高考英语二轮阅读理解精英训练精品题（20）.doc

2014高考英语二轮阅读理解精英训练精品题（20）及答案高考英语冲刺阅读理解专项-aits no secret that many children would be healthier and happier with adoptive parents than with the parents that nature dealt them. thats especially true of children of children who remain in abusive homes because the law blindly favors biological parents. its also true of children who suffer for years in foster homes because of parents who cant or wont care for them but refuse to give up custody (监护) rights.fourteen-year-old kimberly mays fits neither description, but her recent court victoty could eventually help children who do. kimberly has been the object of an angry custody battle between the man who raised her and her biological parents, with whom she has never lived. a florida judge ruled that the teenager can remain with the only father shes ever known and that her biological parents have “no legal right” on her.the ruling, though it may yet be reversed, sets aside the principle that biology is the primary determinant of parentage. thats an important development, though not so much in time.shorly after birth in december 1978, kimberly mays and another baby were mistakenly switched and sent home with the wrong parents. kimberlys biological parents, ernest and regina twigg, received a child who died of a heart disease in 1988. medical tests showed that the child wasnt the twiggs own daughter, but kim only was, thus causing a custody battle with robert mays. in 1989, the two families agreed that mr. mays would continue to have custody with the twiggs getting visiting rights. those rights were ended when mr. mays decided that kimberly was being harmed. the decision to leave kimberly with mr. mays caused people to debate her suit. but the judge made clear that kimberly did have rights to make a decision on her own behalf. thus he made clear that she was more than just possession to be handled as adults saw it.certainly, the biological link between parent and child is important. but biological parents arent alway preferable to adoptive ones, and biological parentage does not have an complete ownership that cancels all the rights of children.1. what was first of all considered in the florida judges ruling? a. the biological link b. the childs benefits c. the true practice d. the parentss feelings.答案解析：答案为b。本题为推理题。由第二段 “a florida judge ruled that the teenager can remain with the only father shes ever known and that her biological parents have no legal right on her.” 可知，kimberly仍然和他的养父一起，生父母没有合法监护权利。由第三段对判决的评论 “the ruling, though it may yet be reversed, sets aside the principle that biology is the primary determinant of parentage. thats an important development, though not so much in time.”可知， 该判决不把亲生关系作为判决的决定因素，这种改进虽然不及时，但是一种重要的进步。故答案为b，法官判决首先考虑的是孩子的利益。2. we can learn from the kimberlys case that . a. children are more than just personal possessions of their parents b. the biological link between parent and child should be paid more attention to c. foster homes bring children more pain and suffering than care d. biological parents shouldnt demand custody rights after their child is adopted答案解析：答案为a。本题为细节推理题。由倒数第二段最后一句话 “thus he made clear that she was more than just possession to be handled as adults saw it.” 可知，答案为a。3. the twiggs demanded custody rights to kimberly because they . a. found her unhappy in mr.mays custody b. thought they could treat her nicer c. were her biological parents d. felt very sorry about their past mistake 答案解析：答案为c。本题为细节推理题。由第四段 “medical tests showed that the child wasnt the twiggs own daughter, but kim only was, thus causing a custody battle with robert mays.”可知，twiggs是kimberly的亲生父母。故答案为c。4. kimberly had been given to mr.mays . a. by complete accident b. at his request c. out of her parentss mistakes d. for better care答案解析：答案为a。本题为细节题，由第四段 “shorly after birth in december 1978, kimberly mays and another baby were mistakenly switched and sent home with the wrong parents.”可知，kimberly出生后，和另外一个婴儿被错误的调换了， 纯属偶然。故答案为a。