八年级下册英语短语.doc

外装订线东戴河新区实验学校设计 20152016学年度第二学期八年级重点短语及句型归纳Unit One： 一、疾病： 1、感冒 have a cold 2、胃痛 have a stomachache 3、牙痛 have a toothache 4、发烧 have a fever 5、嗓子疼，咽喉疼 have a sore throat 6、头疼 have a headache 7、割（切）伤某人自己 cut oneself 8、有心脏病 have a heart problem 9、流鼻血 have a nosebleed 10、撞了头 get hit on the head 11、感到恶心 feel sick 12、伤了某个部位 hurt ones +身体部位 13、（在做某事时）伤到某人自己 hurt oneself （doing sth.） 14、磕破（切伤）某人的身体部位 cut ones +身体部位 15、被.击中 get hit by. 二、建议： 1、躺下休息 lie down and rest 2、量体温 take ones temperature 3、喝一些加有蜂蜜的热茶 drink some hot tea with honey 4、看牙医 go to the dentist/see a dentist 5、拍X光片 get an X-ray 6、在.上面敷些药 put some medicine on. 7、吃药 take some medicine 8、带某人去医院 take sb. to the hospital 9、休息几天 rest for a few days 10、用绷带包扎它 put a bandage on it 11、用水冲洗它 run it under water 12、看医生 go to the doctor/see a doctor 13、休息（短暂）take a break/take breaks 三、其他： 1、整个周末 all weekend 2、陷入麻烦 get into trouble 3、以同样的方式 in the same way 4、远离 away from 5、沿着.走 walk/go along 6、大声呼救 shout for help 7、在路边 on the side of the road 8、幸亏；由于 thanks to 9、及时 in time 10、考虑；思考 think about 11、立即；马上right away/at once 12、下车 get off 13、使.惊讶的是 to ones surprise 14、摔倒；倒塌；落下 fall down 15、做某事有困难 have problems/trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth. 16、习惯于做某事 be used to doing sth. 17、冒险 take a risk/take risks 18、失去某人的生命 lose ones life 19、用尽；耗尽run out (of） 20、.的重要性 the importance of 21、坚持做某事 keep (on) doing sth. 22、讲述 tell of 23、离开；从.出来 get out of 24、掌管；管理 be in control of 25、准备做某事;乐意做某事 be ready to do sth. 26、切除 cut off 27、依赖；依靠；取决于 depend on 28、决定做某事 decide to do sth./make a decision to do sth. 29、放弃 give up 四、句型及固定用法： 1、某人怎么了？ Whats the matter with sb.?=Whats wrong with sb.?=Whats the trouble with sb.?2、 agree with sb. 同意某人（的观点） agree to do sth. 同意做某事3、 see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事 see sb. do sth. 看见某人做了某事或经常做某事 具有相似用法的词 watch(观看)，hear（听到），notice（注意），find（发现）.4、 expect (sb.) to do sth. 期待（某人）做某事 5、 be + 过去分词 被动语态 6、seem seem (to be) +n./adj. seem to do sth. It seems +that从句7、 so that+句子 = in order to do sth.=in order that +句子8、 so adj. (a/an +n.) that. such (a/an) adj. + n. that. 如此.以至于. 9、 should 情态动词，表建议，否定 shouldntUnit Two：一、短语：1、打扫干净 clean up 2、（使）变得更高兴 cheer up3、分发；散发 give out 4、想出；提出 come up with5、推迟 put off 6、分发 hand out（上交 hand in）7、打电话给某人 call sb. up/give sb. a call 8、过去常常做某事 used to do sth.9、照顾；照看 care for/look after/ take care of 10、为.筹钱 raise money for11、参加.选拔 try out for 12、修理 fix up/repair13、捐赠；赠送 give away 14、（外貌或行为）像 take after15、与.相似 be similar to 16、看起来像 look like17、忙于某事 be busy with sth. 18、忙于做某事 be busy doing sth.19、在.岁的时候 at the age of 20、同时 at the same time21、一种满足感 a feeling of satisfaction 22、张贴；搭建；举起 put up23、实现 come true 24、担心；担忧 worry about/be worried about25、建立 set up 26、对.有影响 make a difference to27、使做某事成为可能 make it possible to do sth. 28、帮助某人脱离困境 help sb. Out29、对.感到兴奋 be excited about 30、最美好的祝愿 best wishes31、能够做某事 be able to do sth. 32、例如 for example(,) ; such as33、计划做某事 plan to do sth./ make a plan to do sth./make plans to do sth.34、自愿(献出时间)做某事 volunteer（ones time) to do sth. 35、至少 at least二、句型及固定用法：1、alone PK lonely: alone 指单独一个人；lonely指感觉孤单、寂寞。