【优化方案】高考英语第二轮专题复习 专题十八 观点态度提分训练.doc

专题十八观点态度(2013高考新课标全国卷，c)it happened to me recently.i was telling someone how much i had enjoyed reading barack obamas dreams from my father and how it had changed my views of our president.a friend i was talking to agreed with me that it was，in his words，“a brilliantly (精彩地)written book”however，he then went on to talk about mr obama in a way which suggested he had no idea of his background at all.i sensed that i was talking to a book liar.and it seems that my friend is not the only one.approximately two thirds of people have lied about reading a book which they havent.in the world book days“report on guilty secrets”，dreams from my father is at number 9.the report lists ten books，and various authors，which people have lied about reading，and as im not one to lie too often (id hate to be caught out)，ill admit here and now that i havent read the entire top ten.but i am pleased to say that，unlike 42 percent of people，i have read the book at number one，george orwells 1984.i think its really brilliant.the world book day report also has some other interesting information in it.it says that many people lie about having read jane austen，charles dickens，fyodor dostoevsky (i havent read him，but havent lied about it either) and herman melville.asked why they lied，the most common reason was to“impress”someone they were speaking to.this could be tricky if the conversation became more indepth!but when asked which authors they actually enjoy，people named jk.rowling，john grisham，sophie kinsella (ah，the big sellers，in other words)fortytwo percent of people asked admitted they turned to the back of the book to read the end before finishing the story (ill come clean：i do this and am astonished that 58 percent said they had never done so)64how did the author find his friend a book liar?aby judging his manner of speaking.bby looking into his background.cby mentioning a famous name.dby discussing the book itself.65which of the following is a“guilty secret”according to the world book day report?acharles dickens is very low on the topten list.b42% of people pretended to have read 1984.cthe author admitted having read 9 books.ddreams from my father is hardly read.66by lying about reading，a person hopes to_.acontrol the conversationbappear knowledgeableclearn about the bookdmake more friends67what is the authors attitude to 58% of readers?afavorable. buncaringcdoubtful dfriendly【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。主题讲述了作者就奥巴马写的一本书同朋友进行交谈，发现朋友撒谎说看过这本书的故事，从而引出了本文要讨论的主题：很多人明明没有看过某一本书，但是仍然说看过，这样做是为了给人留下知识渊博的印象。64解析：选d。细节理解题。根据第一段中的however，he then went on to talk about mr obama in a way which suggested he had no idea of his background at all.可知，当作者和这位朋友继续交谈关于奥巴马的情况时，发现这位朋友对他的背景一点儿也不知道，表明这个朋友并没有真正看过这本书，他撒谎了。a项表示通过他的说话方式；b项表示通过调查他的背景，c项表示提到一个著名的名字，这些均与原文的信息不一致，故选d项。65解析：选b。细节理解题。根据第二段中的approximately two thirds of people have lied.in the world book days“report on guilty secrets”，dreams from my father is at number 9.和后面的.unlike 42 percent of people，i have read the book at number one.可知，guilty secret指的是人们撒谎说读过某本书这样的情况，故b项符合语境。作者并未承认看了9本书，而是dreams from my father这本书排名第9，故排除c项；a项表示查尔斯狄更斯在书单中排名比较低，无依据；d项中的hardly错误。而且这三项均与guilty secret不相关。66解析：选b。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的asked why they lied，the most common reason was to “impress”someone they were speaking to.可知，当人们被问到为什么撒谎的时候，最常见的理由是为了给与他们谈话的人留下印象，表现出知识渊博的样子。因此选b。67解析：选c。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的(ill come clean：i do this and am astonished that 58 percent said they had never done so)可知，作者坦承自己这样做过，并吃惊于58%的人说从来没这样做过，表明了作者对于这些人说法的怀疑。a项表示“赞成的”，b项表示“不关心的”，d项表示“友好的”，均与astonished意义不符。(2013高考福建卷，d)pride and prejudice for the modern womanlet us imagine how pride and prejudice，jane austens most famous work，might be updated，200 years on.austens popularity is rooted in her intelligence.but today she would certainly have had a very different life，as would her characters.heres my own suggestion.it is a truth finally and universally acknowledged that a single woman with brains deserves to have equal opportunities to men，however disadvantaged she may feel by sexism.“my dear husband，”said his hopeful wife one day，“have you heard that the local store，standing empty for so long，is taken over by a bright young businesswoman？”her dull and indifferent (漠不关心的) husband replied that he had not.