2014高考英语分类基础热身练单词16.doc

2014高考英语分类基础热身练：单词基础自主回顾.课标单词1_海报(n.)2_杰作(n.)3_跳跃；飞跃(vi.)4_频道(n.)5_情节(n.)poster masterpiece leap channel plot 6_角色；人物(n.)_特征；特色(n.)7_男的；男性的(adj.)_(反义词)女的；女性的8_优美的；优雅的(adj.)_(n.)9_使感兴趣(vt.)_有趣的(adj.)_感兴趣的(adj.)10_勇敢的(adj.)_(n.)character characteristic male female graceful grace interest interesting interested brave bravery 11_感人的(adj.)_感动的(adj.)_使感动(vt.)12_有时；偶尔(adv.)_偶然的；偶尔的(adj.)_有时；间或；偶尔(n.)13_争论(vi.)_(n.)14_有趣的；令人愉快的(adj.)_使快乐；使感兴趣(vt.)_娱乐；娱乐节目(n.)15_(小说、戏剧、电影的)背景(n.)_以为背景(vt.)moving moved move occasionally occasional occasion argue argument entertaining entertain entertainment setting set.常用短语1_爱上；喜欢(表动作)2_扮演角色3_令某人吃惊的是4_吃惊地5_有时；偶尔6_出现；出版fall in love with play a part to ones surprise in surprise every now and then come out 7_喜欢；爱上(表状态)8_讲述9_关心；顾虑；在乎10_在岁时11_有时，不时12_每两天13_远至，就而言be in love with tell of care about at the age of from time to time every two days as far as .重点句型1The action takes place on Peking rooftops, and in places _ away _ the deserts of western China.打斗发生在北京的屋顶之上和中国西部遥远的沙漠之中。答案：as far; as2Unusually, _ the female characters _ interest us most.不同寻常的是，正是女主角吸引我们。答案：it is; that3_， Xiulian is the character we care about most.我们最关注秀莲这个角色，她勇敢、善良、坚强。答案：Brave, good and strong4But _， _ he, more than anyone else in the history of films, understands the meaning of the word “entertainment”但是绝大多数人认为：他比电影史上任何一个人更懂得“娱乐”一词的意义。答案：it is generally agreed; that.模块语法1Do you enjoy listening to records? I find records are often _ or better than an actual performance.A. as good asB. as goodC. good D. good as答案：A2Last night we met with _ rain at the station.A. a quite heavy B. too heavy aC. such heavy a D. a so heavy答案：B3The old gentleman has _ been to the Great Wall before, has he? A. always B. alreadyC. ever D. not答案：D4They have produced _ they did last year.A. twice more grain asB. twice as much grain asC. twice as many grain asD. as twice many grain as答案：B5The teacher wondered why _ many students had made _ careless mistakes.A. so; so B. so; suchC. such; so D. such; such答案：B6China is a large country which is getting _.A. more and more developedB. more and more developingC. more developed and more developedD. more developing and more developing答案：A7Ive got _ work to do on a _ cold day.A. much too; much tooB. too much; too muchC. too much; much tooD. much too; too much答案：C8What he said just now sounded _， I think.A. quite perfectlyB. nice and interestingC. nice or politeD. nicely and friendly答案：B考点探究解密考 点 解 读 1character n品质，性格；人物，角色；名誉，文字精讲拓展：a man of character 有个性的人，有骨气的人a leading character 主角in character 符合的个性gain the character of 博得的名声in the character of 以的资格，扮演的角色out of character 不符合的个性characteristic adj.特有的，表示特性的，典型的n.特性，特征误区警示：character作“性格，个性，性质”讲多作不可数名词，作“人物，文字”讲时是可数名词。朗文在线：There is a serious side to her character.她性格当中也有严肃的一面。Liquids are different in character from both solids and gases.液体的特性与固体和气体的均不相同。Kurts quite a characterhe has so many tales to tell.库尔特是一个不同寻常的人他有许多不同的经历。词语辨析：character与characteristiccharacter指某人/物本身所具有的“个性，性格”。He has a strong but gentle character.他有坚强但温柔的性格。characteristic n指人/物具有的“特色；特性”。Kindness is one of his characteristics.