阅读理解habits are a funny thing. we reach for them mindlessly，setting our brains on autopilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting creatures，”william wordsworth said in the 19th century. in the everchanging 21st century，even the word“habit”carries a negative meaning.so it seems contradictory to talk about habits in the same context as innovation (创新)but brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits ，we create parallel paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new，innovative tracks.rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits. in fact，the more new things we try, the more creative we become.but dont bother trying to kill off old habits；once those ruts of procedure are worn into the brain，theyre there to stay. instead，the new habits we deliberately press into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads. “the first thing needed for innovation is attraction to wonder，” says dawna markova, author of the open mind. “but we are taught instead to decide ，just as our president calls himself the decider. ”she adds, however，that“to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. a good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.” “all of us work through problems in ways of which were unaware，” she says. researchers in the late 1960s discovered that humans are born with the ability to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, collaboratively (合作地) and innovatively. at the end of adolescence，however, the brain shuts down half of that ability, preserving only those ways of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.the current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us use our innovative and collaborative ways of thought. “this breaks the major rule in the american belief systemthat anyone can do anything, ” explains m. j. ryan, author of the 2006 book this year i will.and ms. markovas business partner. “thats a lie that we have preserved，and it fosters commonness. knowing what youre good at and doing even more of it creates excellence. ”this is where developing new habits comes in.本文论述了创新思维与有意识培养新习惯之间的关系。17brain researchers have discovered that _.a. the forming of new habits can be guidedb. the development of habits can be predictedc. the regulation of old habits can be transformedd. the track of new habits can be created unconsciously答案：a。事实细节题。由第三段首句“rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits.”可知a项正确。18the underlined word “ruts” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _.a. zones b. connectionsc. situations d. tracks答案：d。词义猜测题。由画线词所在的第四段中的信息词pathway(路，径)和road(路，道路)可推测出d项正确。track路，路径，轨迹。19which of the following statements most probably agrees with dawna markovas view?a. decision makes no sense in choices.b. curiosity makes creative minds active.c. creative ideas are born of a relaxing mind.d. formation of innovation comes from fantastic ideas.答案：b。推理判断题。由第五段首句和尾句尤其是“the first thing needed for innovation is attraction to wonder(创新的第一要素是好奇)”可推断出b项正确。20the purpose of the author writing this article is to persuade us _.a. to give up our traditional habits deliberatelyb. to create and develop new habits consciouslyc. to resist the application of standardized testingd. to believe that old habits conflict with new habits答案：b。主旨大意题。总览文章可知，作者认为创新和新习惯的养成在很多方面是相通的，从而试图说服我们去有意识地创新和培养新习惯。时闻型阅读理解-(一)londona british judge on thursday sentenced a businessman who sold fake(假冒的) bomb detectors (探测器) to 10 years in prison, saying the man hadnt cared about potentially deadly consequences.it is believed that james mccormick got about $77. 8 million from the sales of his detectorswhich were based on a kind of golf ball finderto countries including iraq, belgium and saudi arabia.mccormick, 57, was convicted(判罪) of cheats last month and sentenced thursday at the old bailey court in london.“your cheating conduct in selling a great amount of useless equipment simply for huge profit promoted a false sense of security and in all probability materially contributed to causing death and injury to innocent people，” judge richard hone told mccormick.“you have neither regret，nor shame，nor any sense of guilt.”the detectors，sold for up to $42，000 each，were said to be able to find such dangerous objects as bombs under water and from the air. but in fact they “lacked any grounding in science” and were of no use.mccormick had told the court that he sold his detectors to the police in kenya，the prison service in hong kong，the army in egypt and the border control in thailand.