高级英语第二册.doc

UNIT 7 The Libido for the Ugly1. boy and man, I had been through it often before (para 1) As a boy and later when I was a grown-up man, I had of- ten travelled through the region. 2. But somehow I had never quite sensed its appalling desolation.(para 1) But somehow in the past I never really perceived how shocking and wretched this whole region was.3. it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke (para 1 ) This dreadful scene makes all human endeavors to advance and improve their lot appear as a ghastly, saddening joke. 4. The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grime of the endless mills. (para 3) The country itself is pleasant to look at, despite the sooty dirt spread by the innumerable mills in this region.5. They have taken as their model a brick set on end. (para 3) The model they followed in building their houses was a brick standing upright. / All the houses they built iooked like bricks standing upright.6. This they have converted into a thing of dingy clapboards, with a narrow, low-pitched roof. (para 3) These brick-like houses were made of shabby, thin wooden boards and their roofs were narrow and had little slope.7. When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring. (para 4) When the brick is covered with the black soot of the mills it takes on the color of a rotten egg.8. Red brick, even in a steel town, ages with some dignity. ( para 4) Red brick, even in a steel town, looks quite respectable with the passing of time. / Even in a steel town, old red bricks still appear pleasing to the eye. 9. I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer. (para 5) I have given Westmoreland the highest award for ugliness after having done a lot of hard work and research and after continuous praying. 10. They show grotesqueries of ugliness that, in retrospect, become almost diabolical. (para5) They show such fantastic and bizarre ugliness that, in looking back, they become almost fiendish and wicked./ When one looks back at these houses whose ugliness is so fantastic and bizarre, one feels they must be the work of the devil himself.11. It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such masterpieces of horror. (para 6) It is hard to believe that people built such horrible houses just because they did not know what beautiful houses were like. 12. On certain levels of the American race, indeed, there seems to be a positive libido for the ugly (para 7) People in certain strata of American society seem definite- ly to hunger after ugly things; while in other less Chris- tian strata, people seem to long for things beautiful.13. They meet, in some unfathomable way, its obscure and unintelligible demands. (para 7) These ugly designs, in some way that people cannot un- derstand, satisfy the hidden and unintelligible demands of this type of mind.14. they made it perfect in their own sight by putting a completely impossible penthouse, painted a staring yellow, on top of it (para 8) They put a penthouse on top of it, painted in a bright, conspicuous yellow color and thought it looked perfect but they only managed to make it absolutely intolerable.15. Out of the melting pot emerges a race which hates beauty as it hates truth. (para 9)From the intermingling of different nationalities and races in the United States emerges the American race which hates beauty as strongly as it hates truthUNIT8 The worker as Creator or Machine1. by the very fact of production, he has risen above the animal kingdom (para 1 )Because of the fact itself that man produces, he has devel oped far beyond all other animals.2. Work is also his liberator from nature, his creator as a social and independent being. (para 1) Work also frees man from nature and makes him into a so cial being independent of nature.3. all are expressions of the creative transformation of nature by mans reason and skill (para 1) All the above-mentioned work shows how man has trans formed nature through his reason and skill.4. There is no split of work and play, or work and culture. ( para 2)Therefore pleasure and work went together so did the cul tural development of the worker go hand in hand with the work he was doing.5. Work became the chief factor in a system of innerworldly asceticism, an answer to mans sense of aloneness and isolation. (para 3) Work became the chief element in a system that preached an austere and self-denying way of life. Work was the only thing that brought relief to those who felt alone and isolat ed leading this kind of ascetic life. 6. Work has become alienated from the working person. (para 5)In capitalist society the worker feels estranged from or hos tile to the work he is doing.7.Work is a means of getting money, not in itself a meaningful human activity. (para 7) Work helps the worker to earn some money; and earning money only is an activity without much significance or pur pose.8. a pay check is not enough to base ones self-respect on( para 7) Just earning some money is not enough to make a worker have a proper respect of himself.9. most industrial psychologists are mainly concerned with the manipulation of the workers psyche (para 9) Most industrial psychologists are mainly trying to manage and control the mind of the worker.10. It is going to pay off in cold dollars and cents to management (para 9) Better relations with the public will yield larger profits to management. The management will earn larger profits if it has better relations with the public.11. But this usefulness often serves only as a rationalization for the appeal to complete passivity and receptivity. (para 11) The fact that many gadgets are indeed useful is often used by advertisers as a more high-minded cover for what is really a vulgar, base appeal to idleness and willingness to accept things.12. he has a feeling of fraudulency about his product and a secret contempt for it (para 13)The businessman knows the quality or usefulness of his product is not what it should be. He despises the goods he produces, conscious of the deception involved.UNIT 10 The Sad Young Men 1. Tho slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged (para1)At the very mention of this post-war period, middle-aged people begin to think about it longingly.2. The rejection of Victorian gentility was, in any case, inevitable. (para3)In any case, an American could not avoid casting aside its middle-class respectability and affected refinement.3. The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure (para3)The war only helped to speed up the breakdown of the Victorian social structure.4. it was tempted, in America at least, to escape its responsibilities and retreat behind an air of naughty alcoholic sophistication (para4)In America at least, the young people were strongly inclined to shirk their responsibilities. They pretended to be worldly-wise, drinking and behaving naughtily.5. Prohibition afforded