大学英语四级(选词填空)专项训练.doc

第一部分 选词填空方法论1、 选词填空特点 选词填空出现在大学英语四级考试深度阅读(reading indepth)的第一部分.由一篇25030o词的短文和15个选项构成 题目要求从给出的l5个词中选择lO个填入短文的空格中。该部分的分值占整个分值比例的5%，考试时间大概为9分钟。纵观这几年的试卷分析，考生在该题目上的失分比较大，究其原因.一方面是因为该题目本身具有的难度，要求考生掌握词汇、语法、阅读等基础知识，并具有较强的语言综合运用能力，在段落及篇章中考查词汇的用法及含义。另一方面则属于对该题的做题方法不是很熟悉，导致失分。本文将从词性判断和利用逻辑关系词确定答案两方面展开，探讨该题的解题技巧。2、 解题步骤首先，要跳读全文，把握大意.快速通读全文，了解文章的中心思想，通过对文章的分析.把握文章的背景、主题，结合每段的首句和末句，把握文章的结构。其次，要仔细阅读15个选项，判断词性，根据词性将每个单词进行分类归纳，如：动词(v.)、名词(n.)、形容词(a.)、副词(adv.)等。再次，要集中在篇章，前后结合，寻找线索，注意空格前后的结构和搭配，选择词性、单复数、时态和意义均符合文章上下文要求的词填人空格处，特别要注意“瞻前顾后”.保持文章前后通顺、流畅。同时还要注意在做题过程中用排除法逐渐减少备选词汇，即选择一个划掉一个。最后，要重读全文，查漏补缺，核实答案。选择完成后，考生必须将所选单词带人原文进行复读，确认上下文衔接与否并核实答案。值得注意的是，如果考生觉得某些选项需要阋整，切忌将自己做出的选择全部推翻重选.而只能进行谨慎微调.以确保做题的效率。三、解题技巧1. 词性判断技巧词性判断是做选词填空题重要的一步，篇章所需词性的判断，有以下的规律可循。(1)确定空格为名词若空格处前面为冠词、形容词或者及物动词的，空格处应填入名词;若空格处后面是动词的，空格处应填人该动词的主语(名词);若空格处前面是介词的，空格处充当介词宾语，填入一个名词或动名词例如：题目：“They are presentedwith a47 ofhuman experienees and come to respect other ways of thought and living.” 空格前面是不定冠词a，应该考虑是否缺少名词。在选项中涉及了三个名词选项“B.characters，F.desire，G.diversity”。根据词义，应该选择“G.diversity(多样性)”，构成：“a diversity ofhuman experiences”.表示“多种人生经历”。(2)确定空格为动词若空格处前面已经有名词/代词作主语，后面又有名词/代词作为动词的宾语，空格处应为及物动词;若空格处前面是名词/代词，后面没有宾语，空格处就应填不及物动词;若空格处前面是名词/代词，空格处就后面是副词/介词，空格处就应填人不及物动词，与副词/介词构成周定搭配;若空格处就前面是名词/代词，后面是形容词，空格处就应填人系动词或be动词;若空格处前有不定式标志to，空格处就应填入动词原形;若t0是介词.后面就应填人动名词。例如： 题目：“While enriching their imagination，books 55their outlook，develop a fact-finding attitude and train them to useleisure properly.”空格前后都是名词.这里考虑空格处应该是动词。在题后的选项中，涉及动词的有“E.derive，H.escape，N.respect.0.widen” 经过比较词义，我们不难选出“widen”为正确选择，同时构成“widen theiroutlook(拓展视野)“，这个动宾短语。(3)确定空格为形容词若空格处前面或者后面为名词的，空格处应填入形容词;若空格处前面是副词的，空格处应填人形容词：若空格处前面是系动词或be动词，空格处应填入形容词作表语。例如：题目：“Books provide 54 material for readersimagination to grow.Imagination is a valuable quality and a motivatingpower，and stimulates achievement.”空格后是名词，考虑空格处缺一个形容词。选项中涉及形容词的是“A.abundant” 和“J.narrow ”， 但只有”abundant“符合上下文意思(4)确定空格为副词若空格处前面或者后面为动词，空格处应填入副词：若空格处后面是形容词的，空格处应填入副词2 用逻辑关系词确定答案在篇章词汇理解题目中，文章的逻辑关系对于考生把握整篇文章是很重要的，文章的逻辑关系通过一些逻辑关系词体现，可以通过逻辑关系词来确定出一些答案。常见的逻辑关系词如下。(1)并列关系：and，or，aswell as等。(2)转折关系：but，however，onthe contrary，ratherthan等。(3)比较关系：as.as，like，similar等。(4)因果关系：because，for，since，as a result of，therefore，thus等。(5)举例关系：forexample，forinstance，such as，and SOon等。(6)递进关系：and，whatS more，moreover，in addition等。例如：题目：“Readers turn naturally to books because theircuriosity concerning all manners of things，their eagerness to sharein the experiences of others and their need to 49 from their ownlimited environment lead them to find in books food for the mindand the spirit.选项E.derive.H.escape，J.naow，N.respect.”原句需要一个原形动词。原因状语从句巾有三个并列的主语，其中第二个和第三个在形式上更接近。另外也要考虑该词要能够与“from”搭配使用。而“derive.from”表示“出自”，词义上讲不通，只有“escape”是正确选项。此外，要注意常用短语搭配，例如“regardless of”(不顾，不惜);“thankstO”(由于，多亏);“underthe circumstances”(这种情况下);“quite afeW”(相当多，不少)等。例如：题目：“Times have changed.Today，wetake pain 48.Indeed，pain is now considered the fifth vital sign，as important asblood pressure，temperature，breathing rate and pulse in determining a personS wellbeing.选项为G.seriously K.gravely.如果考生熟悉常用短语搭配“take sth.seriously”，答案很容易就能选出。2011年6月大学英语四级真题Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.The popular notion that older people need less sleep than younger adults is a myth, scientists said yesterday.While elderly people _47_ to sleep for fewer hours than they did when they were younger, this has a(n) _48_ effect on their brains performance and they would benefit from getting more, according to research.Sean Drummond, a. psychiatrist (心理医生) at the University of California, San Diego, said older people are more likely to suffer from broken sleep, while younger people are better at sleeping _49_ straight through the night.More sleep in old age, however, is _50_ with better health, and most older people would feel better and more _51_ if they slept for longer periods, he said.“The ability to sleep in one chunk (整块时间) overnight goes down as we age but the amount of sleep we need to _52_ well does not change,” Dr Drummond told the American Association for the Advancement of Science conference in San Diego.