“i never had any bad results from customers，” he said.1why was mccormick sentenced to prison?ahe sold bombs.bhe caused death of people.che made detectors.dhe cheated in business. 2according to the judge, what mccormick had done _. a. increased the cost of safeguardingb. lowered peoples guard against dangerc. changed peoples idea of social securityd. caused innocent people to commit crimes3mccormick sold his detectors to the following countries except_a. egypt bkenya c. thailand dkorea4which of the following is true of the detectors? a. they have not been sold to africa.b. they have caused many serious problems.c. they can find dangerous objects in water.d. they dont function on the basis of science.5it can be inferred from the passage that mccormick _a. sold the equipment at a low priceb. was wellknown in most countriesc. did not think he had committed the crimed. had not got such huge profit as mentioned in the text(一)【要点综述】 这是一篇新闻报道。文章叙述了英国法官审判了一位商人，他有出售假冒炸弹探测器的犯罪行为。但这名犯罪嫌疑人根本没有意识到他的行为给社会带来的危害。1d细节理解题。根据第一段“a british judge on thursday sentenced a businessman who sold fake (假冒的) bomb detectors (探测器) to 10 years in prison”以及“mccormick, 57, was convicted (判罪) of cheats last month”可知，mccormick被判处欺诈罪。故可以判断选d。2b推理判断题。根据第四段“your cheating conduct in selling a great amount of useless equipment simply for huge profit promoted a false sense of security and in all probability materially contributed to causing death and injury to innocent people”可知选b。3d细节理解题。由倒数第二段可得出答案。4d细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“but in fact they lacked any grounding in science and were of no use.”可知，事实上它们“没有任何科学根据”，是没有用的。可以判断选d。5c推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“mccormick had told the court that he sold his detectors to the police in kenya, the prison service in hong kong, the army in egypt and the border control in thailand.”及最后一段可知，麦考密克曾在法庭上说，他出售自己的探测器给肯尼亚警察、香港监狱、埃及的军队和泰国的边境管制处， 而且他从来没有从客户那里听到任何不好的结果。故可以推断出他根本没有认识到他的罪行。故选c。高考英语冲刺阅读理解专项-bthe discovery of an ancient giant panda skull has confirmed its bamboo diet dates back more than 2 million years and may have played a key part in its survival.a chinese-us research team reports its results today following studies on a fossil skull found in south chinas cuangxi zhuang autonomous region in 2001.the six fossils unearthed in jinyin cave are dated between 2.4 and 2 million years ago, according to the report in proceedings of the national academy of sciences, an influential us journal.jin changzhu, of the chinese academy of sciences (cas) and lead author of the paper, said the smaller fossil skull indicates the giant pandas were about a third smaller than todays pandas.researchers knew the panda reached its maximum size about 500,000 years ago, when it peaked ,and then gradually became smaller.jin, a paleontologist (古生物学者) at the institute of vertebrate paleontology and paleoanthropology (古人类学) attached to the cas, said the size variation was a basic rule of evolution.“a species tends to grow bigger when it reaches the peak of its population , but becomes smaller when numbers decline,” he said. the dental remains of the skull, which is the oldest giant panda skull ever found, are similar to todays pandas, indicating the type of teeth that could munch (津津有味地嚼)mountains of bamboo. a panda can eat up to 40kg of bamboo per day.paleoanthropologist russell ciochon, the us co-author at the university of lowa, said the pandas focus on bamboo could have helped it survive all these years.“once an animal begins to rely on a common and stable food source, such as bamboo, it tends to evolve a larger body size,” he said. “as individuals of the evolving species grow bigger, they have a better chance not to be eaten by predators (肉食动物) due to their larger body size.”1. according to the research of the cas , there were most pandas in the world . a. 2 million years ago b. between 2.4 and 2 million years agoc. 500,000 years ago d. nowadays答案解析：答案为c。本题为细节题。第四段提到了cas，接下来一段提到 “researchers knew the panda reached its maximum size about 500,000 years ago, when it peaked .”可知熊猫的体型最大的时候也是数量达到顶峰的时候是在500,000 年以前。故答案为c。2. the underlined word “variation” in para 6 means . a. fall b. change c. increase d. decrease答案解析：答案为b。本题为词义推断题。结合划线部分所在的上下文，第五段和第七段提到了“maximum size”、“became smaller”与“grow bigger”，可以推断“size variation”就是体型变化，故答案为b。3. from the passage, we can learn . a. pandas