重庆市璧山县高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解精练（3）.doc

阅读理解精练（3）社会文化（阅读理解）由 (2012天津,d)改编you are given many opportunities in life to choose to be a victim or a creator.when you choose to be a victim,the world is a cold and difficult place.“they” did things to you which caused all of your pain and suffering.“they” are wrong and bad,and life is terrible as long as “they” are around.or you may blame yourself for all your problems,thus internalizing (内化) your victimization.the truth is,your life is likely to stay that way as long as you feel a need to blame yourself or others.those who choose to be creators look at life quite differently.they know there are individuals who might like to control their lives,but they dont let this get in the way.they know they have their weaknesses,yet they dont blame themselves when they fail.whatever happens,they have choice in the matter.they believe their dance with each sacred (神圣的) moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth.victims and creators live in the same physical world and deal with many of the same physical realities,yet their experience of life is worlds apart.victims relish (沉溺) in anger,guilt,and other emotions that cause othersand even themselvesto feel like victims,too.creators consciously choose love,inspiration,and other qualities which inspire not only themselves,but all around them.both victims and creators always have choice to determine the direction of their lives.in reality,all of us play the victim or the creator at various points in our lives.one person,on losing a job or a special relationship,may feel as if it is the end of the world and sink into terrible suffering for months,years,or even a lifetime.another with the same experience may choose to first experience the grief,then accept the loss and soon move on to be a powerful creative force in his life.in every moment and every circumstance,you can choose to have a fuller,richer life by setting a clear intention to transform the victim within,and by inviting into your life the powerful creator that you are.1.what does the word “they” in paragraph 1 probably refer to?()a.people and things around you.b.opportunities and problems.c.creators and their choices.d.victims and their sufferings.2.according to paragraph 2,creators .a.seem willing to experience failures in lifeb.possess the ability to predict future lifec.handle ups and downs of life wiselyd.have potential to create something new3.what can we learn from paragraph 3?()a.creators and victims face quite different things in life.b.creators and victims are masters of their lives.c.victims can influence more people than creators.d.compared with victims,creators are more emotional.4.the examples mentioned in paragraph 4 show that .a.strong attachment to sufferings in life pulls people into victimsb.people need family support to deal with challenges in lifec.it takes creators quite a long time to get rid of their painsd.ones experiences determine his attitude toward life5.what is the authors purpose in writing this passage?()a.to define victims and creators.b.to evaluate victims against creators.c.to explain the relationship between victims and creators.d.to suggest the transformation from victims to creators.语篇解读:本文为议论文,题材为社会文化类。生活不是一帆风顺的,你会无数次地面对究竟作生活的牺牲品还是创造者的抉择。生活的牺牲者沉溺于愤怒、愧疚之中,而生活的创造者会选择截然不同的生活态度。答案及剖析:1.a猜测词义题。根据第一段第三句中.did things及第四句的are wrong and bad可知此处they意为:周围的人和事。2.c推理判断题。本段告诉我们:生活的创造者承认自己的弱点,但当失败的时候他们不会责备自己;暴风雨是成长历程中的重要部分。由此可知,生活的创造者能够明智地解决生活中的盛衰沉浮。3.b推理判断题。第三段告诉我们:生活的牺牲品和生活的创造者面对同样的境况时,他们会有截然不同的态度及做法,所以选b;他们是自己生活的主人。4.a推理判断题。通过讲述面对失去工作或一种特殊关系时,一些人的态度和做法,告诉我们:沉湎于生活中的不幸能使一些人成为牺牲品,所以a项正确。5.d主旨大意题。全文讲述了生活的创造者和生活的牺牲品对待生活的不同态度及做法,并告诉我们:生活的自主选择权就在我们手中,做出不同的选择就会过不同的生活。【长难句子分析】they主语 believe谓语 their dance witheachsacred(神圣的)宾语从句 moment of life is a gift宾语从句 and that storms are a natural part宾语从句 of life (whichcan bringthe rain needed for emotional and宾语从句 spiritual growth).定语从句宾语从句他们相信:与生活中每一神圣时刻的共舞都是一份礼物,而暴风雨则是生活中很自然的一部分,它们为情感及心灵上的成长带来甘霖。believe后their dance.and that storms.是两个宾语从句;第二个宾语从句中的which can.是定语从句,修饰先行词storms。阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (a、b、c和d) 中, 选出最佳选项。the number of speakers of english in shakespeares time is estimated (估计) to have been about five million.today it is estimated that some 260 million people speak it as a native language，mainly in the united states，canada，great britain，ireland，south africa，australia and new zealand.in addition to the standard varieties of english found in these areas，there are a great many regional and social varieties of the language as well as various levels of usage that are employed both in its spoken and written forms.in fact，it is impossible to estimate the number of people in the world who have acquired an adequate(足够的) working knowledge of english in addition to their own languages.the purpose for english learning and the situations in which such learning takes place are so varied that it is difficult to explain and still more difficult to judge what forms an adequate working knowledge for each situation.the main reason for the widespread demand for english is its present importance as a world language.besides serving the indefinite needs of its native speakers，english is a language in which some of important works in science，technology，and other fields are being produced，and not always by native speakers.it is widely used for such purposes as meteorological and airport communications，international conferences，and the spread of information over the radio and television networks of many nations.it is a language of wider communication for a number of developing countries，especially former british colonies.many of these countries have multilingual populations and need a language for internal communication in such matters as government，commerce，industry，law and education as well as for international communication and for entrance to the scientific and technological developments in the west.1what would be the best title for this passage?athe difficulties of learning englishbinternational communicationscthe standard varieties of englishdenglish as a world language答案：d主旨大意题。