新高二暑期英语讲义一.doc

我喜欢那种努力想完成自己所无法完成的事，为此用尽力气而倒下的人。-尼采新高二暑期讲义一目标：I了解高二英语学习全貌（高中英语所有重点集中下放的一年，高二年级结束之际英语学业水平考试） II高中英语第五册预习预授 III高考形式套题全接触 IV培养写作的好习惯 V学业水平考试练习Module 1综合技能测试.单项填空(每小题1分，共15分)从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。1It was _ your timely help that we finished the task on time.Athank toBthanks to Cthanks for Dthank for2All my classmates were _ my idea that we should go on an outing next week.Ain honor of Bin memory of Cin favor of Din case of3He was _ by the committee for failing to report the accident.Asettled Bcomplained Cinformed Dcriticized4The instructions on the bottle are really _. I cant understand them at all.Aencouraged Bvarious Cconfusing Dstandard5Modern Chinese magic _ good progress in the last decade, but still falls behind developed countries.Amade Bhad made Cmakes Dhas made6Many people have great difficulty _ any decision, which can be because they were blamed and criticized for choice they made as children.Ato make Bmake Cmaking Dmade7The engine of the ship suddenly failed and then came a big storm, which _ the helplessness of the crew at sea.Aresulted from Badded to Cturned out Dbrought about8_ other good students, in my opinion, Tom is _ student.AComparing with; a most satisfiedBCompared to; the most satisfiedCComparing to; the most satisfyingDCompared with; a more satisfying9In preparing scientific reports of laboratory experiments，a student should _ his findings in logical order and clear language.Afurnish Bpropose Craise Dpresent10Dont worry, Teddy. In this way youll be able to _ the technical skill, too.Adress up Bmake upCturn up Dpick up11Lets go to the seaside and enjoy fresh air, OK?_. Ill wait for you at the gate.AI dont get itBYou made a fuss of meCI get used to itDThats a good point12Have you ever seen two leaves that are exactly the same?Never. Leaves differ _ each other _ size and shape.Afrom; in Bin; in Cin; from Dfrom; from13Some environmentalists believe that the greenhouse effect could _ unexpected results in the next century.Aget around Blead to Cwear off Dget on14It is _ that even if we can save much energy, we can only delay the energy crisis.Asimilar Bsteady Cdistinctive Dobvious15They seem to be good friends although they have nothing _ common.Aon Bfor Cin Dwith学会分辨每一道题目隶属的考察知识点，及时总结，及时积累。英语是一个需要零敲碎击的学科。.完形填空(每小题1分，共20分)阅读下面短文，理解大意，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。The British Isles is made up of two large islands: One is called Ireland and the other _16_. Britain, or Great Britain, is the larger of these two islands, and it is _17_ into three parts：Scotland, Wales and England.The United Kingdom is that _18_ of the British Isles ruled over by the Queen. It is made up of Scotland, Wales and England, that is, the _19_ of Britain, and also about one sixth of Ireland, the Northern part. The _20_ of Ireland is selfgoverning. The _21_ name of the United Kingdom is _22_ “The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.”_23_ is larger and richer than Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, and has the largest _24_ of the United Kingdom, so people often use the _25_ “England” and “English” when they _26_ “Britain” and “British”. This sometimes makes the Scots and the Welsh a little _27_. The Scots in particular are very _28_ of their separate nationality. The Welsh too do not regard _29_ as English, and have a culture and even a _30_ of their own.Ireland became part of the United Kingdom in 1801, but for forty years the “Irish _31_ ”was the greatest headache of the United Kingdom. _32_， Ireland is divided into two：Northern Ireland still _33_ to the United Kingdom, and in 1922 the rest of Ireland _34_ to found an Irish Free State, later called Eire and now the Republic of Ireland.The Republic of Ireland does not regard itself as part of Britain, and is not now even a supporter of the Commonwealth of Nations (英联邦). Unlike the major Commonwealth countries it did not lift a finger to _35_ British in the Second World War and now wants the whole of Ireland to be a republic.本文从政治、历史、地理、文化几个方面详尽介绍了大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国的一些情况，突出介绍了英国与爱尔兰共和国之间的关系，使我们对这个国家有更详尽的了解。16.A.WaleBBritain CEngland DScotland17A.divided Bcut Cbroken Dseparated18A.piece Bisland Ccountry Dpart19A.south Bnorth Cpart Dwhole20A.smaller BlargerCrest Disland21A.correct BtrueCfull Dcomplete22A.also Btherefore Clikely Dperhaps23A.The UK BThe British IslesCGreat Britain DEngland24A.colleges BofficialsCcities Dpopulation25A.words BnamesCspellings Dpronunciations26A.call BforgetCspeak Dwrite27A.angry Bdifficult Ctired Dlonely28A.proud Bfond Cfull Dkind29A.it BWales Cthem Dthemselves30A.capital Blanguage Chistory Dprograms31A.Country BQuestionCDisease DRepublic32A.At last BSo CMeanwhile DAlso33A.returns BbelongsCgets Dspeaks34A.hoped BrefusedCbroke away Dused35A.feel Btouch Cfight Dhelp.阅读理解(每小题2分，共40分)阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项。