高考英语 阅读理解精英训练题（20）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解精英训练题（20）及答案no woman can be too rich or too thin. this saying often attributed to the late duchess of windsor embodies much of the odd spirit of our times. being thin is deemed as such a virtue. the problem with such a view is that some people actually attempt to live by it. i myself have fantasies of slipping into narrow designer clothes. consequently, i have been on a diet for the betteror worsepart of my life. being rich wouldnt be bad either, but that wont happen unless an unknown relative dies suddenly in some distant land, leaving me millions of dollars. where did we go off the track? when did eating butter become a sin, and a little bit of extra flesh unappealing, if not repellent? all religions have certain days when people refrain from eating and excessive eating is one of christianitys seven deadly sins. however, until quite recently, most people had a problem getting enough to eat. in some religious groups, wealth was a symbol of probable salvation and high morals, and fatness a sign of wealth and wellbeing. today the opposite is true. we have shifted to thinness as our new mark of virtue. the result is that being fat or even only somewhat overweightis bad because it implies a lack of moral strength.our obsession(迷恋) with thinness is also fueled by health concerns. it is true that in this country we have more overweight people than ever before, and that, in many cases, being overweight correlates with an increased risk of heart and blood vessel disease. these diseases. , however, may as much to do with our way of life and our highfat diets as with excess weight. and the associated risk of cancer in the digestive system may be more of a dietary problemtoo much fat and a lack of fiberthan a weight problem. the real concern, then, is not what we weight too much, but that we neither exercise enough nor eat well. exercise is necessary for strong bones and both heart and lung health. a balanced diet without a lot of fat can also help the body avoid many diseases. we should surely stop paying so much attention to weight. simply being thin is not enough. it is actually hazardous if those who (or already are) thin think they are automatically healthy and thus free from paying attention to their overall lifestyle. thinness can be pure vainglory(虚荣).6. in the eyes of the author, an odd phenomenon nowadays is that _.a. the duchess of windsor is regarded as a woman of virtueb. looking slim is a symbol of having a large fortunec being thin is viewed as a much desired qualityd religious people are not necessarily virtuous7. swept by the prevailing trend, the author _.a. had to go on a diet for the greater part of her lifeb. could still prevent herself from going off the trackc. had to seek help from rich distant relativesd. had to wear highly fashionable clothes8. in human history, peoples views on body weight _a. were closely related to their religious beliefs b. changed from time to timec. varied between the poor and the rich d. led to different moral standard9. the author criticizes womens obsession with thinness _-.a from an economic and educational perspective b. from sociological and medical points of viewc from a historical and religious standpointd. in the light of moral principles10. whats the authors advice to women who are absorbed in the idea of thinness?a they should be more concerned with their overall life style.b they should be more watchful for fatal diseases.c they should gain weight to look healthyd they should rid themselves of fantasies about designer clothes 参考答案 cabba 第三部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(a、b、c和d)中，选出最佳选项。a(2012河南洛阳统考)in the usa，driving laws differ somewhat from state to state and considerably from what you are used to.here is a list of some important differences.speed limitsspeed limits are designated in miles per hour(mph)，not kilometers.one mile equals 1.6093 kilometers.within cities the speed limit is usually 25 mph.major streets with two or more lines may post a higher limit of 35 mph，but you should assume a 25 mph limit unless you see a sign with a higher limit.highways have a speed limit of 55 mph，with some interstate highways posting a higher limit of 65 mph.fines for speeding are heavy and can result in higher insurance fees and license suspension(扣留)driving on the rightunlike the uk，some countries in asia，in australia，and in the united states cars drive on the right side of the road，and steering wheels(方向盘) are located on the left side of the car.even if you dont drive a car，you need to be aware of this rule.every year a few international students are hit by cars because they step off the roadsides into the path of oncoming traffic.on most streets cars will be coming from your left，not your right.insurancemost states require you to maintain certain minimum levels of insurance on your car in case you are involved in an accident.the insurance covers your liability(责任) for damage to other cars and injuries caused to all the people involved in the accident.we strongly recommend getting insurance that covers more than the legal minimum.you can also get collision(碰撞) insurance to cover the cost of fixing your car and theft insurance in case the car is stolen，but this is only worthwhile for a new car or a model of recent years.if you dont have car insurance，you wont be able to register the car.56when driving in an american city，youd better limit your speed within about _.a25 mph b35 mph c55 mph d65 mph57if you drive beyond the speed limits，youll _.abe sent into prison bget no car insurancechave to pay much money dbe taken to the police station58we learn from the passage that international students in america _.aalways drive cars on the left bcan hardly afford to have their own carscknow about the rules clearly dshould pay more attention to the rules59which car insurance should you get in order to save your money to repair your car?aliability insurance. btheft insurance.ccollision insurance. dinjury insurance.56a根据“speed limits”中第三、四句的内容可知当你开车行驶在美国的城市里时，最好将车速限制在每小时25英里左右。