【备考 志鸿优化设计】（湖南专用）中考英语总复习 专题十 时态（语法专项突破+系统梳理+提升演练）（含解析） 人教新目标版 (2).doc

语法专项突破专题十时态考点一一般现在时1概念、句式结构以及常用的时间状语（1）概念：一般现在时主要表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态，也可表示现在的情况或状态以及永恒的真理。i like apples.我喜欢苹果。he often goes to school late.他经常上学迟到。（2）句式结构（肯定句）有以下两种：句式结构例句be（am/is/are）表语bob is a doctor.鲍勃是一名医生。实义动词作谓语she likes eating chocolate.她喜欢吃巧克力。（3）常用的时间状语有：always，usually，often，every day等。i usually go to school on foot.我通常步行去上学。2第三人称单数的构成方式当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，其变化规则如下：类型变化规则举例一般情况在词尾加sswimswimsopenopens以e结尾加sclosecloses以s，x，sh，ch，o结尾在词尾加espasspasseswashwashesgogoes以“辅音字母y”结尾变y为i再加escarrycarriesstudystudies特殊情况不规则变化havehas3.一般现在时的用法（1）表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态，常与表频率的时间状语连用。my mother often goes shopping on weekends.我妈妈经常在周末去购物。（2）描述现在的情况、状态等。tom is ill.汤姆生病了。（3）描述客观真理、客观存在或科学事实等。light travels faster than sound.光比声音传播得快。（4）在含时间状语从句或条件状语从句的复合句中，若主句用一般将来时，则从句用一般现在时表示将来。ill ring you up if tom comes back tomorrow.如果汤姆明天回来，我就给你打电话。考点二一般过去时1概念、句式结构以及常用的时间状语（1）概念：一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。his dog died yesterday.昨天他的狗死了。（2）句式结构（肯定句）有以下两种：句式结构例句be（was/were）表语bill wasnt at home last night.比尔昨晚不在家。实义动词过去式作谓语jim went swimming yesterday.吉姆昨天去游泳了。（3）常用的时间状语有：yesterday（昨天），the day before yesterday（前天），last week（上星期），two days ago（两天前），just now（刚才）等。ann went to shanghai last week.上周安去上海了。2动词过去式的构成方式在一般过去时中，谓语动词要用过去式，过去式的变化分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。下面讲一下规则变化：类型规则举例一般情况加edplantplantedplayplayed以e结尾加dlivelivedchangechanged以“辅音字母y”结尾变y为i再加edcarrycarriedstudystudied以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母双写这个辅音字母，再加edstopstoppedplanplanned3.一般过去时的用法（1）表示过去发生或过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态。bill visited the great wall yesterday.比尔昨天游览了长城。lucy went to the hospital once a week last year.去年露西每周去医院一次。（2）用于虚拟条件句中，表示与现在事实相反的情况。if i were you，i would take a small present.如果我是你的话，我就带上一件小礼物。考点三一般将来时1概念、句式结构以及常用的时间状语（1）概念：一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。i will visit you tomorrow.明天我将拜访你。（2）句式结构（肯定句）有以下三种：句式结构例句will/shall动词原形they will have a good time.他们将会玩得很愉快。be going to动词原形we are going to take an exam.我们将要参加一个考试。现在进行时表将来the bus is coming.公共汽车要来了。（3）常用的时间状语有：tomorrow，the day after tomorrow，in two hours，soon，in the future等。my father will come back in two days.我爸爸两天后回来。2一般将来时的用法（1）be going to和will表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。were going to have a meeting to discuss the plan.我们打算开会讨论这个计划。she will reach here at five oclock this afternoon by car.今天下午五点她将乘车到达这里。（2）be going to表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。look at the dark clouds.its going to rain.看那乌云，天马上要下雨了。he will be twenty years old next year.明早他就要20岁了。考点四现在进行时1概念、句式结构以及常见的时态标志词（1）概念：现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作。jim is watching tv.吉姆正在看电视。（2）句式结构：主语am（is，are）现在分词ann is singing.安正在唱歌。（3）常见的时态标志词：now，at the moment，look，listen等。look！she is dancing.看！她正在跳舞。2现在分词的构成方式类型变化规则举例一般情况直接加ingplayplayingreadreading以不发音的e结尾去e加inglivelivingwritewriting以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母双写词尾的辅音字母再加ingputputtingsitsitting以ie结尾变ie为y再加ingdiedyinglielyingtietying3.现在进行时的用法（1）表示目前正在进行的动作。