善良是他的特性之一。A characteristic of the camel is its ability to live for a long time without water.骆驼的特点是不喝水也能活很长时间。命题方向：character常考查它的数及与characteristic进行区别的辨析题。活学巧练：(1)He is a man of_(个性)(2)Who is the main_(角色)in the play?(3)Her behavior last night was quite_(与个性不相称)character character out of character 2interest n兴趣，关心，重要性，影响，利息，利益，利害vt.使发生兴趣，引起的注意I find no interest in such things.精讲拓展 interested adj.感兴趣的interesting adj.有趣味的，引起好奇(或注意)的be interested in 对感兴趣in the interest(s)of 为了的利益；为起见，对有利lose interest 不再感兴趣；不再引起兴趣take/show(an)interest in 对表示关心(有兴趣)take/feel/have no/not much interest in 对不/不太感兴趣with interest 有兴趣地，津津有味地interest sb.in sth.使某人注意，关心或参加某事；使某人对某事感兴趣误区警示：interested 表示某人(对某事物)感兴趣；interesting 表示某事物/某人(令人感到)有趣。朗文在线：She is very interested in languages.她对语言非常感兴趣。Now hes grown up; he no longer shows any interest in his stamp collection; hes lost all interest in it.现在他长大了，对集邮不再感兴趣了；他对此完全失去了兴趣。I borrowed the money at 5% interest.我以五分利息借了那笔钱。命题方向：高考中常在完形填空中考查作形容词用的interested。活学巧练 (1)The_(利益)of the individual must be subordinated to the_(利益)of the collective.(2)American Football doesnt_(使感兴趣)me at all.(3)I have lost my_(兴趣)in chemistry.(4)I borrowed the money at a low_(利息)interests interests interest interest interest (5)What_him most was her writing style rather than her story itself.AinterestingBinterestinglyCinterests Dinterested答案与解析：D整个句子为一个含有主语从句的复合句。答项在主语从句中作谓语故应用动词形式。3argue vi.争论，辩论 vt.辩论，主张，说服；用辩论证明；表明，证明精讲拓展：argue with sb.about/on/over sth.与某人辩论/争论某事argue sb.down 驳倒某人argue for/against 为赞成/反对而力争argue o 说服(做某事或接受某种意见)argue sb.out of 说服某人不做某事/打消某种念头argue sth.off 提出论据，消除某问题；驳倒某事argument n辩论beyond argument 无可争辩的误区警示：argue o/out of doing 是“说服某人做/不做”，但没有argue sb.to/not to do句型。朗文在线：Im not going to argue with you，but I think you are wrong.我不想和你争辩，但是我认为你错了。You can argue against extending the airport on the grounds of cost.你可以以成本太高为理由反对扩建机场。Joyce argued me into buying a new jacket.乔伊斯说服了我买一件新夹克衫。词语辨析：argue，debate与dispute三者都含有“辩论”的意思。argue着重“说理”“论证”和“企图说服”。I argued with her for a long time，but she refused to listen to reasons.我和她辩论了好久，但她还是不听原因。debate着重“双方各抒己见”，内含“交锋”的意思。We have been debating about the issue.我们一直在就这个问题进行辩论。dispute指“激烈争辩”，含有“相持不下”或“未得解决”之意。Whether he will be elected as chairman is still disputed.他是否当选为主席，仍然有争论。命题方向：argue常与discuss，debate等放在一起以词语辨析的形式出现在各种题型中。活学巧练 They argued_the matter the whole afternoon, and at last agreed_the date for the next morning.A. with; with B. on; overC. about; on D. over; over答案与解析：C本题考查argue与介词的搭配。根据句意，第一个空是“就争论”，应填about，over或on；第二空表示“双方就达成共识”，用介词on。4occasionally adv.有时，偶尔I occasionally go to the movies with him.精讲拓展：occasion n时刻，场合on occasion 不时，必要时on no occasion 决不(放于句首，句子应用部分倒装)occasional adj.偶然的，有时的on one occasion 曾经，有一个时候on the occasion of 在的时候，值此之际have occasion to do 有必要做误区警示：occasion作先行词时，其后的定语从句常由when引出，也可由where引出。朗文在线：She had met Zahid on an earlier occasion.她早些时候曾见过扎西德。We only see each other very occasionally.我们极少见面。命题方向：occasionally，on occasion是重要考点。活学巧练：用occasion的适当形式填空(1)He spent five years in Paris，with_visits to some other cities in Europe.(2)I go to see a film_.(3)I have on_visited her.occasional occasionally occasion5come out vi.