the young the additional opportunity of making their pleasures illicit (para4)The young people found greater pleasure in their drinking because Prohibition, by making drinking unlawful added a sense of adventure.6. our young men began to enlist under foreign flags (para5)Our young men joined the armies of foreign countries to fight in the war.7. they wanted to get into the fun before the whole thing turned belly up (para5)The young people wanted to take part in the glorious ad-venture before the whole war ended.8. they had outgrown towns and families (para6)These young people could no longer adapt themselves to lives in their home towns or their families.9. the returning veteran also had to face . the hypocritical do-goodism of Prohibition (para6)The returning veteran also had to face Prohibition which the lawmakers hypocritically assumed would do good to the people.10. Something in the tension-ridden youth of America had to give (para6)(Under all this force and pressure) something in the youth of America, who were already very tense, had to break down.11. it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pens inflamed against war, Babbittry, and Puritanical gentility, should flock to the traditional artistic center (para7)It was only natural that hopeful young Writers whose minds and writings were filled with violent anger against war, Babbitry, and Puritanical gentility, should come in great numbers to live in Greenwich Village, the traditional artistic centre.12. Each town had its fast set which prided itself on its unconventionality (para8)Each town was proud that it had a group of wild, reckless people, who lived unconventional lives.UNIT 11 The Future of the English1. below the noisy arguments, the abuse and the quarrels, there is a reservoir of instinctive fellow-feeling (para2)The English people may hotly argue and abuse and quarrel with each other but there still exists a lot of natural sympathetic feeling for each other.2. at heart they would like to take a whip to the whole idle troublesome mob of them (para2)What the wealthy employers would really like to do is to whip all the workers whom they consider to be lazy and troublesome people.3. there are not many of these men, either on the board or the shop floor (para2)There are not many snarling shop stewards in the work-shop, nor are there many cruel wealthy employers on the board of managers (or governing board of a factory).4. It demands bigness, and they are suspicious of bigness. (para3 )The contemporary world demands that everything be done on a big scale and the English do not like or trust bigness.5. Against this, at least superficially, Englishness seems a poor shadowy show (para4)At least on the surface, when Englishness is put against the power and success of Admass, English ness seems to put up a rather poor weak performance.6. while Englishness is not hostile to change, it is deeply suspicious of change for changes sake (para5)Englishness is not against change, but it believes that changing just for changing and for no other useful purpose to be very wrong and harmful.7. To put cars and motorways before houses seems to Englishness a communal imbecility. (para5)To regard cars and motorways as more important than houses seems to Englishness a public stupidity8. I must add that while Englishness can still fight on, Admass could be winning. (para6)I must further say that while Englishness can go on fighting, there is a great possibility of Admass winning.9. It must have some moral capital to draw upon, and soon it may be asking for an overdraft. (para6)Englishness draws its strength from a reservoir of strong moral and ethical principles, and soon it may be asking for strength which this reservoir of principles cannot supply.10. They probably believe, as I do, that the AdmassGood Life is a fraud on all counts. (para9)These people probably believe, as I do, that the Good Life promised by Admass is false and dishonest in all respects.11. They can be found, too - though not in large numbers because the breed is dying out - among crusty High Tories who avoid the City and directors fees. (para9)They can be found too though there are not many of them now because these kind of people are dying out - among the curt, bad-tempered, extremely conservative politicians who refuse to accept high posts in big commercial enterprises.12. they are inept, shiftless, slovenly, messy (para11)They are incompetent, lazy and inefficient, careless and untidy.13. he will not even find much satisfaction in this scrounging messy existence, which does nothing for a mans self-respect (para11)He will not even find much satisfaction in his untidy and disordered life where he manages to live as a parasite by sponging on people. This kind of life does not help a person to build up any self-respect.14. To them the House of Commons is a remote squabbling- shop. (para14)These people think of the House of Commons as a place rather far away where some people are always quarreling and arguing over some small matter.15. heavy hands can fall on the shoulders that have been shrugging away politics (para14)If a dictator comes to power, these people then will soon learn in the worst way that they were very wrong to ignore politics for they can now suddenly and for no reason be arrested and thrown into prison.12. 1. The fate of an American is complicated and hard to understand. 2. They were uneasy and uncomfortable in Europe as I was. 3. They were all trying to find their own special individualities. 4. I dont think I could have accepted in America my Negro status without feeling ashamed. 5. Europe can also have a very frustrating or disabling effect. 6. It is easier in Europe for people of different social groups and occupations to intermingle and have social intercourse. 7. In Europe a good waiter and a good actor are equally proud of their social status and position. They are not jealous of each other and do not live in fear of losing their position. 8. I was born in New York but have lived only in some small areas of the city. 9. The reconsideration of the significance and importance of many things that one had taken for granted in the past can be very painful, though very valuable. 10. The life of a writer really depends on his accepting the fact that no matter where he goes or what he does he will always carry the marks of his origins. 11. American writers live in a mobile society where nothing is fixed, so they do not have a fixed society to describe. 12. Every society is influenced and directed by hidden laws, and by many things deeply felt and taken for granted by the people, though not openly spoken about.14. 1. Nowadays New York cannot understand nor follow the taste of the American people. 2. New York boasts that it is a city that resists the prevailing trends (styles, fashion)of America. 3. Situation comedies made in Hollywood and the actual p