After tango dances from Argentina arrive in Europe, they began to draw the interest of the public and they performed their exiting dance in cafes. Though not everyone approved of the new dance, saying it was a little too shocking, the dance did find enough supporters to make it popular.The popularity（流行）of the tango continued to grow in many other parts of the world. Soldiers who returned to the United States from World War I brought the tango to North America, It reached Japan in 1926, and in 2003 the Argentinean embassy in Seoul hired a local tango dancer to act as a kind of dance ambassador, and promote tango dancing throughout South Korea.72. The origin of the tango is associated with A. Belly dances B. American soldiersC. Spanish city D. the capital of Argentina73. Which of the following is true about the tango?A. It was created by foreigners from Spain and Italy.B. People of the upper classes loved the tango mostC. It was often danced by two male in the beginningD. A dancer in Seoul became the Argentinean ambassador.74. Before World War I, the tango spread to _.A. America B. JapanC. France D. South Korea75. Wha