出来，出现，(花)开，发芽，出版，清楚表达，照得鲜明，结果是The meaning of his story didnt come out well.精讲拓展：come about 发生come along 一起来；过来come down 下来；败落come into being 形成，产生come into use/effect(force) 开发使用/生效come on 加油，跟我来come over 过来；从远方来come to 共计；达到come true 变成现实，实现come up 走近，走上来；发芽B11come across (偶然)遇见B12come to oneself 苏醒过来B13come from 来自B14come up to 达到误区警示：come组成的上面的短语均无被动形式。朗文在线：A second edition will come out next year.第二版将在明年出版。I love it when the snowdrops start to come out.我喜欢开始绽放的雪花莲。If you spend a little more time on your work now ，youll come out ahead in the end.如果你现在能在工作上多花一点儿时间，你最终会成为佼佼者的。命题方向：come out常与come over，come about等放在一起以词语辨析题的形式出现。活学巧练：用come构成的短语填空(1)Ive just_(碰见)an old friend.(2)The song_(流传下来)us from the 10th century.(3)We shall work hard to_(赶上)them.(4)Who_(结果)first in the contest? (5)I think the roses will_(开花)next e across comes over come up with came up come up (6)Its already 10 oclock.I wonder how it_that she was two hours late on such a short trip.Acame over Bcame outCcame about Dcame up答案与解析：Cit是形式主语，指这件事是怎样发生的。6in surprise 吃惊地精讲拓展：in 可用于表示做某事时所处于的状况或状态，再如：in silence 沉默地in horror 惊恐地in love 恋爱地in repair 在修理中in order 有序地，整齐地in groups 成群的to ones surpriseto the surprise of sb.使某人惊讶的是be surprised at sth.对感到吃惊be surprised to do sth.干感到吃惊take.by surprise 奇袭，使感到意外be a surprise to sb.对某人来说是件惊人的事误区警示：in 后接名词表状况时，名词前不用不定冠词，surprise 具体到一个人或一件事时是可数名词。朗文在线：She looked at me in horror.她惊恐地看着我。It was all done purely in fun.做这些事纯粹是为了好玩儿。We were all surprised at Sues outburst.苏突然发作了，我们大家都很惊讶。Rebel forces took the town by surprise.叛军出其不意地攻占了该镇。命题方向：表示状态的in常与on, at, off等辨析考查。活学巧练：The building is_good repair.Ato BinCat Don答案与解析：Bin repair在修理7toones抽象名词to the抽象名词of sb.to ones delight/to the delight of sb.使高兴的是to ones joy/to the joy of sb.使高兴的是to ones sorrow/to the sorrow of sb.使悲伤的是to ones surpriseto the surprise of sb.“令某人感到惊奇的是”。特别提示：对于to ones surprise/ joy.这类表达加强程度的方法有两种。much to ones surprise/ joy.或to ones great surprise/ joy.。例如：Much to my surprise/ To my great surprise, he came out first.令我大为吃惊的是，他居然得了第一名。误区警示：抽象名词不能用复数。活学巧练 (1)_，he didnt hurt himself in the terrible accident.使我们惊奇的是在那次可怕的事故中他没有受伤。(2)To their surprise(_)，they saw not a thief but their owner.令他们感到惊奇的是他们看到的不是贼而是主人。(3)_，the house was completely destroyed in the fire.使一家人悲伤的是他们的房子在火中被彻底毁了。To our surprise To the surprise of themTo the sorrow of the family 8Brave，good and strong，Xiulian is the character we care about most.我们最关注秀莲这个角色，她勇敢、善良、坚强。brave，good and strong 是形容词短语作主语补语。精讲拓展 形容词(短语)在句中可作定语、表语、主语补语、宾语补语。作定语时，形容词一般放于名词前面，但修饰不定代词时应放于不定代词之后；作主语补语时可放于主语前用逗号隔开或放于句末；作宾语补语时往往放于宾语的后面。误区警示：放于动词后的词若和主语有关系应用形容词性的修饰词而不应用副词性的修饰词。例如：He died happy.而不是He died happily.朗文在线：She lives alone.她独自居住。I lay awake worrying about my exams.我躺在床上睡不着，担心考试的事。命题方向：形容词(短语)作补语是常被考查的知识要点。活学巧练：The missing children were found_.Asafe and soundly Bsafely and soundCsafely and soundly Dsafe and sound答案与解析：D本题考查形容词作主语补足语。9But it is generally agreed, that he, more than anyone else in the history of films, understands the meaning of the world “entertainment”但是绝大多数人认为：他比电影史上任何一个人更懂得“娱乐”一词的意义。It is agreed that.人们一致同意精讲拓展 It is believed that. 人们相信It is known that. 