数字印刷翻译

中文 2490 字 Digital printing Phil Green Digital printing is currently the most rapidly growing print sector, and one which is opening up new possibilities of short-run color work. It is also enabling entirely different relationships between the purchaser and supplier of printed products and making possible all kinds of new products. The conventional printing processes described earlier in this chapter are mature technologies. The technological development of these processes will continue, but will tend to deliver only incremental improvements in performance. Digital printing, by comparison, is still at an early stage in its development and will continue to develop rapidly, opening up new markets and making increasing inroads into the conventional process. In the medium term at least, it is highly unlikely that digital printing will entirely replace the conventional processes. This is for two fundamental reasons: The cost of colorants used makes unit prices too high to compete on longer runs; Modern printing equipment is designed around production economies of scale, with high speeds, large formats and inline processes such as folding and coating, and it will be some time before manufacturers build digital presses that can compete on high production volumes. The strength of digital printing is therefore largely in shorter print runs. However, the short-run market is expanding fast as print runs for all types of product are falling, and new products are made possible by integrated digital production. A direct cost comparison between digital and conventional printing may not be relevant in every case as digital printing can often provide a better solution to a communication problem, adding value and generating savings elsewhere in the production cycle, for example, in administration or distribution costs. This logic also applies to the print buyers when thinking of incorporating digital printing into their own operations, adding them to their existing design and prepress operations. To take a example in retailing, instore printing facilities linked to install and run than purchasing from external suppliers, but the marketing benefits may outweigh the additional costs. The point at which digital and conventional printing breaks even tends to be at a run length of around 1000 copies(more for black and white and less for color). Run lengths that do not fall automatically into the province of conventional or digital will be decided by the added value of the process: for digital printing this includes distributed printing and the ability to vary the image with each copy, while for conventional processes such as litho it will include the higher quality levels, the greater range of substrates that can be printed, and the availability of inline processes such as coating. Digital printing technologies Digital printers currently fall into four basic types: Page printers that print flat sheets of paper, usually in A4 format but sometimes up to A3 (these range from desktop printers to high -speed copier/printers like DocuTech, and include high-quality continuous tone printers used mostly for proofs and presentation materials); Large-format devices that print on continuous rolls, mainly for short-run posters; Overprinting heads for adding product codes (mainly for packaging) that are mounted onto conventional presses or finishing equipment, or on packaging lines; Reel-fed machines that print at speeds comparable to conventional printing presses. A digital printer has two fundamental components: a marking engine that transfers colorant to the paper, and a front-end that prepares the data used to drive the marking engine. The front end will include a RIP and a memory buffer. The page data is transferred directly to the front end without the need for films and plates, so there are large potential savings in costs. Because the digital printing device is driven by data and requires no plates, the image can be changed for each successive print. This variable image printing concept has great potential interest to publishers and advertisers who are interested in tailoring their communications more closely to what is known about their audience, often in conjunction with sophisticated marketing databases. Digital printing systems that operate at high speeds or high resolutions require dedicated front ends and large memory buffers, but low-end devices such as desktop printers can make use of software-based printer drivers that sit on the users host computer. The most widely-used technologies in marking engines are ink jet, laser and dye sublimation. Ink jet Ink jet printers deploy an array of nozzles to project ink droplets onto the paper surface. The nozzles are relatively cheap to produce, and wider arrays that can image a moving web of paper are currently in development. Ink jet print heads are found in all the types of digital printer listed earlier, and dominate the large-format and overprinting markets. They can print on the widest range of substrates (including cheaper grades such as part mechanicals). Laser Laser printers transfer toner to the paper surface electro-statically. An image is created on a photoconductive surface by adding or removing an electrical charge, and toner is attracted to the charged areas on this imaging surface (laser printers are perhaps more accurately known as electrostatic printers, since other energy sources such as electron beams can also be used to alter the conductive properties of the imaging surface). Most systems use dry toner powder, but liquid toner systems are also available and deliver much better print quality: smaller particle sizes yield higher print resolution, and gloss resins can