2、他们给我讲过去的故事，讲过去是什么样子的。 They told me stories about the past and how things used to be.3、 at the age of 可以转化为when引导的时间状语从句，注意时态。eg: She could play the guitar at the age of four. = She could play the guitar when she was four.4、 be good at =be strong in= do well in 擅长5、 work on 从事于； work out 解决； work out fine 产生好效果 Unit Three： 一、短语： 1、倒垃圾 take out the rubbish 2、整理床铺 make the bed 3、叠衣服 fold the clothes 4、看电影 go to the movies 5、在外面待到很晚 stay out late 6、完成做某事 finish doing sth. 7、洗餐具 do the dishes 8、扫地 sweep the floor 9、出去吃饭 go out for dinner 10、搭便车 get a ride 11、让某人搭车 give sb. a ride 12、频繁；反复 all the time 13、生某人的气 be angry with sb. 14、放学回家 come back from school 15、过来；顺便来访 come over 16、整天 all day 17、扔下 throw down 18、扔掉 throw away 19、带.去散步 take.for a walk 20、惊讶地；惊奇地 in surprise 21、走开 walk away 22、一.就. as soon as/the minute 23、两者 neither of 24、分担家务 share the housework 25、乱七八糟的/乱成一团 be in a mess 26、没问题 No problem. 27、去商店 go to the store 28、浪费. a waste of. 29、对于某人来说做某事是没有必要的 theres no need for sb. to do sth. 30、做某事是某人的职责 its ones job/duty to do sth. 31、介意做某事 mind doing sth. 32、培养孩子们的独立性develop childrens independence 33、结果 as a result 34、生病 fall ill二、句型及固定用法： 1、 Two hours of TV is enough for you. 表示时间、距离、金钱等的复数名词作主语，看成一个整体，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 2、 borrow PK lend borrow “借来”，经常与“from”连用；lend“借给；借出”经常与“to”连用。 3、 表示某人也不怎样，用neither+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语 eg: He didnt finish his homework. Neither did I. 4、 in the front of 在物体内部的前面； in front of 在物体外部的前面 5、 和某人分享某物 share sth. with sb. 6、invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事；invite sb. to + 地点 邀请某人到某地 7、本单元主要学习一些表示家务活动的动词短语，以及Could you please do?句型表示有礼貌地提出请求和应答,其否定形式为Could you please not do?。could为情态动词can的过去式，其本身也是情态动词，意为“能，可以”，比can在语气上更加委婉和有礼貌。Could之后须跟动词原形。回答could提问的句子时，若是肯定回答则用Sure, Certainly等；若是否定回答则用No, I cant.或 Sorry, Im afraid not.等。 如：Could you clean the classroom? 你可以把黑板擦干净吗？ Sure. 当然可以。 Could you come to my birthday party? 你能来参加我的生日聚会吗？ Im afraid not. 恐怕不行。 8、 Give him water and feed him. 给他喂水和食物。(1) give及物动词，后可接双宾语give sb. sth，也可用give sth. to sb.这一结构。【金钥匙】当某物是代词时，不宜用give me + 代词。如：误：Give him it. 正：Give it to him.(2) feed 作及物动词，意为“喂养，饲养”。常用于这些结构中：feed+宾语+on sth.，feed sth. to +宾语，feed+宾语+with sth.，feed+宾语+sth.。如： She feeds the baby on / with milk. 她喂婴儿牛奶。 We feed the cows with grass. 我们用草来喂牛。 He feeds some fish to the cat. 他把鱼喂给猫吃。 feed作不及物动词时，意为“以为食”，常与on连用。如： Sheep feed on grass. 羊以草为食。Unit Four： 一、短语： 1、与某人交谈 talk to/with sb. 2、太多 too many/too much 3、有足够的睡眠 get enough sleep 4、有空闲时间 have free time 5、允许某人做某事allow sb to do sth. 6、与某人闲逛 hang out with sb. 7、课外活动课 afterschool classes 8、与某人/打架 get into a fight with sb. 9、直到半夜 until midnight 10、给某人写信 write sb. a letter 11、重要的事 a big deal 12、令某人惊讶 surprise sb 13、浏览 look through 14、学得过多 study too much 15、与.相处get on with/get along with 16、经常吵架/打架 fight a lot 17、笼罩 hang over 18、拒绝做某事 refuse to do sth. 19、主动提出做某事offer to do sth. 20、与某人交流communicate with sb. 21、介意某人做某事mind sb doing sth. 22、依.