2019高考英语一轮优编选题Unit2TheUnitedKingdom含解析新人教版.docx

Unit 2 The United Kingdom李仕才一、阅读理解。Scientists in Britain have managed to teach bumblebees(大黄蜂) to pull strings to get to food and then pass on what they have learned to others in their colony(群体)showing a high level of intelligence despite their tiny brains.Researchers at Queen Mary University of London said the experiments, often used to test the intelligence of apes (猿) and birds, showed for the first time that some insects are up to the task, and can also pass skills on through several generations.The findings add to the evidence suggesting the ability for culture spread the ability to learn and pass on knowledge and skills may not be exclusive to humans.In the research, published in the journal PLOS Biology on Tuesday, the scientists were able to train 23 out of a group of 40 bees to pull strings with their legs and feet.The strings were attached to discs or artificial flowers containing food at their center but placed under a transparent screen. The bees, spotting the food beneath the screen, learned to pull the flowers out by pulling the string with their legs and feet to be able to get to it.From another group of bees given the chance to solve the task without any training, only two of 110 were successful.Another group of bees was then allowed to observe the trained bees pulling the strings, and 60 percent of them successfully learned the skill. Finally, trained bees were put in colonies, and the scientists found the technique spread successfully to a majority of the colonys worker bees.Lars Chittka, a Queen Mary University professor who guided the project, said the team is interested in figuring out the brain processes behind the bees learning and teaching skills.1.What does the underlined word exclusive in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Ordinary. B. Unique. C. Beneficial. D. Widespread.2.What did the researchers find about bees?A. Bees learn best in insects.B. Bees are as clever as birds.C. Bees are born good learners.D. Bees can be trained to learn skills.3.What may the research team focus on next?A. What else bees can do. B. Where bees learn skills.C. How bees teach others. D. How bees brain work.4.What may be the best title for the text?A. Small bees, great abilities B. Bees can learn and teachC. Bees are smarter D. Let bees learn【文章大意】本文为说明文，属于科普类文章。介绍了大黄蜂有学习能力，还会传播自己学到的知识。1.B 【解析】猜测词义题。依据第二段可知，大黄蜂也具有学习并传播所学知识的能力，结合第三段本句话可知，这种能力并非人类独有的，故选B项。2.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三、四、五、六、七段可知，蜜蜂可以被训练学习技能。D项正确。4.B 【解析】主旨大意题。综合全文尤其第一段可知，文章主要介绍一项科学发现，大黄蜂也可以学习并传播所学技能，故选B项。二、单句语法填空1. To his great (delighted)，his son passed the College Entrance Examination with firstclass honors.答案：delight2A number of visitors from all over the world are by the scenery.(attract)答案：attracted; attractive3(2018大同质量检测)The printing machines are always breaking ， which annoys him a lot.答案：down4It is strange that the wellbehaved gentleman (be) so rude to that old lady.答案：(should) be5Any help from you will be greatly appreciated. Please give me a reply at your earliest (convenient)答案：convenience6With their wedding approaching, they are busy making good (arrange) for it.答案：arrangements7 (divide) into four groups, the whole class began to discuss the topic.答案：Divided8The football team, (consist) of 22 players and three coaches, was set up about 3 years ago.答案：consisting9In the job interviews, job applicants often find themselves (ask) unexpected questions, some very difficult to answer.答案：asked10We paid a visit to Guilin, whose beauty was beyond (describe)答案：description三、完形填空。