be incorporated to make the finish more like that of a conventional print. Laser printers are mainly found in page printers and reel-fed printers. Dye sublimation Dye sublimation printers vaporize a waxy colorant and transfer it to the paper surface. The unit cost of prints made by this process are extremely high, and as a result its use is restricted largely to one-off prints for proofing or presentation purposes. Quality can be extremely high, comparable to a glossy photographic print. With all the digital printing systems there is a trade-off between resolution and speed. The more device pixels there are to be imaged on a page, the slower the print speed will be in pages per minute. Digital workflow-the mainstream of develop speedy development of digital processing and internet information exchange All-digital workflows are on their way. They will soon replace the traditional analogue imaging and reliable digital performance in graphical processing, proofing, output, and transfer. It will also enable no -film involved Computer-To-Plate system to take the lead. Multi-media documental output is no longer a dream anymore. Pre-press production line has becoming more integrated, professional and diversified. The main development trends of application software are openness, cross -platform functions, intelligence and standardization of documentation format. The implementation of digital workflow is the irresistible trend development in printing industry. Maturing printing technologies such as CopyDot scanning, digital proofing, computer-to-plate, and digital workflow gradually remove the obstacles to the implementation of digital technologies. Advanced output technology, together with intelligentization of digital workflow management will also improve the efficiency of digital printing operation. The digital technology process has almost replaced the traditional technology. The design and pictures can be transferred by network or through electronic medium. The corporation of pan-region, pan-country, pan-continent will be a common thing. We can offer the need, exchange information, remote proofing, and production tracking etc. The product can be designed in somewhere of the world, and printed in another place of the world. Direct-to-press One of the success stories of digital printing is Heidelbergs Quickmaster DI, which uses digital imaging on an otherwise conventional press design. Machines have been installed in a large number of bureau-type operations, and deliver many of the advantages of digital printing at the quality and cost associated with litho. Anew production model The traditional model of print production can be summarized as print a large enough quantity of a product to make unit costs economic, and then distribute to the end-user. Digital technologies make it possible to completely rethink the way in which visual communications are produced and distributed. Print-on-demand Because the amount of prepress work and press make-ready are minimal when compared with conventional printing, production costs are almost entirely variable, with a very small fixed element. This means that they become cost-effective to print copies as they are needed, instead of producing for stock. Distribute, then print Printed products are usually distributed over a wide geographical area, and it can sometimes be more cost-effective to distribute the pages in digital form for local reproduction. Distribute electronically For items whose function is information rather than marketing, end -users will often accept the end product in electronic form (on disc or CD): the pages can be printed individually as required. This allows the originator of the product to focus on its content instead of its reproduction. Alternatively, it may be possible to use an online distribution medium such as the World Wide Web, and create pages that are intended for viewing on screen rather than reproduced on paper. Variable image printing As each page is imaged separately, and there is no physical printing plate, it is possible to change some or all of the page with each successive print. This enables, for example, each communication to be personalized for its intended recipient, and groups of readers can then be targeted with information appropriate to their interests, their social background or their geographical location. 数字印刷 费尔 格林 数字印刷是当前印刷行业发展最快的部分。其中一个原因是他实现了彩色印刷的经济性。他使得印刷品的消费者和供应商之间建立了完全不同的关系。 传统印刷技术是相当成熟的技术，并将继续进步，但将只倾向于只提供增值的改进。与传统印刷相比 ，数字印刷刚刚起步，并将快速发展，开辟新的市场，不断冲击传统印刷。 但是，最终在信息时代数字印刷不大可能取代整个传统印刷。这有两个根本的原因： 1.单张印品所使用色料（油墨）的价格较长版活高出很多。 2.现代印刷设备是围绕印刷产品的经济性而设计的，要求速度高 .规格大 .能在线进行折页 .涂布等。在制造商生产出可以在线完成大批量产品的数字印刷机前，传统印刷技术将长期存在。 数字印刷技术的优势在于短版活。然而短版市场快速扩张，更如能印刷各种印刷品的印刷机快速减少，新的产品将通过与数字印刷技术的结合而产生。 一个直接 的消费变化并不是与任何情况都相关的，比如数字印刷技术对于连接问题提供了一种更好的解决方法。在生产的整个过程中，有些地方增加了成本，有些地方则节约成本。例如在管理和拆版的费用。当考虑要将数字印刷作为其操作的一部分，实现在线设计和印前处理时，这种逻辑也被印刷机购买者所采用。拿零售商为例，必将出现印刷设备与核心价格及市场数据库联系起来，这样就可以在短时间内生产出新卖点的材料进行安装运行，而不是从其他供应商处购买，市场利润将可能超过传统工艺的成本。 数字印刷的卖点在于生产 1000 个左右印品（黑白地较多，彩色少）。印 数由印刷流程的附加费用决定：如数字印刷中就包括分类印刷和个性印刷。而对于传统工艺如胶印则包括较高质量要求，大量片基需求，在线涂布等。 数字印刷技术 数字印刷机通常有四种类型： 单张纸印刷机，幅面通常为 A4，也有的达到 A3（此范围从桌面打印机到高速印刷机如 DocuTech,包括通常用来打样和印刷图象稿件的高质量的连续调印刷机） 卷筒纸印刷机等大型设备，主要为速递服务者所用。 套加印设备，用于传统印刷或作为最后一道工序，给印刷品（通常为包装印刷）加印代码。 卷筒纸印刷机，印速可与传统印刷机相比。 一台数字印刷 机由两部分组成：一套印刷装置，将油墨转移到纸张上；一套印前系统，为印刷提供数据资料。该印 前系统包括 RIP 和记忆缓冲器。数据页面直接传输到印前系统，不需要菲林和印版，因此省却了大量的印前费用。 由于数字印刷机用数字形式取代了印版，在连续印刷中就可以改变图象。这种“可变数据”印刷的概念对于印刷商和广告业者有着潜在的影响，他们经常在生产中使用高度复杂的市场数据库，针对人们的兴趣及时对图文进行修改。 高速或高分辨率的数字印刷系统配有先进的印前装置和大容量的记忆缓冲器。而低档设备如桌面打印机可以利用电脑软件进行工作。 现在应用最广泛的技术是喷墨打印，激光打印和染料升华技术。 喷墨技术 喷墨打印机配置了一排喷嘴，将墨滴喷射到纸张表面。制造喷嘴是相当便宜的，而能够连续绘图的宽排喷嘴也在不断发展中。很早以前，各种型号的喷墨打印机出现并系列化，主宰着套印市场，而且他们的承印物范围是最广泛的。 激光技术 激光打印机以带电的方式将色剂转移到纸张表面。通过增加或转移电荷使图象呈现在一光导面上，带相反电荷的色料被