ALanguage experts say that spoken English was almost the same in the American colonies and Britain two hundred years ago. Americans began to change the sound of their speech after the Revolutionary War in 1776. They wanted to make it different to separate themselves from the British in language, in the same way they separated themselves from the British government.Some American leaders proposed major changes in the language. Benjamin Franklin wanted a whole new system of spelling. His reforms were not accepted. But his ideas did influence others. One was Noah Webster.Webster wrote language books for schools. He believed the United States should have a system of its own language as well as government. Webster published a dictionary of the American language in 1828. It established rules for speaking and spelling the words used in American English.Webster wrote that all words should be said in the order of the letters that spell them. This is why Americans use the letters “er” to end many words instead of the British “re.” He spelled the word “center，” for example, “center，” instead of the British “centre.”Websters rule for saying every part of a word made American English easier for foreign settlers to learn. They learned to say “waistcoat，” for example, the way it is spelled instead of the British “weskit.”The different languages of many people who came to the United States also helped make American and British English different. Many of their foreign words and expressions became part of English as Americans speak them.Sometimes Americans and British people do not understand each other because of different word meanings. For example, the word “jumper” in Britain means a sweater. In the United States, it is a dress. The British word “brolly” is an “umbrella” in America. And the British call potato chips “crisps”. All of these differences led British writer George Bernard Shaw to joke that Britain and America are two countries separated by the same language!rica are two countries separated by the same language!36What does the underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refer to?ASeparating themselves from the British in language.BWritten English in America.CSpoken English in America.DSpoken English in Britain.37Why did American want their language to differ from British English?ABecause they found British English hard to speak.BBecause they found British English hard to spell.CBecause they wanted to have their own language and government.DBecause foreign settlers wanted them to change their language.38Why do Americans use the word “meter” instead of the word “metre”？ABecause Benjamin Franklin didnt like the word “metre”BBecause the word “meter”was absorbed from other languages.CBecause Webster thought the word should be said in order of the letters that are spelt.DBecause Webster thought American English should be made easier for foreign settlers to learn.39Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons why English began to change in America?AThe government leaders.BNoah Webster.CImmigration to America.DThe difficulty Americans had in understanding the British.BYou may know the English letters A, B and C, but do you know there are people called ABCs? You may like eating bananas, but do you know there is such a thing as “a banana person”？ How strange! Are these people from another earth? No. They are just Chinese people like you and me.ABC means Americaborn Chinese. An ABC is a Chinese, but was born in the US. Sometimes, people call an ABC“a banana person”. A banana is yellow outside and white inside. So, when a person is a banana, he or she is white insidethinking like a westerner and yellow outsidelooking like a Chinese.Do you know why? Usually, ABCs know little about China or the Chinese language. Some of them can not speak Chinese. Also, they are not interested in Chinese politics.But if ABCs cant speak Chinese, can we still call them Chinese people? Yes, of course. They are Chinese. They are overseas Chinese. These people may be citizens of another country like the US, Canada or Singapore, but they have Chinese blood. Their parents, grandparents or even greatgrandparents were from China. They all have black eyes and black hair.But they are not Chinese citizens. They are not people of the Peoples Republic of China. For example, we all know the famous scientist CN. Yang(杨振宁). He got the Nobel Prize for physics in 1957. Chinese people love him. But he is an American citizen.40“ABC” in the passage stands for _.A3 English letters Ba kind of bananaCChinese born in AmericaDAmericans born in China41Chinese in western countries are called “banana persons” because _.Atheir bodies are white inside but yellow outsideBthey think like westerners but look like ChineseCthey were born in China but go to study in AmericaDthey like to eat bananas42This passage mainly talks about _.Adifferent kinds of bananasBoverseas ChineseCthe Nobel PrizeDthe life story of CN. Yang两篇阅读过后，同学们要学着会分辨每一道题目的考察角度，它属于细节理解题？主旨大意题，还是词义猜测题？学会分门别类，用有效的方法解决专门的问题。CProverbs (谚语) are quite common in spoken English. We do not normally put them in a composition or letter. Sometimes it is helpful if you know what common proverbs mean. Here are a few examples：Once bitten, twice shy. If a dog bites me, I shall be twice as careful in future when I see it. This proverb is also used to apply to (运用) many things and not only to dogs. If you have been cheated at a shop, you will not go to the same shop again.A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. If I am a hunter, trying to catch birds, it is better to catch one bird than to see two birds in a bush but not be able to catch them. Thus this means that what you have already got is better than the chance of being able to get something bigger in future.Too many cooks spoil the broth (soup). When too many people do something together, they get in each others way and cannot do a good job.To pour oil on troubled waters is to try to calm things down. Oil is lighter than water. If a ship is in trouble at sea, another ship may come to help it. The second ship can send small boats to rescue people. However, it may first pour oil on the sea to make the sea less rough.