“Its _53_ a myth that older people need less sleep. The more healthy an older adult is, the more they sleep like they did when they were _54_. Our data suggests that older adults would benefit from _55_ to get as much sleep as they did in their 30s. Thats _56_ from person to person, but the amount of sleep we had at 35 is probably the same amount as we need at 75.”注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。A) alertI) formallyB) associatedJ) functionC) attractingK) mixedD) clingL) negativeE) continuingM) sufficientF) definitelyN) tendG) differentO) younger 2010年12月英语四级考试真题Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.What determines the kind of person you are? What factors make you more or less bold, intelligent, or able to read a map? All of these are influenced by the interaction of your genes and the environment in which you were 47 . The study of how genes and environment interact to influence 48 activity is known as behavioral genetics. Behavioral genetics has made important 49 to the biological revolution, providing information about the extent to which biology influences mind, brain and behavior.Any research that suggests that 50 to perform certain behaviors are based in biology is controversial. Who wants to be told that there are limitations to what you can 51 based on something that is beyond your control, such as your genes? It is easy to accept that genes control physical characteristics such as sex, race and eye color. But can genes also determine whether people will get divorced, how 52 they are, or what career they are likely to choose? A concern of psychological scientists is the 53 to which all of these characteristics are influenced by nature and nurture(养育), by genetic makeup and the environment. Increasingly, science 54 that genes lay the groundwork for many human traits. From this perspective, people are born 55 like undeveloped photographs: The image is already captured, but the way it 56 appears can vary based on the development process. However, the basic picture is there from the beginning.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 A abilities I extent B achieve J indicates C appeal K proceeds D complaints L psychological E contributions M raised F displayed N smart G essentially O standard H eventually2010年6月英语四级考试真题Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.When we think of green buildings, we tend to think of new ones the kind of high-tech, solar-paneled masterpieces that make the covers of architecture magazines. But the U.S. has more than 100 million existing homes, and it would be _47 wasteful to tear them all down and _48_ them with greener versions. An enormous amount of energy and resources went into the construction of those houses. And it would take an average of 65 years for the _49_ carbon emissions from a new energy-efficient home to make up for the resources lost by destroying an old one. So in the broadest _50_, the greenest home is the one that has already been built. But at the same time, nearly half of U. S. carbon emissions come from heating, cooling and 51_ our homes, offices and other buildings. You cant deal with climate change without dealing with existing buildings, says Richard Moe, the president of the National Trust.With some _52_, the oldest homes tend to be the least energy-efficient. Houses built before 1939 use about 50% more energy per square foot than those built after 2000, mainly due to the tiny cracks and gaps that _53_ over time and let in more outside air.Fortunately, there are a _54_ number of relatively simple changes that can green older homes, from _55_ ones like Lincolns Cottage to your own postwar home. And efficiency upgrades (升级) can save more than just the earth; they can help _56_ property owners from rising power costs.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。