“but it is，it is，”she replied excitedly.mr dullhusband made no reply.“dont you want to know her plans？”she cried with some impatience.“well，clearly you think it matters to your silly little head.so id better listen.”“well，my dear，the rumour (传言) is that she has already set up a string of successful businesses in northern england，though how_a_woman_can_know_anything_about_that_is_beyond_me.she will move in herself next month.”“what is her name？”“bingley.”“is she married or single？”“what a question! and none of your business.but her coming will be a fine thing for our five boys.”“how so? how can it possibly affect them? ”“my dear love：those lazy boys need something to wake them up.there are bound to be jobs going.”“is that her point in settling here? surely as a woman she has simply taken a fancy to the place.”“nonsense，my love，how little youve noticed the world has changed.shes got a firstrate degree and some sort of business qualification，im told.she surely needs one of our boys! perhaps you might give her a call.”“me? no.perhaps you can take an interest.you still have your looks，after all.she may even offer you a job.”“oh，thats not likely.these new chances belong to the younger generation.but now you mention it，i think ill go along all the same.”and mrs bennet went along.that was 10 years ago.she is now managing director of a ftselisted company.it would remain the case，of course，that mrs bennet would be one of very few women on the company board，that her salary would be lower than her male colleagues，her bonus of a more“female”dimension and her lifespan (年限) among the citys business leaders shorter than theirs.still，shed no doubt have enjoyed davosand might even have hobnobbed (攀谈) with influential figures.67which of the following is true according to the passage?aausten was born 200 years ago.bausten rewrote pride and prejudice.caustens success lies in her wisdom.daustens updated work gains popularity.68the underlined part in the passage suggests that mrs bennet _.ahad mixed feelings of admiration and surprise about bingleybfelt kind of worried and doubtful about bingleycwas extremely anxious to meet bingleydhad a great curiosity about bingley69in the eyes of mrs bennet，bingley surely needed one of their boys to _.aget married tobwork for herchelp her move indtake over her store70what does the writer intend to tell us?awomen with brains can also be as successful as men.bwomen have to pay a high price for success.ca judgment must be made free from prejudice.dsex discrimination still exists nowadays.【语篇解读】本文是关于英国著名女性小说家简奥斯汀的傲慢与偏见的一篇文章。号召读者通过对本文的研读，对当今社会上仍然存在的性别歧视观念加以纠正，从而鼓舞当代女性勇于和男性竞争以获得平等地位。67解析：选c。细节理解题。a项错误，因为文章中并没有提及奥斯汀的出生日期；b项“奥斯汀重写了傲慢与偏见”，很明显文章也没有提及；d项“奥斯汀的更新的著作受到人们的欢迎”，这种观点与文章不符。由第一段第一句“austens popularity is rooted in her intelligence.”可知奥斯汀的成功在于她的智慧(wisdom)，故c项正确。68解析：选a。推理判断题。由上文中的excitedly和cried不难推断贝内特夫人的感情既有羡慕又有吃惊的成分，所以a项符合文意；b项“对bingley感到担忧和怀疑”，与原文不符，因为上文的话题是贝内特夫人自己提出的，因而不会产生怀疑心理，如果说她丈夫怀疑还可以接受；c项“她急切想见到bingley”，与下文中的丈夫让她给bingley打电话，她却拒绝相矛盾，故排除c项；d项“对bingley很好奇”，不全面，实际上更多的是羡慕和吃惊。69解析：选b。细节理解题。根据文章中提到的“那些懒惰的男孩子需要一些东西唤醒自己”以及“there are bound to be jobs going.”可知bingley需要贝内特夫人的一个孩子为她工作，所以b项正确。根据上文中贝内特夫人的丈夫问及bingley的婚姻状况时，她告诉丈夫“不关你的事”可知a项错误；由“she will move in herself next month.”可知c项错误；d项“接管她的店铺”与原文矛盾，所以应排除。70解析：选d。主旨大意题。根据文章内容可以看出，作者写这篇文章的目的是号召人们消除性别歧视的观念，故d项正确。a项“智慧的女人同样可以像男人一样成功”，而文章只是对傲慢与偏见的内容进行引述，这不是全文要表达的主旨；b项“女人要成功必须付出巨大的代价”，文章没有提及；c项“对事物进行判断不应有偏见”，这只是文章主旨大意的一部分，太笼统。(2013高考辽宁卷，c)here is an astonishing and significant fact：mental work alone cant make us tired.it sounds absurd.but a few years ago，scientists tried to find out how long the human brain could labor without reaching a stage of fatigue (疲劳)to the amazement of these scientists，they discovered that blood passing through the brain，when it is active，shows no fatigue at all! if we took a drop of blood from a day laborer，we would find it full of fatigue toxins(毒素) and fatigue products.but if we took blood from the brain of an albert einstein，it would show no fatigue toxins at the end of the day.so far as the brain is concerned，it can work as well and swiftly at the end of eight or even twelve hours of effort as at the beginning.the brain is totally tireless.so what makes us tired?some scientists declare that most of our fatigue comes from our mental and emotional(情感的) attitudes.one of