57c根据“speed limits”中最后一句的内容可知如果超速行驶，驾车者须付很重的罚金，保险费用更高，且驾照也会被扣留。58d根据“driving on the right”中第二段第二句可推知在美国的外国留学生应该多注意交通规则。59c根据“insurance”中的“you can also get collision(碰撞) insurance to cover the cost of fixing your car.”可知，如果你想省下修车的钱，可以办理“碰撞险”。 beginning college is exciting: new ideas to explore, new challenges to be met and many decisions to be made. your future begins here.however, you will find college life is different from your previous school environment. many of us can be easily overwhelmed(压垮) by the details of running a well-balanced life. while some of us may have the know-how, i guess there are more of us who can benefit from learning about the experiences of other who have walked the college halls before you.the following you may find of use about life on campus.1. plan well. there are so many new things to do at a new college or university, social and academic(学术的). give yourself time to make new friends and become familiar with the campus, but dont forget why you are there. give some time for social activities and manage your time wisely. 2. if you dont have a “system” for planning your time now (like a day time, a computer date book), get one. most of all, dont depend on your memory.3. dont miss the guidelines, restrictions, rules and regulations of all kinds can usually be found in your student handbook. consider them well-balanced food for thought. what dates are important? what pieces of paper need to be handed in? what can/cant you do in your student residence(住处)? who has authority for what? what do you need to complete to graduate?4. write the word “study” on the walls of our bedroom and bathroom, and maybe it will help to write it on a piece of paper and stick it on the telephone, tv and the kitchen table. consider this you are paying thousands of dollars for courses. you pay every time you have to repeat or replace a course.9. what is the main purpose of the passage?a. to offer advice on college life.b. to explain why college life is exciting.c. to describe the importance of college life.d. to persuade you to go to college 10. from the passage, we can know .a. one will have more freedom at collegeb. one will make more friends at collegec. one prepares for ones future career and life at colleged. professors at college will provide you with many new ideas11. what is the probable meaning of the underlined word “know-how” (in paragraph 2)?a. an understanding of how things are going at college.b. a practical knowledge about how to behave and what to do at college.c. college halls where rules and regulations are presented.d. an environment completely different from the one youre used to.12. according to the passage, college students .a. neednt learn from those who went to college before themb. should spend as much time as possible on social activitiesc. should have a “system” for planning their timed. are supposed to repeat or replace at least one course参考答案acbcthe alps are the youngest and highest mountain system in europe.they stretch across the western and southern part of the continent in a broad arc.the mountain range starts near the mediterranean sea on the border between france and italy.then it curves north and eastward through northern italy，switzerland，liechtenstein，southern germany，austria and slovenia.the alps are about 1,000 km long，and the broadest section is over 260 km wide.the highest peak，mont blanc，situated on the border between france，italy and switzerland，rises 4,807 meters above sea level.other famous peaks are the monte rosa，the matterhorn，the grobglockner and the zugspitze.millions of years ago the area of todays alps was covered by a large sea that separated europe and africa.the southern land mass started moving northwards.this movement folded rock layers at the bottom of the sea.heat and pressure transformed the rock and pushed the_material upwards.today these regions are the highest parts of the alps.most of the newly formed rock is granite and gneiss，but many ranges consist of limestone which also formed on the seabed.during the ice age，which started about a million years ago，the alps were covered with a thick blanket of snow.glaciers moved down valleys and made them wider and deeper.as they moved they took rock and other material with them，creating moraines(冰碛)when glaciers started to melt water filled up behind these natural dams and created the alpine lakes we know today.the largest of these glaciers is the aletsch in switzerland which reaches a length of about 25 km.the longest glacier of the eastern alps is the 8 km long pasterze，at the foot of the grobglockner.the ice and snow of the alpine regions helped create the large rivers of today：the rhine，rhone，danube and the po.60from the first two paragraphs we know the alps _.aare about 260 km widebstretch across the western part of africacare the youngest mountain system in the worlddhave the highest peak 4,807 meters above sea level61what does the underlined phrase “this material” in paragraph 3 refer to?asea water and rock. brock that was transformed.crock layers that were folded. dlimestone which was on the seabed.62it can be inferred from the passage that the alps were formed _.abefore the ice age bduring the ice agecbecause of seas movement dbecause of glaciers movement63from the passage we know danube is _.aa kind of rock bone of the alps famous peakscthe name of a river done of the largest glaciers60d由第二段的第二句话可知阿尔卑斯山脉的最高峰勃朗峰海拔4807米。