高中英语定语从句讲解及练习.doc

Step 1 Leading-in （导入）用下划线标出下文中定语或定语从句。He is a clever student. He is a student who is good at English. He lives in a small village. His grandfather lived there before. I know a girl who lives in the village too. Her name is Wang Fang. Wang Fangs father is a farmer. He is a hard-working farmer.Step 2 语法讲解1：有关定语从句的几个概念1）功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语 2）位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后：Those who are willing to attend the party sign here please.3）先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词称为先行词4）关系词：引导定语从句的都称关系词2：关系词的双重身份及其选用原则1）先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。 2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分 。先行词前指代先行词 关系词 定语从句后在从句中做句子成分人 who 主语(说明是“谁”) 人 whom 宾语(说明是“谁”)人 whose定语(说明是“谁的”)人 that 主语 /宾语物 which 主语 /宾语时间when 时间状语原因why原因状语地点where 地点状语人物/事件/句子as 主语/宾语/表语 3：熟记如下原则:A：关系词必用which 的定语从句1）在非限制性定语从句 2）在关系词前有介词时3）当先行词本身是that时 4）当关系词离先行词较远时B：当先行词指物时,宜用that1）先行词被 形容词最高级 序数词 数词几种词修饰或被 only、any、few、little、no、all、one of 等修饰时。2）先行词被allmuchlittlenonefewonesomethinganything等不定代词修饰时。3）先行词中既有人又有物时。 He was looking pleasantly at the children and parcels that filled his bus.4）当主句中含疑问词which时。Which are the books that you bought for me?5）先行词在主句中作表语，关系词在从句中作表语时。The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago。C: who与that都可指人时，情况多用who作关系词 .1）当主句是there be句型时，关系词用 。2）先行词是为anyone、those、someone、everyone、one等词时，关系词用 。3） whom在从句中只作宾语，可被 取代。4）当主句是who作疑问词时，关系词用 。 Who is that girl that is standing by the window?D: whose作关系词既指人又指物，在从句中作定语。 Do you know Mr. Smith whose story is very moving? Do you know Mr. Smith, the story of whom is very moving? There is a room, whose window faces the river.（whose引导定从修饰room）There is a room, the window of which faces the river.There is a room, and its window faces the river. (2并列句用and 连接)1) She has two brothers, wives are doctors.2) She has two brothers, and wives are doctors.E：关系代词as,作主语、宾语和表语先行词被such和the same修饰，或句型as many（much）中，从句都用as 引导。1. Such books as you bought are useful.2. The school is just the same as it was 10 years ago.注意：区别 such that 引导的结果状语从句。They are such lovely children that we love them much. the same that 引导定语从句。I want to use the same tool that as you used just now.F: 关系副词when与where、why：when 指时间 = in / at / on / during which；where指地点 = in / at / from / which；why指原因 = for which1）I heard the reason_ he gave .2）I heard the reason _he was late . 3）Is this the factory _ you visited yesterday？ 4）Is this the factory _you worked before？5）I will never forget the days_we spent together_we travelled in America.Step3 定语从句练习： 1. The place _interested me most was the Childrens Palace.A. which B. where C. what D. in which2. Do you know the man _?A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spokeStep 4 高考链接1. The prize will go to the writer _ story shows the most imagination. (2011全国卷I) A. that B. which C. whose D. what2. Youll find taxis waiting at the bus station _ you can hire to reach your host family. (11上海卷) A. which B. where C. when D. as定语从句练习一定语从句的理解： 用来修饰名词或代词的词成为定语：例如： a tall building the book on the desk anything important the girl in red 能否再举出类似的例子_以上的定语都是单词或短语，如果定语是句子时，便成为定语从句。 I know the girl in red I know the girl who is in red (这样变化帮助理解，前者表示更简洁，所以一般我们会在无法用某个词汇或短语来修饰名词或代词时，我们选择定语从句来帮助)I know the girl. The girl is in red. (两个简单句) （定语从句）I know the girl who is in red. 找出被修饰的词是_。这个词就成为先行词。其中连接两个句子的是_。 它就成为关系词。关系词在从句中指代先行词，并在从句中充当一定的成分，观察上句，关系词在从句中充当_。二试一试：观察下列几组简单句，并试着写出定语从句。(后面附有定语从句中关系词的用法，先学习后，可以帮助)I know the woman. The woman is come from France. _He loves the dog. His mother bought the dog for him._This is the soldier. The soldier saved the boys life. _ He was friendly to the stranger. He met the stranger in the street. _Lilly bought the book. The books cover is pink. _The boy studies hard. The boys father is a doctor. _This is the school. My mother works in the school. _I still remember that day. You left for Beijing on that day. _Could you explain the reason? You were late for the reason. _I will never forget the time. I spent the time with my grandparents. _三：用适当的关系词填空：1. I still remember the night _I first came to the house.2. Ill never forget the day_ we met each other last week.3. Mr. Black is going to Beijing in October, _is the best season there.4. I will never forget the days _I spent with your family.5. Ill never forget the last day_ we spent together.6. This is the school _I used to study.7. Do you still remember the place_ we visited last week?8. Do you still remember the place_ we visited the painting exhibition?9. Have you ever been to Hangzhou, _is famous for the West Lake?10. Have you ever bee to Hang Zhou, _lies the West Lake?11. Tom will go to Shanghai, _live his two brothers.12. I live in Beijing, _is the capital of China.13. There was a time _there were slaves in