englands most outstanding scientists，j.a.hadfield，says，“the greater part of the fatigue from which we suffer is of mental origin.in fact，fatigue of purely physical origin is rare.”dr.brill，a famous american scientist，goes even further.he declares，“one hundred percent of the fatigue of a sitting worker in good health is due to emotional problems.”what kinds of emotions make sitting workers tired? joy? satisfaction? no! a feeling of being bored，anger，anxiety，tenseness，worry，a feeling of not being appreciatedthose are the emotions that tire sitting workers.hard work by itself seldom causes fatigue.we get tired because our emotions produce nervousness in the body.64what surprised the scientists a few years ago?afatigue toxins could hardly be found in a laborers blood.balbert einstein didnt feel worn out after a days work.cthe brain could work for many hours without fatigue.da mental workers blood was filled with fatigue toxins.65according to the author，which of the following can make sitting workers tired?achallenging mental work.bunpleasant emotions.cendless tasks.dphysical labor.66whats the authors attitude towards the scientists ideas?ahe agrees with them.bhe doubts them.che argues against them.dhe hesitates to accept them.67we can infer from the passage that in order to stay energetic，sitting workers need to _.ahave some good foodbenjoy their workcexercise regularlyddiscover fatigue toxins 【语篇解读】本文为说明文，属于科普类文章。研究发现，单纯的脑力劳动并不会令人感觉疲劳，而真正令人感觉疲劳的是心理和情感态度，如烦躁、气愤、焦虑、紧张、担心、不被欣赏等。这些情感都是令脑力劳动者感觉疲劳的因素。64解析：选c。细节理解题。根据第一段中“to the amazement of these scientists，they.no fatigue at all！”可知，令这些科学家们惊讶的是，大脑活跃时流经大脑的血液并没有表现出疲劳，故c项正确。a项与“if we took a drop of blood.and fatigue products.”意思表达相反，故排除；第一段最后一句指出在一天结束的时候，脑力劳动者的大脑血液中没有疲劳因素，这不是科学家们的惊讶之处，且与d项意思不一致，故排除b、d两项。65解析：选b。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知，使脑力劳动者疲劳的主要原因是情感问题，最后一段指出了是哪些情感，故b项正确。66解析：选a。推理判断题。本文主要介绍了科学家的研究成果，作者对此进行了进一步的分析、论证，对情感态度导致人疲劳的观点持肯定态度，并未对此进行质疑，故a项正确。67解析：选b。推理判断题。根据最后两段的叙述可知，心理和情感态度是导致脑力劳动者疲劳的主要原因，因而保持好的心理状态才会感觉精力充沛；b项意为“喜欢他们的工作”，符合文意，这就避免了导致疲劳的烦躁、气愤等情感。其余几项都与导致疲劳的因素无关，故排除。(2013高考江苏卷，d)mark twain has been called the inventor of the american novel.and he surely deserves additional praise：the man who popularized the clever literary attack on racism.i say clever because antislavery fiction had been the important part of the literature in the years before the civil war.h.b.stowes uncle toms cabin is only the most famous example.these early stories dealt directly with slavery.with minor exceptions，twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely.he drew his readers into the argument by drawing them into the story.again and again，in the postwar years，twain seemed forced to deal with the challenge of race.consider the most controversial，at least today，of twains novels，adventures of huckleberry finn.only a few books have been kicked off the shelves as often as huckleberry finn，twains most widely read tale.once upon a time，people hated the book because it struck them as rude.twain himself wrote that those who banned the book considered the novel“trash and suitable only for the slums(贫民窟)”more recently the book has been attacked because of the character jim，the escaped slave，and many occurrences of the word nigger.(the term nigger jim，for which the novel is often severely criticized，never appears in it.)but the attacks were and are sillyand miss the point.the novel is strongly antislavery.jims search through the slave states for the family from whom he has been forcibly parted is heroic.as jchadwick has pointed out，the character of jim was a first in american fictiona recognition that the slave had two personalities，“the voice of survival within a white slave culture and the voice of the individual：jim，the father and the man.” there is much more.twains mystery novel puddnhead wilson stood as a challenge to the racial beliefs of even many of the liberals of his day.written at a time when the accepted wisdom held negroes to be inferior (低等的) to whites，especially in intelligence，twains tale centered in part around two babies switched at birth.a slave gave birth to her masters baby and，for fear that the child should be sold south，switched him for the masters baby by his wife.the slaves lightskinned child was taken to be white and grew up with both the attitudes and the education of the slaveholding