61b根据该句的结构“heat and pressure transformed the rock and pushed the material upwards.”可知该词语指代前面的the rock，故选b项。62a根据第三、四段的首句，可以推断出阿尔卑斯山脉是在冰河世纪之前形成的，故选a项。63c由文章最后一段可知danube(多瑙河)是由阿尔卑斯山脉的冰雪融化形成的大河之一。*结束 (2012南京学情调查)there is a boy called bill in my gym class who has unbearable yellow teeth that almost make everyone feel unpleasant.recently another boy told bill that he should have his teeth scaled(刮除牙石)bill was crushed.if the other boy had been thinking，he would have realized that there is a better way to handle such a situation.he could have dealt with it with tact(得体)he could have showed this hurtful truth in a more careful，sensitive waythats tact.if a person isnt sensitive to anothers feelings，there is no way he or she can be tactful.yesterday，my 5yearold brother proudly announced that he had cleaned the screen of our television set.unfortunately，he used furniture polish，which produced an oily film on the television screen.my mother smiled and thanked him for his efforts and then showed how to clean the screen properly.her sensitivity enables my brother to keep his selfrespect.yet，sensitivity alone does not make tact.“tactfulness” also requires “truthfulness”doctors，for example，must be truthful.if a patient has just been disabled in an accident，a tactful doctor will tell the truth but express it with sensitivity.the doctor may try to give the patient hope by telling him curing techniques under study or about advanced equipment now available.doctors must use tact with patients relatives as well.instead of bluntly saying，“your husband is disabled，” a doctor might say，“im sorry，but your husband has lost feeling in his legs and.”tact should not be confused with trickery.trickery occurs when a nurse is about to give a patient an injection(注射) and says，“this wont hurt a bit.”instead of trickery，the nurse might guarantee the patient that the discomfort of the injection is a small thing compared to the benefits of it.it would also be thoughtful for the nurse to tell the patient about some of these benefits.tact is a wonderful skill to have，and tactful people are usually admired and respected.without tact our society would become an intolerable place to live in.64the underlined word “crushed” in the first paragraph probably means _.asurprised bcheated cregretful dupset65according to the author，his mother was _ to his brother.asensitive and tactful bsensitive but not tactful enoughctruthful but not tactful enough dsensitive but tricky66which of the following is true according to the passage?atrickery often occurs in hospital. btactfulness means truthfulness.cwe should be tactful in our society. dnurses are not honest to patients.64d第一段主要讲述当另一个男孩让比尔刮除牙石时，比尔对他这种直白的话语感到不高兴。第一段最后一句“he could have showed this hurtful truth.”也是答案提示，故选d项。65a作者的妈妈先感谢了作者的弟弟，然后教他清洗电视屏幕的正确方法，既保住了他的自尊，又让他认识到了自己的错误之处，所以是“同情理解的”和“机智的”故a项正确。66c从最后一段最后一句“without tact our society would become an intolerable place to live in.”可知答案。*结束 (2012银川一中第四次考试)the common cold is the worlds most widespread illness，which is a plague that man receives.the most widespread mistake of all is that colds are caused by cold.they are not.they are caused by viruses passing on from person to person.you catch a cold by coming into contact，directly or indirectly，with someone who already has one.if cold causes colds，it would be reasonable to expect the eskimos to suffer from them forever.but they do not.and in isolated arctic regions，explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes.during the first world war，soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches，cold and wet，seldom caught colds.in the second world war，prisoners at auschwitz concentration camp，naked and starved，were astonished to find that they seldom had colds.at the common cold research unit in england，volunteers took part in experiments in which they gave themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time.after taking hot baths，they put on bathing suits，allowed themselves to be with cold water，and then stood about dripping wet in a room.some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion.not one of the volunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose.if then，cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds，why are they more frequent in winter？despite the hardest research，no one has yet found out the answer.one explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times，and that makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on.no one has yet found a cure for the cold.there are drugs and painkillers such as aspirin，but all that they do is to relieve the symptoms.67the writer offered _ examples to support his argument.a4 b5 c6 d368arctic explorers may catch colds when _.athey work in the isolated arctic regionsbthey write reports in terribly cold weathercthey are free from work in the isolated arctic regionsd they come into touch with people with colds from the outside world69volunteers taking part in the experiments in the common cold research unit _.asuffered a lot bnever caught coldscoften caught colds dbecame very strong70the passage mainly discusses _.athe experiments on the common cold bthe false belief about the common coldcthe reason why people catch colds dthe continued spread of the common cold67b通读全文可知，作者共列举了五个例子来证明自己的观点，分别是eskimos，explorers in isolated arctic regions，soldiers in the first world war，prisoners at auschwitz concentration camp和volunteers in experiments。68d根据第二段的最后一句话中的“.explorers have reported being fr