高考英语阅读理解二轮基础训练精品题（31）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解二轮基础训练精品题（31）及答案阅读理解-（a）every day we experience one of the wonders of the world around us without even realizing it. it is not the amazing complexity of television, nor the impressive technology of transport. the universal wonder we share and experience is our ability to make noise without mouths, and so transmit ideas and thoughts to each others minds. this ability comes so naturally that we tend to forget what a miracle (奇迹) it is.obviously, the ability to talk is something that marks humans off from animal. of course, some animals have powers just as amazing, birds can fly thousands miles by observing positions of the stars in the sky in relation to the time of day and year. in natures talent show, humans are a species of animal that have developed their own special act. if we reduce it to basic terms, its an ability for communicating information to others, by varying sounds we make as we breathe out.not that we dont have other powers of communication. our facial expressions convey our emotions, such as anger, or joy, or disappointment. the way we hold our heads can indicate to others whether we are happy or sad. this is so-called body language. bristling (直立的) fur is an unmistakable warning of attack among many animals. similarly, the bowed head or drooping tail shows a readiness to take second place in any animal gathering.such a means of communication is a basic mechanism that animals, including human beings, instinctively acquire and display. is the ability to speak just another sort of instinct? if so, how did human beings acquire this amazing skills ? biologist can readily indicate that particular area of our brain where speech mechanisms function, but this doesnt tell us how that part of our bodies originated in our biological history.本文是介绍关于人类使用语言的能力的说明文, 主要阐述人区分动物的特殊能力及其相似性。( ) 1. according to the passage, the wonder we take for granted is .a. our ability to use languageb. the miracle of technologyc. the amazing power of natured. our ability to make noises with mouth答案：a考点：细节理解题。题目: 根据文章, 我们认为理所当然的奇迹是:a: 我们使用语言的能力b: 技术的奇迹c: 自然的惊人力量d: 我们用嘴制造噪音的能力。解析：根据第一段倒数第二句话the universal wonder we share and experience is our ability to make noise without mouths, and so transmit ideas and thoughts to each others minds.可知: 我们把使用语言的能力这个奇迹当做理所当然。b, c选项与文章不符, 在第一段第二句话中可得知。d选项易误导学生, 在文章中虽然有原话, 但一句话没有说完, 关键是通过嘴巴发出的声音去给其他人传递信息。故d选项也是错误的。( ) 2. what feature of body language mentioned in the passage is common to both human an animals?a. lifting heads when sad.b. keeping long faces when angry.c. bristling hair when ready to attack.d. bowing heads when willing to obey.答案：d考点：细节理解题。题目: 文章中提到的肢体语言的什么特征对于人类和动物都是共同的:a: 伤心时抬头来源：21世纪教育网 b: 愤怒时拉长脸c: 准备攻击时直立毛皮d: 乐意服从时低头解析： 根据第三段最后一句话similarly, the bowed head or drooping tail shows .可知答案。a和b选项描绘的是人的肢体语言特征。c 选项描绘的是动物的肢体语言。( ) 3. what can be inferred from paragraph 3?a. body language is unique to humans.b. animals express emotions just as humans do.c. humans have other powers of communication.d. humans are no different from animals to some degree.答案：d考点：推理判断题。题目: 从第三段可以推段出:a: 肢体语言是人类独一无二的b: 动物和人类一样表达情感c: 人类有其他交流的能力d: 人类在某种程度上和动物是相同的解析： 根据第三段后三句话可知: 人类在某种程度上和动物没有不同。从段落中可得知a, b, c 均与文章不符。 ( ) 4. this passage is mainly about .a. the development of body language.b. the special role humans play in naturec. the power to convey information to othersd. the difference between humans and animals in language use答案：c考点：主旨大意题。题目: 这篇文章主要讲述什么？a: 肢体语言的发展b: 人类在自然中扮演的特殊角色c: 给他人传递信息的力量d: 人类和动物在语言使用中的差异解析： 整篇文章谈论的都是给他人传递信息的力量, 使用语言的能力。a, b选项文章未提及. d选项较片面, 文章第三段中提到了相似点和差异二种。passage ten(antinuclear demonstration)police fired tear gas and arrested more than 5,000 passively resisting protestors friday in an attempt to break up the largest antinuclear demonstration ever staged in the united states. more than 135,000 demonstrators confronted police on the construction site of a 1,000-megawatt nuclear power plant scheduled to provide power to most of southern new hampshire. organizers of the huge demonstration said, the protest was continuing despite the police actions. more demonstrators were arriving to keep up the pressure on state authorities to cancel the project. the demonstrator had charged that the project was unsafe in the densely populated area, would create thermal pollution in the bay, and had no acceptable means for disposing of its radioactive wasters. the demonstrations would go on until the jails and the courts were so overloaded that the state judicial system would collapse.governor stanforth thumper insisted that there would be no reconsideration of the power project and no delay in its construction set for completion in three years. “this project will begin on time and the people of this state will begin to receive its benefits on schedule. those who break the law in misguided attempts to sabotage the project will be dealt with