A) accommodations B) clumsy C) doubtful D) exceptions E) expand F) historic G) incredibly H) powering I) protect J) reduced K) replace L) sense M) shifted N) supplying O) vast2009年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.In families with two working parents, fathers may have more impact on a childs language development than mothers, a new study suggests.Researchers 47 92 families form 11 child care centers before their children were a year old, interviewing each to establish income, level of education and child care arrangements. Overall, it was a group of well-class families, with married parents both living in the home.When the children were 2, researchers videotaped them at home in free-play sessions with both parents, 48 all of their speech. The study will appear in the November issue of The Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology.The scientists measured the 49 number of utterance (话语) of the parents, the number of different words they used, the complexity of their sentences and other 50 of their speech. On average, fathers spoke less than mothers did, but they did not differ in the length of utterances or proportion of questions asked.Finally, the researchers 51 the childrens speech at age 3, using a standardized language test. The only predictors of high scores on the test were the mothers level of education, the 52 of child care and the number of different words the father used. The researchers are 53 why the fathers speech, and not the mothers, had an effect.“Its well 54 that the mothers language does have an impact, said Nadya Pancsofar, the lead author of the study. It could be that the high-functioning mothers in the study had 55 had a strong influence on their childrens speech development, Ms. Pancsofar said, “or it may be that mothers are 56 in a way we didnt measure in the study.”注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。A) already B) analyzed C) aspects D) characters E) contributing F) describing G) established H) quality I) quoted J) recording K) recruited L) totalM) unconscious N) unsure O) yet 2009年6月英语四级考试真题与答案Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage. Every year in the first week of my English class, some students inform me that writhing is too hard. They never write, unless assignments 47 it . They fine the writing process 48 and difficult. How awful to be able to speak in a language but not to write in it- 49 English , with its rich vocabulary . Being able to speak but not write is like living in an 50 mansion(豪宅) and never leaving one small room . When I meet students who think they cant write, I know as a teacher my 51 is to show them the rest of the rooms . My task is to build fluency while providing the opportunity inherent in any writing activity to 52 the moral and emotional development of my students . One great way to do this is by having students write in a journal in class every day. Writing ability is like strength training. Writing needs to be done 53 , just like exercise ; just as muscles grow stronger with exercise , writing skills improve quickly with writing practice. I often see a rise in student confidence and 54 after only a few weeks of journal writing . Expressing oneself in writing is one of the most important skills I teach to strengthen the whole student. When my students practice journal writing, they are practicing for their future academic, political, and 55 lives . They build skills so that some day they might write a great novel, a piece of sorely needed legislation, or the perfect love letter. Every day that they write in their journals puts them a step 56 to fluency , eloquence (雄辩), and command of language .A) closer I) painfulB) daily J) performanceC) emotional K) professionD) enhance L) remarkablyE) enormous M) requireF) especially N) sensitiveG) hinder O) urgeH) mission2008年12月大学英语四级考试真题Question 47-56A bookless life is an incomplete life. Books influence the depth and breadth of life. They meet the natural 47 for freedom, for expression, for creativity and beauty of life. Learners, therefore, must have books, and the right type of book, for the satisfaction of their need. Readers turn 48 to books because their curiosity concerning all manners of things, their eagerness to share in the experiences of others and their need to _49 from their own limited environment lead them to find in books food for the mind and the spirit. Through their reading they find a deeper significance to life as books acquaint them with life in the world as it was and