看 in ones opinion 23、为某人提供某物offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sb. 24、删除 cut out 25、和某人争吵 argue with sb. 26、使某人生气 make sb. angry 27、抄袭某人的作业 copy ones homework 28、互相帮助 help each other 29、做自己be oneself 30、家庭成员 family members 31、独自消磨时光 spend time alone 32、给某人施 give sb. pressure压 33、与某人打架 have a fight with sb. 34、与某人竞争 compete with sb. 35、业余活动free time activities 36、取得更好的成绩 get better grades 37、提出某人的观点give ones opinion 38、学习应试技巧learn exam skills 39、比较；对比 comparewith 40、造成压力 cause stress 41、今后 in future 42、provide sb. with sth.= provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物 二句型及固定用法1、Why dont you forget about it?= Why not forget about it? “Why dont you= Why not”2、return sth. to sb. = give sth. back to sb. 将某物还给某人 return to sp.=go back to sp.返回某地3、 have a quick dinner 迅速地吃完饭4、 Not.until.直到.才. eg：He didnt go to bed until his mother came back.5、 If 引导宾语从句，“是否”有时可以和whether互换，从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。 引导条件状语从句，“如果”，时态：主将从现Unit Five： 一、短语： 1、等待 wait for 2、接电话 answer the phone/pick up (the phone) 3、在公交站点 at the bus stop 4、走回家 walk home 5、洗热水澡 take a hot shower 6、（闹钟）发出响声 go off 7、在.的时候 at the time of 8、错过公交车 miss the bus 9、醒得晚 wake up late 10、进入梦乡 fall asleep 11、看一看 have a look 12、在社区里in the neighborhood 13、使.分离break.apart 14、在困难时期 in times of difficulty 15、几根木头 pieces of wood 16、确保 make sure 17、逐渐变弱；逐渐消失 die down 18、路过 walk by 19、错过这件事 miss the event 20、费力前进（到某地）make ones way (to+sp.) 21、想要做某事would like to do sth.=want to do sth.=feel like doing sth. 22、起初；首先 at first 23、剩下的 the rest of 24、说实话 to tell the truth 25、拆除 take down 26、沉默 in silence 27、受震惊 be shocked 28、向窗外看 look out of the windows 29、指出point out 30、也 as well 31、没有任何错误 without any mistakes 32、停止呼吸stop breathing 33、某事对于某人来说有意义 sth. has meaning to sb. 34、练习做某事practice doing sth.2、 句型及固定用法： 1、What were people doing yesterday at the time of the rainstorm? 过去进行时态： 用法：过去某个时间正在发生的动作 He was cooking at six last night. 昨天晚上六点，他正在做饭。 过去某段时间正在发生的动作 I was staying here from March to May last year.去年从3月到5月，我一直呆在这里。 与过去进行时连用的时间状语，常见的有 at nine last night，at that time， then，at this time yesterday，或有when the teacher came in/ while he was reading的提示 过去进行时的构成：waswere +现在分词 过去进行时的四个基本句型 肯定句 He was cooking at six last night. 否定句 He was not cooking at six last night. 一般疑问句 Was he cooking at six last night?两回答 Yes ,he was. No, he wasnt. 特殊疑问句 What was he doing at six last night? 过去进行时的固定句型 Jim was reading when the teacher came in. 当老师进来的时候，吉姆正在读书。 Jim was reading while Kate was watching TV. 在凯特正在看电视的同时，吉姆正在读书。 Jim came in while Kate was watching TV. 在凯特正在看电视的时候，吉姆进来了。请比较：He watched TV last night. （过去时间last night, 用一般过去时） He was watching TV at nine last night. (过去时间last night+点时间at nine, 用过去进行时)2、 pick uppick up接电话Tom, I called you, but you didnt pick up捡起；拾起I pick up a wallet on my way home（开车）接某人I will pick you up at the station3、beat与win辨析4、against 倚；碰；撞表示“反对”，其反义词为for。若表示“强烈反对”，一般用副词strongly： Areyoufororagainsttheplan? 你对这个计划是赞成还是反对呢?表示位置，意为“靠着”、“顶着”、等： Theteachersdeskisagainstthewall.老师的办公桌靠墙放着。 Hestoodleaningagainstthetree.他站着斜靠在墙上5、happen 发生；碰巧（指偶然性发生）(1) happen v “发生”没有被动语态 ，主语是物，强调某事发生的偶然性a. sth. happen to sb. 某事发生在某人身上eg:What happened to you?=What was wrong with you?b. sb. happen to do sth. 