nick is having lunch.尼克正在吃午饭。（2）与always，usually，forever等词连用，表示说话者的赞扬、厌恶或不满等情绪。he is always helping others.他总是帮助别人。（3）一些表示位置移动的动词，如go，come，leave，fly，arrive 等，常用现在进行时表示即将发生的动作。im leaving for beijing tomorrow.我打算明天离开去北京。考点五过去进行时1概念、句式结构以及常用的时间状语（1）概念：表示在过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。i was watching tv at 8：00 last night.昨天晚上八点我正在看电视。（2）句式结构：主语was（were）现在分词当主语为第一、三人称单数时，用was，其余用were。bill was playing basketball when i saw him.当我看见比尔的时候，他正在打篮球。（3）常用的时间状语有：at nine oclock last night（昨天晚上九点），at that time（那时），at that moment（当时），this time yesterday（昨天的这个时候），from 8：00 to 9：00 last night（昨晚8：00到9：00）以及when，while引导的时间状语从句等。jim was having supper at this time yesterday.昨天这个时候吉姆正在吃晚饭。2过去进行时的用法（1）表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。i was watering my flowers at nine yesterday morning.昨天上午九点我在给花浇水。（2）表示过去某一段时间正在进行的动作。what were you doing from 8：00 to 9：00 last night?昨晚8：00到9：00你在干什么？考点六现在完成时1概念以及句式结构（1）概念：现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，还表示动作从过去某时开始，一直持续到现在，并有可能持续下去。i have had lunch.我已经吃了午饭了。（影响是不饿了）（2）句式结构：主语have/has过去分词bill has gone to beijing.比尔去北京了。（不在这里了）2现在完成时的用法和常用的时间状语（1）表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，常与already，yet，ever等连用。she has already finished the work.她已经完成了工作。（2）表示动作从过去某时开始一直持续到现在，并有可能持续下去，常与“for时间段”或“since表过去的时间点或一般过去时的句子”连用，此时句中的动词必须是延续性动词。i have lived in beijing for 10 years.我已经住在北京十年了。3短暂性动词的转换问题英语中有些动词，如come，go，begin，start，die，buy，borrow，sell等，被称为短暂性动词。短暂性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，若与时间段连用通常要借助以下几种方式：（1）将短暂性动词转化为“be形容词或副词”。begin（start）be ongo therebe therecome backbe backcome herebe hereopenbe openclosebe closeddiebe deadmarrybe marriedfinishbe overgo to bedbe in bedleavebe awayreturnbe backjoinbe in/a member offall asleepbe asleeplosebe lostfall illbe ill如：这家商店开门6个小时了。the shop has opened for 6 hours.（）the shop has been open for 6 hours.（）（2）有的短暂性动词可以转化为意思相同的延续性动词。borrowkeepput onwear/be onbecomebeget to knowknowbuyhave（own）catch a coldhave a coldreceivehavego to sleepsleep如：这本书我借了一个月了。i have borrowed that book for one month.（）i have kept that book for one month.（）4现在完成时与一般过去时的区别两种时态除结构、句式和搭配的时间状语不同之外，最重要的就是意义不同。试比较：he has lived here since 1972.自1972年起他就一直住在这儿。（对现在的影响是他还住在这儿）he lived here in 1972.在1972年他住在这儿。（并没有说明他现在是否还住在这儿）考点七现在完成进行时1概念以及句式结构（1）概念：表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，这个动作可能还会持续下去。i have been learning english since six years ago.自从六年前我就学习英语。（2）句式结构：主语have（has）been现在分词tom has been collecting shells for five years.汤姆已经收集贝壳五年了。2现在完成进行时的用法和常用的时间状语（1）强调过去发生的动作一直持续到现在，常与all day，all the morning，all these years或“for一段时间”等连用。ive been working in the company for 15 years.我在这家公司工作15年了。（2）有时具有强烈的感情色彩，表示愤怒或不满。ive been waiting for you the whole day.我一天都在等你。考点八过去完成时1概念、句式结构以及常用的时间状语（1）概念：表示到过去某时为止或在过去某时之前已经发生或完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。i had cooked supper when my mother came back.当妈妈回来的时候我已经做好了晚饭。（2）句式结构：主语had过去分词其他i realized i had left my homework at home when i got to school.当我到学校的时候我意识到把家庭作业忘在家里了。（3）常用的时间状语：by the end of last term，by then以及when，after等引导的时间状语从句。i had learned 2000 english words by the end of last term.到上个学期末为止我已经学习了两千个英语单词。2过去完成时的用法（1）表示在过去某一时间之前已经发生或完成的动作，它表示动作发生在“过去的过去”。