高考英语阅读理解巩固练习（45）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解巩固练习（45）及答案阅读理解in ancient egypt ，the pharaoh(法老) treated the poor message runner like a prince when he arrived at the palace, if he brought good news. however, if the exhausted runner had the misfortune to bring the pharaoh unhappy news, his head was cut off.shades of that spirit spread over today s conversations.once a friend and i packed up some peanut butter and sandwiches for an outing. as we walked lightheartedly out the door，picnic basket in hand, a smiling neighbor looked up at the sky and said, “oh boy, bad day for a picnic. the weatherman says it s going to rain.” i wanted to strike him on the face with the peanut butter and sandwiches. not for his stupid weather report, for his smile.several months ago i was racing to catch a bus.as i breathlessly put my handful of cash across the greyhound counter, the sales agent said with a broad smile, “oh that bus left five minutes ago.” dreams of headcutting!it s not the news that makes someone angry. it s the unsympathetic attitude with which it s delivered. everyone must give bad news from time to time, and winning professionals do it with the proper attitude. a doctor advising a patient that she needs an operation does it in a caring way. a boss informing an employee he didn t get the job takes on a sympathetic tone.big winners know, when delivering any bad news, they should share the feeling of the receiver.unfortunately, many people are not aware of this. when you are tired from a long flight, has a hotel clerk cheerfully said that your room isn t ready yet? when you had your heart set on the toast beef, has your waiter merrily told you that he just served the last piece? it makes you as traveler or diner want to land your fist right on their unsympathetic faces.had my neighbor told me of the upcoming rainstorm with sympathy, i would have appreciated his warning.had the greyhound salesclerk sympathetically informed me that my bus had already left, i probably would have said, “oh, that s all right. ill catch the next one. ”big winners, when they bear bad news, deliver bombs with the emotion the bombarded (被轰炸的) person is sure to have.【文章大意概括】当我们告诉别人不好的消息时，我们应该以同情的表情和语气来表达。1in paragraph 1 ，the writer tells the story of the pharaoh to_.a. make a comparisonb. introduce a topicc. describe a scene d. offer an argument【详解剖析】逻辑推理题。从第一段可知，作者用“法老的故事”来引出文章的话题，所以答案选b。【最佳选项】b2in the writer s opinion, his neighbor was_.a. friendly b. warmheartedc. not considerate d. not helpful【详解剖析】事实细节题。文章中第二段，作者的邻居高兴地向作者传达一个坏消息，他没有考虑作者的感受，由此可知作者的邻居很不会体贴人，考虑事情不周全。【最佳选项】c3from “dreams of headcutting！” ( paragraph 3 ), we learn that the writer_.a. was mad at the sales agentb. was reminded of the cruel pharaohc. wished that the sales agent would have bad dreamsd. dreamed of cutting the sales agent s head that night【详解剖析】逻辑推理题。从文章第三段推断可知，作者对售票员的这种行为非常愤怒，所以答案选a。【最佳选项】a4what is the main idea of the text?a. delivering bad news properly is important in communication.b. helping others sincerely is the key to business success.c. receiving bad news requires great courage.d. learning ancient traditions can be useful.【详解剖析】主旨大意题。本文告诉我们“在日常交流中，当向别人传达坏消息时应该委婉地表达出来，以照顾到对方的感受，这在日常交流中是非常重要的”。由此可知答案为a项。【最佳选项】a what is ebay? the simple answer is that it is a global trading platform where nearly anyone can trade practically anything. people can sell and buy all kinds of products and goods，including cars, movies and dvds, sporting goods, travel tickets, musical instruments, clothes and shoes the list goes on and on.the idea came from pierre omidyar, who was born in paris and moved to washington when he was still a child. at high school, he became very interested in computer programming and after graduating from tufts university in 1988, he worked for the next few years as a computer engineer. in his free time he started ebay as a kind of hobby, at first offering the service free by word of mouth. by 1996 there was so much traffic on the website that he had to upgrade(升级) and he began charging a fee to members. joined by a friend, peter skoll, and in 1998 by his capable ceo, meg whitman, he_has_never_looked_back. even in the crashes of the late 1990s, ebay has gone from strength to strength. it is now one of the ten most visited online shopping websites on the internet.ebay sells connections, not goods, putting buyer and seller into contact with each other. all you have to do is take an ephoto, write a description, fill out a sales form and you are in business; the world is your market place. of course for each item (商品)sold ebay gets a percentage and that is a great deal of money. every day there are more than sixteen million items listed on ebay and eighty percent of the items are sold.【文章大意概括】文章向我们介绍了ebay网的一些情况。1we learn from the text that ebay provides people with _.a. a way of buying and selling goodsb. a website for them to upgradec. a place to exhibit their own photosd. a chance to buy things at low prices【详解剖析】根据第一段内容可知。【最佳选项】a2why did pierre create ebay after graduating from university?a. for fun.b. to make money.c. for gathering the engineers.d. to fulfill a task of his company.【详解剖析】由第二段第三句话可知。【最佳选项】a3from “he has never looked back ”in paragraph 2 we learn that pierre_.a. did not feel lonelyb. was always hopefulc. did not think about the pastd. became more and more successful【详解剖析】peter由原来的业余爱好开始，逐步走向成功，创建了世界知名网站。【最佳选项】d4how does ebay make money from its website?a. by bringing sellers together.b. by charging for each sale.c. by listing items online.d. by making ephotos.【详解剖析】由最后一段第一句话可知，这个网站通过提供交易平台，然后收取适当的服务费。因此b项正确。