众所周知It is reported that. 据报道It is supposed that. 大家推测(从句中用should do)It is thought that. 大家认为It is considered that.据认为It is hoped that. 人们希望It is proved that. 据证明It is suggested/ proposed that. 人们建议(从句中用should do)It has been pointed out that. 已经指出B11It has been found out that. 人们发现B12It is required/ demanded that. 据要求注意：Its said that也可以改为People say that或He is said to do/ to be doing/ to have done.误区警示：此类句型中的it不可被that，this等替换。朗文在线： Most scientists agree that global warming is a serious problem. 大多数科学家都认为全球气候变暖是个严重的问题。It was agreed that Mr.Rollins would sign the contract on May 1st.约定罗林斯先生于5月1日在合同上签字。命题方向：此句型中的it常与that，this等放于一起进行辨析考查，而句型中的that常与which，why等进行辨析。活学巧练 (1)(2009辽宁光明中学模拟)Your sister is said _ in the supermarket when she was doing shopping yesterday.A. to be treated badlyB. treating badlyC. being badly treatedD. to have been badly treated答案与解析：D此句是“It is said that.”句型的变式。当从句的主语作整个句子的主语时，be said后用不定式，所以先排除B、C两项。并且be treated的动作发生在谓语动词said之前，所以用不定式的完成时。(2)_ that the way people spend their holidays has changed a great deal in the past ten years.A. It is reported B. What is reportedC. It reports D. As is reported答案与解析：A考查it作形式主语的句型。此句中真正主语是that后的从句，且与report之间为被动关系。形式主语it不能用其他词代替。若选D，需去掉空后的that并用逗号，用as引导定语从句。若选B，则应在that前加is，此时what引导主语从句。10频度和地点状语(1)频度状语多置于被修饰的动词、形容词和副词之前。如所修饰的动词前面有情态动词或助动词，则置于情态动词或助动词之后。常见的作状语表频度的词和词组有often, usually, always, frequently, constantly, regularly, sometimes, from time to time, rarely, hardly, occasionally, seldom, ever, never, every two days, every now and then等。朗文在线：I have never chatted with anyone on the Internet before.我以前从未在网上跟人聊过天。John usually goes to school at 730.约翰通常7点30分去上学。You must often keep this in mind.这一点你要经常记在心里。注意：表示否定含义的never, seldom, rarely, hardly等副词，为了强调若放于句首时，主句的语序要倒装。例：Never have I seen anything so wonderful as that.我从未看见过和那一样精彩的东西。(2)地点状语在句中的位置较为灵活。常见的作状语表地点的词和词组有：here, there, anywhere, everywhere, somewhere, nowhere, above, in, inside, out, outside, abroad, ahead, away, downstairs, upstairs, downtown, home, indoors, nearby, outdoors, overhead, underground, on the top, at the foot of, in the west等。朗文在线：One of my friends has been sent abroad for further education.我有一个朋友被派到国外深造了。This kind of plant can be seen everywhere in the south.这种植物在南方随处可见。She rushed downstairs and burst into the kitchen.她冲下楼闯进了厨房。注意：表示地点的副词或短语，如here, there, up, down, in, away等放于句首，且主语是名词，而谓语动词是come, go, follow, be等词的一般现在时形式，此句需把谓语动词置于主语之前，构成倒装语序。例：Here comes the bus！公共汽车来了！On the top of the hill stands a temple.山顶上有座庙。11副词和短语作状语(1)副词作状语副词的主要作用就是作状语，特别是以ly结尾的副词，它们可以修饰动词、形容词、副词等。She kindly waited for me.她很有礼貌，等了我一会儿。Perhaps youre partly right.或许你有一部分是对的。还有相当多副词不以ly结尾，它们可以修饰动词，也可以修饰形容词或副词。She speaks French well.她法语讲得很好。The bag isnt big enough.这袋子不够大。评注性副词位置较灵活，常位于句首，有时也可在句中或句末，常用逗号隔开。常见的这类副词有actually, briefly, certainly, clearly, fortunately, luckily, surprisingly等。Honestly, I think youre a little prejudiced.说真的，我感觉你有点偏见。(2)短语作状语介词短语亦可作状语表示时间、地点、方式、原因等。He swims every day during the summer.夏天他每天都游泳。We sat down on the grass.我们在草地上坐下。名词短语作状语表时间、方式、程度等。The letter was in my pocket all the time.这信一直在我的口袋里。He operated the machine the same way.他用相同的方法操作那部机器。另外，动词ing和过去分词短语也可作状语。