class.the masters wifes baby was taken for black and grew up with the attitudes and intonations of the slave.the point was difficult to miss：nurture (养育)，not nature，was the key to social status.the features of the black man that provided the stuff of prejudicemanner of speech，for examplewere，to twain，indicative of nothing other than the conditioning that slavery forced on its victims.twains racial tone was not perfect.one is left uneasy，for example，by the lengthy passage in his autobiography (自传) about how much he loved what were called“nigger shows”in his youthmostly with white men performing in blackfaceand his delight in getting his mother to laugh at them.yet there is no reason to think twain saw the shows as representing reality.his frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not.was twain a racist? asking the questioning the 21st century is as wise as asking the same of lincoln.if we read the words and attitudes of the past through the“wisdom”of the considered moral judgments of the present，we will find nothing but error.lincoln，who believed the black man the inferior of the white，fought and won a war to free him.and twain，raised in a slave state，briefly a soldier，and inventor of jim，may have done more to anger the nation over racial injustice and awaken its collective conscience than any other novelist in the past century.65how do twains novels on slavery differ from stowes?atwain was more willing to deal with racism.btwains attack on racism was much less open.ctwains themes seemed to agree with plots.dtwain was openly concerned with racism.66recent criticism of adventures of huckleberry finn arose partly from its_.atarget readers at the bottombantislavery attitudecrather impolite languagedfrequent use of“nigger”67what best proves twains antislavery stand according to the author?ajims search for his family was described in detail.bthe slaves voice was first heard in american novels.cjim grew up into a man and a father in the white culture.dtwain suspected that the slaves were less intelligent.68the story of two babies switched mainly indicates that_.aslaves were forced to give up their babies to their mastersbslaves babies could pick up slaveholders way of speakingcblackssocial position was shaped by how they were brought updblacks were born with certain features of prejudice69what does the underlined word “they” in paragraph 7 refer to?athe attacks.bslavery and prejudice.cwhite men.dthe shows.70what does the author mainly argue for?atwain had done more than his contemporary writers to attack racism.btwain was an admirable figure comparable to abraham lincoln.ctwains works had been banned on unreasonable grounds.dtwains works should be read from a historical point of view.【语篇解读】本篇为说明文，谈到马克吐温的小说是不是对奴隶制和(种族)偏见进行了抨击，以及它们受到了不同人士的批评的情况。65解析：选b。推理判断题。由第二段的.twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely.可知，马克吐温的小说表面上完全是谈其他事情，而实际上故事中植入了对奴隶制和(种族)偏见的抨击。其他早期小说用的是直接抨击方式(dealt directly with slavery)。因此b项说他的小说对种族歧视的抨击非常不明显是恰当的，由此排除c、d两项；由第三段第一句中的“forced”可知a项不对。66解析：选d。细节理解题。根据关键词adventures of huckleberry finn可定位到第三段。由more recently the book has been attacked because of.many occurences of the word nigger.可知答案为d项。a、c项都是以前人们对该书的评价；b项无依据。67解析：选c。细节理解题。由第四段的末句.the character of jim was a first in american fictiona recognition that the slave had two personalities.可知答案为c项。a、d项叙述与原文不符；b项未提及。68解析：选c。推理判断题。第五段讲到twains mystery novel.as a challenge to the racial beliefs.，而下一段的the point was difficult to miss：nurture(养育)，not nature，was the key to social status.是对a challenge to the racial beliefs 的进一步解释。故只有c项符合要求。其他各项都是对第五段的字面意思的理解。69解析：选d。词义猜测题。由画线词所在句的前一句可知，没有理由认为马克吐温把这些表演当作现实，后句紧接着解释到：马克吐温对奴隶制和偏见的不断抨击说明了他敏锐的意识它们不是现实。可见they就是指代the shows。70解析：选a。推理判断题。最后一段最后一句体现了作者的观点：and twain.may have done more to anger the nation over racial injustice.than any other novelist in the past century.故只有a项符合要求。(2013高考安徽卷，d)“people are ruder today because they are rushed and more time poor than ever before，”says patsy rowe，“ manners_have_fallen_off_the_radar(雷达)”due to our strong attraction to electronic equipment it is a wonder more people dont wake up each morning and greet the singing birds with a complaint(抱怨)about the noise.here are some examples of rudeness.some people prefer to do almost everything over the internet.to them，dealing with an actual human is like an evolutionary step b