【最佳选项】b (2011四川卷，a)its 5：00 in the morning when the alarm (闹钟) rings in my ears. i roll out of bed and walk blindly through the dark into the bathroom. i turn on the light and put on my glasses. the house is still as i walk downstairs while my husband and three kids sleep peacefully. usually i go for a long run, but today i choose my favorite exercise dvd, insanity. sweat pours down my face and into my eyes. my heart races as i force my body to finish each movement. as i near the end of the exercise, i feel extremely tired, but a smile is on my face. its not a smile because the dvd is over, but a smile of success from pushing my body to its extreme limit.some people enjoy shopping, smoking, food, work, or even chocolate. but i need exercise to get through each day. some shake heads when they see me run through the town. others get hurt when i refuse to try just one bite of their grandmothers chocolate cake. they raise their eyebrows, surprised by my “no thank you，” or by my choice to have a salad. over the years, i have learned its okay to just say “no”. i shouldnt feel sorry for refusing food that i dont want to eat.so what drives me to roll out of bed at 5：00 am.？what gives me the reason to just say no to ice cream? commitment. a commitment to change my life with a way that reduces daily anxiety, increases selfconfidence and energy，extends life and above all improves my body shape.this is the point where a smile appears on my face as i look at myself in the mirror or try on my favorite pair of jeans that now fit just right.its through commitment and sweat that i can make a difference within myself inside and out.一个每天按时起床锻炼身体的女人，一个有着自己个性与喜好的女人，为了保持自己的体型，降低压力，提高自信，坚持着这种日复一日的锻炼，让自己每天都挂着笑容面对生活。1why is there a smile on the authors face in the morning?abecause she sees her family sleeping peacefully.bbecause she finishes her favorite exercise.cbecause she enjoys the interesting dvd.dbecause she feels a sense of achievement.答案：d。细节判断题。根据第一个段落的最后一句话， 先排除c的说法；在本句中“a smile of success of pushing”可以断定其实是一种成就感令她脸上挂着笑容。最大的干扰项可能会是b，但如果细读，会找到关键词“success”。2which of the following is true according to paragraph 2?ashe doesnt treat others politely.bshe likes to make others surprised.cothers dont understand what she dose.dothers try to help her by offering her food.答案：c。细节判断题。从本段的情节来看，选项a，d都相差甚远；而“i need exercise to get through each day”正是表明了作者的喜好，而不是像选项b说的喜欢出奇，故排除b。从“raised their eyebrows, surprised by.”来看，其实别人是感到奇怪而已。3what does the underlined word “commitment” in the last paragraph mean?agood health. bfirm belief.ca strong power. da regular habit.答案：b。词意理解题。从全文的语境信息来看，这么多年，这么坚持，这么享受，而且从“sweat”一词身上也能找到提示，即：坚定的信念与汗水，故选项b最符合语境。4what can we learn about the author from the text?ashe acts in a strange way.bshe wants to look different from others.cshe aims to develop a good body shape.dshe has difficulty getting along with others.答案：c。理解判断题。文章的最后一段中有一句话“above all improves my body shape”，从这句话中可以确定选项c的说法是正确的。b(2011重庆卷，c)getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. however, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.in the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. a particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. by 1538, the french king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. so did the king of england in 1546. thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. henry iv, king of france, was famously dirty. upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.though the belief in the merit of dirt was longlived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since world war .advertisements repeatedly sell the idea; clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays.many firsttime parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease.on the contrary，mary ruebush，an american immunologist(免疫学家)，encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system.and the latter position is gaining some ground.本文介绍了人们对灰尘的不同态度和看法。16世纪早期，人们认为灰尘能阻挡疾病。人们不能洗澡。18世纪时人们认为洗掉灰尘对身体有好处，能阻止疾病。而现在，人们对灰尘有不同看法，有人认为不能碰灰尘，而有人认为灰尘能增强免疫力。5the kings of france and england in the 16th century closed bath houses because _.athey lived healthily in a dirty environmentbthey thought bath houses were too dirty to stay incthey believed disease could be spread in public bathsdthey considered bathing as the cause of skin disease答案：c。细节理解题。根据短文第二段第二、三句话可知。人们认为公共浴池是特别危险的，法国和英国的国王都关闭了他们的浴池，由此可知c项正确。6which of the following best describes henry ivs attitude to bathing?aafraid. bcurious.capproving. duninterested.答案：a。推理判断题。根据短文第二段最后两句话可知，享利四世以脏出名，当他得知有人洗澡，为了避免疾病侵袭，他下令不准这人出门。由此可知享利四世对于洗澡是相当害怕的。7. how does the passage mainly develop?a. by providing examples.b. by making comparisons.c. by following the order of time.d. by following the order of importance.答案：c。细节理解题，本文是以时间为线索进行写作的。先写16世纪人们对灰尘的态度，然后是17世纪，最后写到今天人们的态度。8what is the authors purpose in writing the passage?a. to stress the role of dirt.b. to introduce the history of dirt.c. to call attention to the danger of dirt.d. to present the change of views on dirt.答案：d。细节理解题。整篇文章作者陈述了三个不同的时间，人们对待灰尘的看法，由此向我们展示了人们对灰尘观点的改变。*07*07*结束find which direction is southdo you have a good sense of direction? if not, please take with you a compass. but if you forget to take a compass, you can still find your way.it s never a good idea to imagine that the family member who was entrusted(委托) with the job of mapreading actually knows where the family is. you can tell by the slightly confused look on their faces that nothing on the ground seems to match the map. never mind. the sun is shining and it s still morning. if you dont know the exact time, you can still find out where south is, but youll need to be patient.find a straight stick and put it in the ground in a place where you can mark its shadow.try to position the stick as vertically(垂直) as you can.you can check this by making a simple plumb line (铅锤线)with a piece of string and weight. you haven t got any string？ok, use a thread from your clothes with a button tied at the end to act as a weight.mark the end of the shadow cast by the stick.wait approximately half an hour and mark the end of the shadow again.