Holding a DV, she went in.她手里拿着DV，走了进来。Lost in thought, she almost ran into the car before her.由于沉思，她几乎撞在前面的汽车上。活学巧练 (1)(2007北京)The new group of students is betterbehaved than the other group who stayed here _.A. early B. earlierC. earliest D. the earliest答案与解析：B早些。(2)(2007浙江)Work gets done _ when people do it together, and the rewards are higher too.A. easily B. very easyC. more easily D. easier答案与解析：C更容易。(3)Although the country has had political independence for over a century, _ it needs the support of its neighbours.A. naturally B. economicallyC. especially D. luckily答案与解析：A自然，表转折。(4)(2006上海)I hope I will not be called on in class as Im not yet _ prepared.A. attentively B. readilyC. actively D. adequately答案与解析：D充分的。考 题 演 练 1.It saves time in the kitchen to have things you use a lot _ easy reach.A. near B. uponC. within D. around答案与解析：C本题考查介词的用法。弄清介词的不同含义和搭配是正确解题的关键。句意：在厨房里把你常用的东西放在随手可及的地方，那样会节省时间的。within easy reach随手可及，在附近。2Mary and I see each other _， but not as often as we used to.A. sooner or later B. once in a whileC. in the end D. more or less答案与解析：B本题考查固定搭配。句意：我和玛丽偶尔见面，但是没有过去那么经常了。sooner or later迟早；once in a while偶尔，不时地；in the end最后；more or less或多或少。3Usually John would be late for meetings. But this time, _ to my surprise, he arrived on time.A. little B. muchC. ever D. even答案与解析：B本题考查副词作状语。日常学习中要注意副词的习惯用法。本题句意应为：约翰开会通常会迟到，但这一次，令我非常吃惊的是，他按时到会了。修饰“to ones情感名词”用副词much。4_ and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.A. To be tired B. TiredC. Tiring D. Being tired答案与解析：B本题考查形容词短语作状语的用法。本句中的Tired and short of breath为形容词短语作状语，补充说明主语所处的状态，又如：Tired and hungry, I arrived at home last night.5I wonder _ youll water this kind of flower.Every other day.A. how often B. how longC. how soon D. how much答案与解析：A本题考查特殊疑问词的选择。根据下一句的回答可知此处问的是频率，应用how often，意为“多久一次”。B项意为“(延续)多长时间”；C项意为“多久之后”；D项意为“多少”。6_ the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting.A. Having searched B. To searchC. Searching D. Search答案与解析：D本题考查“祈使句and简单句”结构，所以句首用动词原形。7_ was most important to her, she told me, was her family.A. It B. ThisC. What D. As答案与解析：C本题考查名词性从句关联词的选用。what引导主语从句，同时又在从句中充当主语。8Hi, Mark. How was the musical evening?Excellent! Alex and Andy performed _ and they won the first prize.A. skillfully B. commonlyC. willingly D. nervously答案与解析：A考查副词的用法。句意：喂，马克！音乐晚会如何？太棒了！亚历克斯和安迪表演得很娴熟，他们得了第一名。Module 6Films and TV Programmes.根据句意，用所给单词或短语的适当形式填空occasionalarguebraveinterestingcare aboutcharacterplotentertainmentgracefulcome out1When Harry Porter_，it was well received.答案：came out2The scientist buried himself in his research and_little_his clothing and food.答案：cared；about3The audience applauded loudly because the dancers had danced so_.答案：gracefully4There are so many_in A Dream of Red Mansion that I can hardly remember them all.答案：characters5The story he told was so_that we all burst into laughter.答案：entertaining6The_of the novel is so complicated that I cant understand it.答案：plot7We should try to settle the problem by_，not by fighting.答案：argument8There are many places of_in China，attracting tourists from all over the world.答案：interest9The young man was praised for his_of saving the boy from