by the time we arrived，the movie had already begun.当我们到达时，电影已经开始了。（2）用在told，knew，heard等动词后的宾语从句中。lily said（that）she had never been to paris.莉莉说她从没去过巴黎。（3）用在含when，after，before等引导的状语从句的复合句中。when the police arrived，the thieves had run away.当警察到的时候，小偷们已经逃跑了。考点九过去将来时1概念以及句式结构（1）概念：表示在过去看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。ann said she would help me.安说她将帮助我。（2）相对于一般将来时而言，其句式结构有以下三种：would/should动词原形was/were going to动词原形was/were doing进行时态表将来bill told me he would buy a new house the next day.比尔告诉我第二天他将买一幢新房子。2过去将来时的用法（1）在叙述过去的事情或事情发生的经过时，用过去将来时表示在当时看将来会发生的事。it was may 30.mike had just left his home.he was going to play basketball with his friend，so he decided to call his friend first.那是5月30号，迈克刚离开家，他打算和朋友一起打篮球，于是他决定先给朋友打电话。（2）用于主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中，表示将要发生的事情或曾经打算要做的事情。nick asked when the meeting would end.尼克问会议何时结束。1（2012湖南湘潭中考，29）mary _ to school 10 minutes ago.awentbhas gone cgoes 2（2012湖南郴州中考，28）both alice and i _ the film titanic before.ahave seen bhas seen csees3（2012湖南衡阳中考，25）our math teacher _ in our school for 20 years and he _ here when he was 25 years old.ataught；comes btaught；came chas taught；came4（2012湖南株洲中考，27）if more trees _ planted，our city will be more beautiful.awere bare cwill be5（2012湖南株洲中考，30）have you ever been to shanghai?yes.i _ there with my father last year.awent bhave been chave gone6（2012 贵州遵义中考，33）hello，may i speak to zhang jun?oh，sorry！he _ to guiyang.ahas been bhas gone cwent7（2012 贵州遵义中考，35）my father_ on business for two weeks.hell return in three days.ahas been away bleft chas left8（2012湖南怀化中考，26）look，some people _ photos on the beach.atook btakes care taking 9（2012四川凉山中考，33）when will your aunt leave for shanghai?i dont know，but ill call you as soon as she_.aleaves bwill leave cleft10（2012四川凉山中考，30）what do you think of sanya?oh，its a beautiful city，i _there for several times.ahave been bhave been to chave gone to11where is ben?he _ to the teachers office.he will be back soon.ago bhas gone chas been12how was your trip to hangzhou，jim?great！we _ to xixi national wetland park.ago bam going cwent13nathan hale _ he _ his life for his country.asaid；give bsays；will give csaid；would give14you are too late.the film _ since half an hour ago.ahas begun bhas been on cbegan15there _ an english party in our school tomorrow evening.awill be bwill have cis going to have16great changes _ in tongren in the past five years.ahave happenedbhave taken placechave been taken place17how long has sam been skating?he _ for five hours.askated bhas been skating cwas skating18i _ my hometown for a long time.i really miss it!ahave been away frombwent away fromchave left19this morning i had hardly got to my school when it _ to rain.ahad begun bwas beginning cbegan20five years ago nobody knew him，although he _ more than 100 songs.aalready wrotebhave already writtenchad already written21when i got to school，amy _his homework.ahad invented bhad finished chad developed22can your father drive?yes，and he_to work every day.ais driving bdrove cdrives参考答案 专题十时态专题提升演练1a由时间状语10 minutes ago可知时态为一般过去时。2a由before可知时态为现在完成时，both.and连接并列主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。3c由时间状语for 20 years可知时态为现在完成时，再由when引导的时间状语从句为一般过去时，可知答案为c项。4bif