it is now. They are presented with a 50 of human experiences and come to 51 other ways of thought and living. And while 52 their own relationships and responses to life , the readers often find that the _53_ in their stories are going through similar adjustments, which help to clarify and give significance to their own. Books provide _54 material for readers imagination to grow. Imagination is a valuable quality and a motivating power, and stimulates achievement. While enriching their imagination, books _55_their outlook, develop a fact-finding attitude and train them to use leisure _56 . The social and educational significance of the readers books cannot be overestimated in an academic library. A. abundant B. characters C. communicating D. completely E. derive F. desire G. diversity H. escape I. establishing J. narrow K. naturally L. personnel M. properly N. respect O. widen2008年6月大学英语四级考试真题Section ASome years ago I was offered a writing assignment that would require three months of travel through Europe. I had been abroad a couple of times, but I could hardly _47_ to know my way around the continent. Moreover, my knowledge of foreign languages was _48_ to a little college French.I hesitated. How would I, unable to speak the language, _49_ unfamiliar with local geography or transportation systems, set up _50_ and do research? It seemed impossible, and with considerable _51_ I sat down to write a letter begging off. Halfway through, a thought can through my mind: you can learn if you dont try. So I accepted the assignment.There were some bad _52_. But by the time I had finished the trip I was an experienced traveler. And ever since, I have never hesitated to head for even the most remote of places, without guiders or even _53_ bookings, confident that somehow I will manage.The point is that the new, the different, is almost by definition _54_. But each time you try something, you learn, and as the learning piles up, the world opens to you.Ive learned to ski at 40, and flown up the Rhine River in a _55_. And I know Ill go on doing such things. Its not because Im braver or more daring than others. Im not. But Ill accept anxiety as another name for challenge and I believe I can _56_ wonders. A) accomplish B) advanced C) balloon D) claimE) constantly F) declare G) interviews H)limitedI) manufacture J) moments K) news L) reducedM) regret N) scary O) totally2007年12月四级考试真题Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.As war spreads to many comers of the globe, Children sadly have been drawn into the center of conflicts. In Afghanistan, Bosnia, and Colombia, however, groups of children have been taking part in peace education 47 .The children, after learning to resolve conflicts, took on the 48 of peacemakers. The Childrens Movement for peacemakers was even nominated(提名) or the Nobel peace prize in 1998. Groups of children 49 is peacemakers studied human rights an poverty issues in Colombia, eventually forming a group with five other schools in Bogota known a The Schools of Peace.The classroom 50 opportunities for children to replace angry, violent behaviors with 51 ,peaceful ones. It is in the classroom that caring and respect for each person empowers children to take a step 52 toward becoming peacemakers. Fortunately, educators have access to many online resources that are 53 useful when helping children along the path to peace. The Young Peacemakers Club, started in 1992, provides a Website with resources for teachers and 54 on staring a Kindness Campaign. The World Centers of Compassion for Children International call attention to childrens rights and how to help the 55 of war. Starting a Peacemakers Club is a praiseworthy venture for a class an one that could spread to other classrooms an ideally affect the culture of the 56 school.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。A) actingI) information B) assumingJ) offersC) comprehensiveK) projects D) cooperativeL) respectivelyE) entireM) role F) especially N) technologyG) forwardO) victims H) images2007年6月四级考试真题Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Years ago, doctors often said that pain was a normal part of life.