the USA.14. It is the third time _you have made the same mistake.15. It was in the street _I met John yesterday.16. It was about 600 years ago_the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.17. The moment _I saw you, I recognized(认出)you.18. This is the very novel about_weve talked so much.19. This is the way_he did it.20. Who is the student _was late for school today?21. Who _knows him wants to make friends with him?22. She loves playing soccer is very popular in the UK.23. He lives in the room_window faces to the south.24. The park is a very quiet place you can have e rest.25. This is Mr. John for_son I brought a book yesterday.26. This is Mr. John for_I bought a book yesterday.27. This is the hour_the place is always full of women and children.28. And there is one point _Id like your advice.29. Winter is the time of year_the days are short and nights are long.30. I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place_you may spend your weekend.四：高考题：1.The old town has narrow streets and small houses _are built close to each other. （20山东卷） A. they B. where C. what D. that2. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _had taken more than three years. （2011江西卷）A. for which B. with which C. of which D. to which3. A bank is the place _ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. （2011浙江卷） A. when B. that C. where D. there4. She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _ allows them to communicate freely with each other. （2011福建卷） A. which B. where C. what D. who 5. The days are gone _ physical strength was all you needed to make a living. （2011天津卷） A. when B. that C. where D. which五：翻译：1：我在实验高中读书。 2：我在实验高中读书，实验高中位于我们县城南部。（用定语从句） 3：我热爱中国古代哲学。 4：我热爱中国古代哲学，古代中国哲学很有意思。（用定语从句） 5：孔子是位伟大的哲学家，他影响了中国2000多年。 6：墨子是中国古代很有影响力的哲学家。 7：墨子是中国古代很有影响力的哲学家，他以穿着不修边幅和行为举止而文明。 定语从句练习二1.Sorry, we dont have the coat _ you need. A. what B. who C. whom D. which2.This is the dictionary _ Mum gave me for my birthday. A. which B. what C. whose D. whom3.Do you know the man _ is sitting behind Nancy? A. what B. which C. who D. whom4.The book _ he bought yesterday is very interesting. A. / B. why C. when D. what5.I have found some pictures of the most interesting places _ you can visit during the winter holidays. A. where B. which C. what D. that6.Id like to tell you about the table manners _ you should know when you visit Korea. A. which B. who C. what D. how7.I shall never forget those years _ I lived on the farm with the farmers, _has a great effect on my life. A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which 8.Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it 9.Is _ some German friends visited last week? A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where 10.-What kind of music do you like? -I like music _ has great lyrics. A. that B. what C. who D. whose11.That is the only thing _ I bought from the supermarket. A. which B. that C. what D. where12.The place _ interested me most was the Childrens Palace. A. which B. where C. what D. in which13.The computer _ last week has gone wrong. A. which I bought it B. I bought C. what I bought D. I bought it14.That is the poor boy _ father died in a traffic accident last year. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which15.Do you know the girl _ is standing under the tree? A. who B. whom C. which D. where16.Is the woman _ talked to our teacher yesterday your mother? A. who B. whom C. which D. what17.The young lady _ we met yesterday is our new maths teacher. A. what B. whose C. whom D. which18.I like to live in a house _ is big and bright. A. that B. who C. how D. why19.I hate people _ talk much but do little. A. whom B. which C. who D. when20.I am one of the boys _never late for school. A. that is B. who are C. who am D. who is21.Mr Green, there is someone at the front desk _ would like to speak with you. A. he B. who C. which D. whom22.I love the small village _ I was born. A. that B. which C. where D. whose23.Here comes the girl _ handwriting is the best in our class. A. which B. whose C. that D. who24.My parents usually buy me some simple clothes _ can last a long time. A. who B. that C. whom D. whose25.The boy _ is watering the flowers is my cousin. A. which B. what C. whom D. that 26.-Do you know everybody _ came to the party? -No, I dont know the one_ you had a long talk with near the door. A. who;/ B. whose; that C. that; which D. /; whom27. The boy_ won the first prize is called Roy. A. when B. whom C. who D. which28.Children like houses _ are painted in different colours. A. which B. they C. those D. what29.Do you think most students prefer tests _ have easy questions? A. who B. where C. that D. it30. He is one of the experienced engineers in this factory _ hard work was repaid with the development of the factory. A. where B. whose C.