某人碰巧做某事 eg:She happened to be (be) out when we called.(2) take place 发生，指事情有计划有安排地发生6、 when 与 while:(1)都可以引导时间状语从句；(2)When既可以与延续性动词连用，也可以与非延续性动词连用；while只能与延续性动词连用，但表示两个动作同时进行时用while，另外，while也可以表示对比。7、 asleepbe asleep强调睡着的状态The baby is asleepfall asleep强调入睡的动作My father was so tired that he fell asleep quicklyfall asleep, sleep, go to sleep, get to sleep, go to bed用法区别。fall asleep属“连系动词+表语”结构，“入睡；睡着”，指进入梦乡，往往含有“不知不觉就睡着了“的意思。asleep在此作表语形容词。He was just falling asleep when there was a loud knock at the door.他刚要入睡时，这时传来了响亮的敲门声。 sleep指睡觉时的一种状态，是一个延续性的动词。He likes to sleep for an hour in the afternoon.他喜欢在下午睡上一个小时。 go to sleep意为“入睡，睡着”，强调从开始睡到睡着的过程。I just want to close my eyes and go to sleep as quickly as possible.我只是想闭上眼睛，尽快地睡上一觉。get to sleep与go to sleep意思相近，但它强调的是进入睡眠状态。She was too excited to get to sleep last night. 她昨晚因太激动而不能入睡。go to bed“就寝”，“上床睡觉”，指上床去睡这个动作，与get up相对应。Unit Six： 一、短语：1. work on doing sth. 致力于做某事 2. for the first time 第一次3. once upon a time 从前 4. continue doing/to do sth. 继续做某事5. make sth. happen 使某事发生 6.try to do sth. 试图做某事7. the journey to sp. .之旅 8. tell the/a story 讲故事9. put on 穿上 10. a little bit 有点儿11. keep /keep on doing sth. 坚持做 12. all over the world/around the world全世界13. instead of 代替;反而 14. turn . into 变成15. get married 结婚 16. the main character 主要人物；主人公17. at other times 在另外一些时候 18. be able to 能;会19. come out (书、电影等)出版 20. become interested in. 对感兴趣21. walk to the other side 走到另一边去 22. a fairy tale 一个神话故事23. the rest of the story 故事的其余部分 24. leave sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事25. make a plan to do sth. 筹划/计划做某事 26. go to sleep 去睡觉 27. lead sb. to sp. 把某人领到某地 28. be/get lost 迷路 29. change ones plan 改变计划 30. tell sb. to do sth. 叫某人做某事 31. in the moonlight 在月光下 32. find one s way home 找到某人回家的路33. the next day 第二天 34. send sb. to sp. 派某人去某地35. Find out查明；发现 36. fall in love with爱上；喜欢上. 二、句型及固定用法：1. What do you think about/of. . ?So what do you think about the story of Yu Gong?你觉得愚公的故事怎么样？2. It doesnt seem to do sth.It doesnt seem very possible to move -a mountain.把一座山给移掉好像不太可能。 seem (to be)+n./adj. Seem seem to do It seems that+从句3. This is because. This is because he can make 72 changes to his shape and size, turning himself into different animals and objects. 这是因为他会根据他的形状和大小，做出72种变化，可以将自己变成不同的动物或东西。4. so that+从句Sometimes he can make the stick so small that he can keep it in his ear.有时候，他能够让他的金箍棒变得很小，以至于可以放在耳朵里。5. It take sb. some time to do sth .Because they were so big that it took a long time to walk to the other side.这些（山）太高了，他们要花好长时间才能翻越过去。6. not. until十从句 Don t eat it until you get to the forest. 你们到达森林之后才能吃。7. This story reminds us that you can never (know / see) whats possible unless you try to make it happen.这个故事提醒我们如果你不尽力去做就不会（知道/ 看见） 什么是可能的。remind： (1) remind 想起，使想起= make sb. think of (2) remind 句型 remind of 提醒，使记起 remind sb. of sth 使某人记起某事 remind sb. to do sth提醒某人去做某事 remind sb. + that从句8. You have different opinions about the story, and neither of you are wrong. 对于这个故事，你们有不同的观点，你们都没有错。Neither: (1) neither 两者都不（反）-both两者都 (2) “neither of +名词复数” 作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式 (3)neithernor “既不 也不” ,连接两个词做主语，谓语动词遵循就近原则。 (4)若要表达“也不” 则用 “Neither /Nor + be / V助 / V情 + 主”9.The new couple were so happy that they couldnt stop smiling when they got married. 这对新婚夫妇很高兴，以至于当他们结婚的时候，他们止不住地笑。【解析1】couple (1) the couple 夫妻二人（谓语动词通常用复数）(2) a couple of 两个或几个 【解析2】couldnt stop doing sth= couldnt help doing sth忍不住做某事【解析3】get married 结婚 (marry v.嫁娶 ) (1)A marry B. “A 与B结婚” (2) A and B get married = A and B are married A和B结婚 (3) marry A to B “ 把A 嫁给B” (4) be married to sb. 与结婚10. be made of PK be made frombe made of “由.制成”，可以看出原材料； be made from“由.制成”，不能看出原材料。三语法难点本单元的语法重点是状语从句，主要讲述以下三种状语从句。1.unless引导条件状语从句(主将从现) unless = if not “除非，若不”They will go tomorrow unless it rains.= They will go tomorrow if it doesnt rains.2.as soon as引导时间状语从句。 “一就” (主将从现)He will come and see you as soon as he can.3. so.that.引导结果状语从句句型1：“主语+谓语+so+形容词/副词+that从句”The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward.句型2： so +形容词 + a/an + 单数名词 + that从句It was so hot a day that they all went swimming.句型3. so + many/ few + 复数名词 + that从句He has so few friends that he often feels lonely.句型4： so +much/ little + 不可数名词 + that 从句 I had so little money that I couldnt buy a pen.Unit Seven： 一、短语：1. as big as 与一样大 2. one of the oldest countries 最古老的国家之一3. feel free to do sth. 随意地做某事 4. as far as I know 据我所知5. man-made objects 人造物体 6. part of. . 的组成部分7. the highest mountain 最高的山脉 8. in the world 在世界上9. any other mountain 其他任何一座山 10. of all the salt lakes 在所有的咸水湖中11. run along 跨越/绵延 12. freezing weather 冰冻的天气13. take in air 呼吸空气 14. the first people to do sth. 第一个做某事的人15. in the face of （difficulties) 面临(危险) 16. give up doing sth. 放弃做某事17. achieve ones dream 实现某人的梦想 18. the force(s) of nature 自然界的力量19. reach the top 到达顶峰 20. even though/if 虽然;尽管21. at birth 在出生的时候 22. be awake 醒着23. run over with excitement 兴奋地跑过去24. walk into sb. 撞到某人25. fall over 摔倒 26. live up to 活到.27. every two years 每两年 28. cut down the forests 砍伐林木29. endangered animals 濒危动物 30. fewer and fewer pandas 大熊猫越来越少31. be in danger 处于危险之中 32. as you can see 正如你所看到的那样33. the importance of saving these animals拯救这些动物的重要性 34.prepare.for.为.准备. 35. 300 or so 300左右=about 300二、句型及固定用法：1、about 9,600 ,000 square kilometers in size. 大小约9,6000,0000平方公里。square: (1）adj. “平方米” , 用于数字后表面积。95 square meters 95平方米 （2） n , 正方形；广场Many old people like dancing on the square after supper.2、1，025 meters deep 1，025米深【注】在英语中，表示事物的长、宽、高、深等时，主要有两种表达方式：结构1：“基数词+单位名词+形容词（long,wide,tall, deep等）”。如果数词超过1，单位名词要用复数形式。【注】单位词有：meter; foot; inch（尺）; kilogram 等 Yao Ming is over 2 meters tall. /The river is 50 meters wide. “基数词+ 单位名词+ in + 名词（length; width; height; depth等） two meters long = two meters in length 2米长 three feet high = two feet in height. 3英尺高结构2： 长、宽、高、深还可用复合形容词表示 “数字+量词（单位）+形容词（long/ wide/ tall/ deep等）” . 各个词间用连字符连接，常作前置定语修饰名词。 Jeremy Shu-How Lin is a 1.91-meter-tall basketball player.【解析2】deep adj. 深的 take a deep breath.深深呼吸【拓展】 adj n deep depth long length high height wide width 3、Qomolangma is _ than any other mountain in the world.珠穆朗玛峰比世界上任何山都_.【解析】 “any other +可数名词的单数” 任何其他的【用法1】any other “其他任何一个” ,后接可数名词单数，指在同一范围内除了某人或某物以外的其他任何