根据第3段第1句及全文的内容：英语在各个国家的各个领域的应用，可推知此题的答案为d。2which of the following statements is not true?a. some 260 million people in the world have an adequate working knowledge of english.bthere are some 260 million native speakers of english in the world.cit is almost impossible to estimate the number of people with an adequate working knowledge of english.dpeople learn english for a variety of reasons.答案：a细节理解题。根据文章第1段中第2句及第2段的第1句的描述可推知此题的答案为a。3according to the passage，what is the main reason for the widespread use of english?a. it was popular during shakespeares time.bit is used in former british colonies.cit serves the needs of its native speakers.dit is a world language that is used for international communication.答案：d推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的描述，英语在世界不同领域、不同的地区的使用，可推知此题的答案为d。4what type of developing countries would be most likely to use english?a. those geographically close to the united states.bthose interested in the culture of the united states.cformer colonies of great britain.dcountries where international conferences are held.答案：c细节理解题。根据文章最后一段倒数第2句可推知此题答案为c。阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (a、b、c和d) 中, 选出最佳选项。in 1939，two brothers，mac and dick mcdonald，started a drivein restaurant in san bernadino，california.they carefully chose a busy corner for their location.they had run their own businesses for years，first a theater，then a barbecue(烤肉)restaurant，then another drivein.but in their new operation，they offered a new，shortened menu：french fries，hamburgers，and sodas.to this small selection they added one new idea：quick service，no waiters or waitresses，and no tips.their hamburgers sold for fifteen cents.cheese was another four cents.their french fries and hamburgers had a remarkable uniformity(一致性)，for the brothers had developed a strict routine(程序)for the preparation of their food，and they insisted on their cooks sticking to their routine.their new drivein became surprisingly popular，particularly for lunch.people drove up by the hundreds during the busy noontime.the selfservice restaurant was so popular that the brothers had allowed ten copies of their restaurant to be opened.they were content with this modest success until they met ray kroc.kroc was a salesman who met the mcdonald brothers in 1954，when he was selling milkshakemixing machines.he quickly saw the special attraction of the brothers fastfood restaurants and bought the right to franchise(特许经营)other copies of their restaurants.the agreement included the right to duplicate(复制)the menu，the equipment，even their red and white buildings with the golden arches(拱门)today mcdonalds is really a household name.in 1976，mcdonalds had over $ 1 billion in total sales.its first twentytwo years is one of the most surprising success stories in modern american business history.1this passage mainly talks about_.athe development of fast food servicesbhow mcdonalds became a billiondollar businesscthe business careers of mac and dick mcdonalddray krocs business talent答案：b主旨大题。通读全文可知本文主要介绍mac and dick mcdonald两兄弟的最初创业及kroc购买该品牌经营权的情况，由此可知答案为b。2mac and dick managed all of the following businesses except_.aa drivein ba theaterca cinema da barbecue restaurant答案：c细节推理题。根据第一段第三句话they had run their own businesses for years，first a theater，then a barbecue(烤肉)restaurant，then another drivein.可知答案为c。3we may infer from this passage that_.amac and dick mcdonald never became wealthy for they sold their idea to kroc.bthe place the mcdonalds chose was the only source of the great popularity of their driveincforty years ago there were lots of fastfood restaurantsdray kroc was a good businessman答案：d推断推理题。根据第三段第二句he quickly saw the special attraction of the brothers fastfood restaurants and bought the right to franchise(特许经营)other copies of their restaurants.可以做出正确判断。4the passage suggests that_.acreativity is an important element of business successbray kroc was the close partner of the mcdonald brotherscmac and dick mcdonald became broken after they sold their idea to ray krocdcalifornia is the best place to go into business答案：a归纳判断题。从全文可得出结论：创造力是事业成功的重要因素。阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (a、b、c和d) 中, 选出最佳选项。food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things. a person who eats such food can get an illness called food poisoning. food poisoning is usually not serious, but some types are deadly. the symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food.fever is one of the most common symptoms.certain microorganisms(微生物)cause most types of food poisoning. bacteria and other microorganisms can poison eggs, meat, vegetables, and many other foods. after entering the body, these tiny living things release(释放)poisons that make people sick. some chemicals can also cause food poisoning. they are often added to food while it is being grown, processed, or prepared.for example, many farmers spray chemicals on crops to kill weeds and insects. some people may have a bad reaction to those chemicals when they eat the crops.some plants and animals contain natural poisons that are harmful to people. these include certain kinds of seafood, grains, nuts, seeds, beans, and mushrooms. when people handle food properly, the risk of food poisoning is very small. microorganisms multiply rapidly in dirty places and in warm temperatures. this means that people should never touch food with dirty hands or put food on unwashed surfaces.food should be kept in a refrigerator to stop microorganisms from growing. meat needs to be cooked thoroughly to kill any dangerous microorganisms.people should also wash food covered with chemicals before eating it. finally, people should not eat wild mushrooms or other foods that grow in the wild.some of these foods may contain natural materials that are poisonous to humans. in addition, some types of fish can be poisonous.most people recover from food poisoning after a few days of resting and drinking extra water. if people eat natural poisons, they must go to