I had a bad habit of skipping to the last pages of a book. I just wanted to see how it ended 1 I was still in the middle of it. This habit 2 first my mom, then my friends, and 3 even my own daughter. Often my 4 wouldnt be limited just to the books I read but also to what others were 5 as well. Then one day my daughter told me in anger, “Dad, please just read a book one 6 at a time like everyone else! ”At times I didnt 7 this bad habit to just books either. I also tried to skip ahead in my own life and 8 out what to do months and even years from now 9 enjoying each day at present. Although I knew that the 10 of my life wasnt done yet and that I had many pages 11 to go. I still couldnt control my burning desire to write the 12 of it halfway through. Time and again, I would 13 jump ahead and try to solve every potential (潜在的) problem before it happened. Life, 14, doesnt work like that. It loves to 15 us, and you never know what new problems, changes or opportunities each new day will16. Recently when I found myself living in the 17 again, I felt a voice that gently told me I needed to “live one day at a time”. When I heard those words, I 18, turned the book of my life back to the 19 page, and thanked God for today. Each of us has to 20 the book of life line by line, moment by moment and trust that our story will be brought to its perfect end. 【文章大意】本文作者喜欢在读书读到一半时就先看故事的结局, 后来发展到其他事也这样没耐心。这让家人和朋友们都很不高兴, 女儿认为书应该从头到尾去读, 正如人生一样应该过好当下。1. A. since B. for C. when D. because【解析】选C。当一本书读到一半时, 我就想要知道结局是怎么样的。 since自从; for因为; when当时候; because 因为。故选C。2. A. confusedB. annoyedC. delightedD. embarrassed【解析】选B。根据下文“Then one day my daughter told me in anger”可知, 我的这个坏习惯激怒了(annoyed)很多人。confuse使困惑; annoy使恼怒; delight使高兴; embarrass使尴尬。故选B。3. A. usuallyB. obviouslyC. accidentallyD. finally【解析】选D。根据上文提到“first. . . then. . . ”可知, 最后(finally)惹恼了自己的女儿。usually通常; obviously明显地; accidentally偶然地; finally最后。故选D。4. A. impatienceB. misunderstandingC. disappointmentD. disagreement【解析】选A。我的不耐心不仅仅是对我自己读的书, 对他人读的书也是很急于知道故事的结局。impatience没耐心; misunderstanding误解; disappointment失望; disagreement不同意。故选A。5. A. sayingB. readingC. doingD. watching【解析】选B。根据上下文可知, 应该是读书, 读书用动词read。故选B。6. A. pageB. copyC. chapterD. edition【解析】选A。根据最后一段中的“Each of us has to_ the book of life line by line”可知, 女儿希望父亲看书时能像别人一样一页一页地看。page页码; copy 本; chapter章; edition版。故选A。7. A. contributeB. devoteC. applyD. limit【解析】选D。根据下句的“I also tried to skip ahead in my own life”可知, 我的坏习惯不仅仅是局限于看书方面, 也体现在我的生活上。 contribute贡献; devote奉献; apply申请, 应用; limit限制。故选D。8. A. tryB. figureC. letD. turn【解析】选B。我总是想要看到未来几个月甚至几年以后的事, 而不是享受现在的生活。try out(采用前)严密试验; figure out弄懂, 搞清楚; let out 泄露; turn out 结果是。 故选B。9. A. on the part ofB. other thanC. instead ofD. on the basis of【解析】选C。我总是想要看到未来几个月甚至几年以后的事, 而不是享受现在的生活。on the part of就而言; other than除了, 不同于; instead of代替, 而不是; on the basis of根据。 故选C。10. A. bookB. riverC. pictureD. play【解析】选A。根据空后的“that I had many pages_to go”可知, 这里作者把生活看作一本书。故选A。11. A. forgottenB. leftC. keptD. regretted【解析】选B。人生这本书还有很多可以看的。forget忘记; leave离开, 剩下; keep保持; regret遗憾。故选B。12. A. feelingsB. beginningC. endingD. comments【解析】选C。根据前文可知, 我在看书时总喜欢看到一半就想知道结局, 而对于自己人生的这本书, 虽然还没有写完, 但我已迫不及待地想要写出结局。feelings感觉; beginning开端; ending结局; comments评价。故选C。13. A. consciouslyB. strangelyC. foolishlyD. critically【解析】选C。根据下文“Life, _, doesnt work like that. ”可推知, 我总是在每一个潜在的问题还没发生时就尝试解决它, 所以这是愚蠢的。consciously自觉地; strangely 奇怪地; foolishly愚蠢地; critically批评性地。故选C。14. A. otherwiseB. moreoverC. thereforeD. however【解析】选D。然而人生并不像我们预设的那样。otherwise否则; moreover而且; therefore因此; however但是。故选D。15. A. surpriseB. cheatC. satisfyD. frighten【解析】选A。从下文中的“you never know what new problems, changes or opportunities each new day will_”可知, 生活总是有新问题, 变化或者机会使我们感到很惊讶。surprise使人惊讶; cheat欺骗; satisfy使人满意; frighten吓唬。故选A。16. A. makeB. bringC. takeD. award【解析】选B。生活中的每个新的一天总会给我们带来(bring)新的问题、变化或者机会。故选B。17. A. presentB. futureC. memoryD. dream【解析】选B。根据上文, 我在生活中总是想要搞清楚未来几个月甚至几年的事情, 即生活在“未来”, 由此可知选B。18. A. cheeredB. criedC. lostD. smiled【解析】选D。我明白了生活要一天天地过, 所以我笑了。cheer欢呼; cry哭; lose失去; smile 微笑。故选D。19. A. excitingB. hopefulC. favoriteD. right【解析】选D。当内心的声音提醒我要过好每一天时, 我把人生的这本书翻回到正确的(right)那一页。 exciting令人激动的; hopeful充满希望的; favorite最喜欢的; right对的。 故选D。20. A. writeB. reviewC. explainD. translate【解析】选A。根据上文中的“to write the_of it halfway through”可知选A。四、单句改错1Worry that he might lose his job, Peter always works extra hours to please his boss. 答案：WorryWorried2When first was introd