according to the law,” he said. and police called in reinforcements from all over the state to handle the disturbances.the protests began before dawn friday when several thousand demonstrators broke through police lines around the cordoned-off construction site. they carried placards that read “no nukes is good nukes,” “sunpower, not nuclear power,” and “stop private profits from public peril.” they defied police order to move from the area. tear gas canisters fired by police failed to dislodge the protestors who had come prepared with their own gas masks or facecloths. finally gas-masked and helmeted police charged into the crowd to drag off the demonstrators one by one. the protestors did not resist police, but refused to walk away under their own power. those arrested would be charged with unlawful assembly, trespassing, and disturbing the peace.1.what were the demonstrators protesting about?a private profits.nuclear power station.c the project of nuclear power construction.d public peril.2.who had gas-masks?a everybody.a part of the protestors.c policemen.d both b and c.3.which of the following was not mentioned as a reason for the demonstration?a public transportation.public peril.c pollution.d disposal of wastes.4.with whom were the jails and courts overloaded?a with prisoners.with arrested demonstrators.c with criminals.d with protestors.5.what is the attitude of governor stanforth thumper toward the power project and the demonstration?a stubborn.insistent.c insolvable.d remissible.vocabulary1.tear gas 瓦斯2.passively resisting protestor 不抵抗的抗议者3.stage 发起，举行，上演4.break up 驱散，终止5.cordon 警戒线，警戒6.nuke （美俚）核武器，核电站7.defy 公然蔑视/反抗8.canister 罐，筒，榴霰弹筒9.islodge 赶走10.charge 冲锋，向前冲11.trespass 非法侵入，扰乱难句译注1.police fired tear gas and arrested more than 5,000 passively resisting protestors friday in an attempt to break up the largest antinuclear demonstration ever staged in the united states.【结构简析】句中间用in an attempt介词短语和staged分词使句子变长。staged修饰demonstration。【参考译文】星期五，再制止美国举行过的最大的反核示威游行中，警方发放了催泪瓦斯，逮捕了5000多不拒捕的抗议者，企图解散游行队伍。2. the protests began before dawn friday when several thousand demonstrators broke through police lines around the cordoned-off construction site.【结构简析】主从句。【参考译文】星期五拂晓之前，当好几千名示威者冲破警戒再核建设基地周围的警察封锁线时，抗议示威开始了。写作方法与文章大意这是一则有关反对核电站的群众示威抗议的新闻导报，采用对比手法。警方镇压；群众坚决抗议。第一段就写出了尽管警方释放催泪瓦斯，逮捕了5000多人，示威组织者申明抗议要继续下去，越来越多的抗议者参与对当局加压，想迫使其废除在当地建立核电站的计划。其理由是在人口密集地区建站不安全，在海湾产生热污染，核废料处理无有效方法。第二段叙述了州长大人坚决维护核电站的立场，不再考虑计划修改问题，三年内要完成核电站建设。届时，本州人民得益。对企图破坏计划实施而违法的人将以法处置。已集结全州警察加强对付这次捣乱。第三段讲了双方现场交战：星期五破晓，数千示威者（高举示威牌，上写：没有核电站就是好的核电站；不要核能，要太阳能等）冲过建设基地警察警戒线，警察用催泪瓦斯无效后，开始一个一个地抓逮示威者，被捕者将被控以非法集会、侵入和扰乱治安等罪名。答案详解1.c 抗议建设核电站计划。不是抗议核电站。至于b. 核电站还未建，所以不对。a. 私人利益 和 d. 公共危险，这些都是示威牌上之口号不是抗议的主攻方向。2.d 双方。 最后一段第四行最后和第五行“抗议者准备了他们自己的防毒面具或面罩。最后，头戴防毒面具和头盔的警察冲进人群一个一个地抓逮示威者。”所以说两方面都有防毒面具。3.a 公共交通运输。b. 公共危险。 c. 污染。 d. 废料处理，是三个抗议的理由。4.b 被逮捕的示威者。第一段最后一行“示威要继续下去直到州监牢和州法庭人满为患，从而使州司法体系垮台。”说明示威者准备去坐牢，决不服输的决心。而人多到监牢装不下证明州司法的问题。所以这里只能是被抓的示威者。a. 犯人。 c. 罪犯。d.抗议者。警察不可能抓所有的抗议者。关在牢里的只能是被抓的示威者。5.a 固执己见，冥顽不化。见第二段他坚持说核电站计划不用再考虑，三年内一定要建成，计划准时开始，本州人民到时候就能获益。对这些违法企图破坏计划的人依法惩处。并且从州内各处调集警察来处理这次“骚乱”。从语言到行动都说明，这位州长固执己见，顽固得很。b. 坚持的。 c. 不能解决的。 d. 可宽恕的。阅读理解-asince the 1970s, scientists have been searching for ways to link the brain with computers. brain-computer interface(bci) technology could help people with disabilities send commands to machines.recently, two researchers, jose millan and michele tavella from the federal polytechnic school in lausanne, switzerland, demonstrated（展示）a small robotic wheelchair directed by a persons thoughts.in the laboratory, tavella operated the wheelchair just by thinking about moving his left or right band. he could even talk as he watched the vehicle and guided it with his thoughts.“our brain has billions of nerve ceils. these send signals through the spinal cord （脊髓）to the muscles to give us the ability to move. but spinal cord injuries or other conditions can prevent these weak electrical signals from reaching the muscles,” tavella says. “our system allows disabled people to communicate with external world and also to control devices.”the researchers designed a special cap for the user. this head cover picks up the signals from the scalp(头皮) and sends them to a computer. the computer interprets the signals and commands the motorized wheelchair. the wheelchair also has two cameras that identify objects in its path. they help the computer react to commands from the brain. prof. millan, the team leader, says scientists keep improving the computer software that interprets brain signals and turns them into simple commands. “the practical possibilities that bci technology offers to disabled people can be grouped in two categories: communication, and controlling devices. one example is this wheelchair.”he says his team has set two goals. one is testing with real patients, so as to prove that this is a technology they can benefit front. and the other is to guarantee