“Dont be a dog in a manger(槽)”means “Dont be selfish.” In a stable (马房)，the manger is the place where the horses food is put. Sometimes a dog will sleep in the manger and bark when a horse comes to get its food. The dog does not want to eat the hay in the manger but it will not let the horse eat it.“He is sitting on the fence” means that somebody will not say whether he is in favour of a plan or against it. He is sitting on a fence between two opposing sides, perhaps waiting to see which side will win.“He who pays the piper calls the tune.” A piper is a musician. The man who employs or pays a musician can say what tunes the man will play. Thus this means that if a man provides the money for a plan, he can say how it will be carried out.“You cannot get blood out of a stone” means that you cannot get anything from a person who has not got any of the things you want. For example, you cannot get a million dollars from a poor man.43Peter had a bicycle which was much too small for him but he did not want to let his younger brother ride on it. His mother was angry and said to him：“_.”AYou cannot get blood out of a stoneBDont be a dog in a mangerCOnce bitten, twice shyDHe who pays the piper calls the tune.44Mr and Mrs Smith had a quarrel. Their friend, Mr Brown, went to talk to them. When he came back, he told his wife that he had been trying to help the Smiths by _.Apouring oil on troubled watersBgetting blood out of a stoneCbeing a dog in a mangerDnot to pour oil on waters45Mr Wang paid for a new school. Some people did not like the design of the school but they did not argue with Mr Wang because _.Ahe was sitting on the fenceBonce bitten, twice shyChe who pays the piper calls the tuneDa bird in the hand is worth two in the bush46Mrs Chen wanted to buy a new dress. Her husband suggested that she buy it from a shop near their home. Mrs Chen disagreed because she had been cheated by that shop. Then she said：“I wont go there again because _.”Aa bird in the hand is worth two in the bushBI am sitting on the fenceConce bitten, twice shyDtoo many cooks spoil the brothDEnglish as a Foreign LanguageWho taught you to speak English? Your parents, while you were a young child? Your teachers at school? Perhaps even the BBC as a grownup. Whoever it was, somehow you have developed an understanding of what is rapidly becoming a truly global language.It is now about 376 million people who speak English as their first language, and about the same number who have learnt it in addition to their mother tongue. It is said to be one billion people learning English now and about 80% of the information on the Internet is in English.Is this a good thing, or a bad thing? Should we celebrate the fact that more and more of us can communicate, using a common language, across countries and cultures (文化)？Or should we worry about the dangers of monoculturalism，a world in which we all speak the same language, eat the same food and listen to the same music?Does it matter if an increasing number of people speak the same language? On the contrary (相反), I would have thoughtalthough I have never accepted the argument that if only we all understood each other better, there would be fewer wars. Ask the people of India (when many of them speak at least some English) and Pakistan (the same situation with India).If we all speak English, will we then all start eating McDonalds burgers? Surely not. If English becomes more dominant (占主导地位的), will it kill other languages? I doubt it. When I travel in Africa or Asia, I am always surprised by how many people can related languages, as well as English and perhaps some French or German as well.When we discussed this on Talking Point a couple of years ago, we received a wonderfully poetic email from a listener in Ireland. “The English language is a beautiful language. Maybe its like a rose，” he said. “But who would ever want their garden just full of roses？” Well, I love roses, and I think they make a beautiful addition to any garden. But the way I see it just by planting a few roses, you dont necessarily need to pull out everything else. If more and more people want to plant English roses, thats fine by me.现在，说英语的国家和人越来越多了，英语正成为一种世界通用语言。这究竟是好还是坏呢？47By saying “Ask the people of India.and Pakistan” (in Paragraph 4), the author is trying to show that _.Aspeaking the same language doesnt necessarily bring peaceBwars can destroy the relationship between two countriesCEnglish doesnt kill other languagesDEnglish is widely used in the world48What does “garden” in the last paragraph stand for?ALanguage. BFamily.CThe world. DThe earth.49The author would probably agree that_.Aits very hard to plant many kinds of flowers in a gardenBits good for people from other countries to learn EnglishCmore and more people like to plant roses in their gardensDEnglish is easier to learn than other languages50This passage is mainly about _.Awhy English has become a global languageBhow many people in the world learn English as a foreign languageChow many people in the world learn English as a foreign languageDwhether we need to worry about English being a world languageESome English words are made up of the same part and have different beginnings and different endings, such as import, export, report and transport. All these words, you can see, have the same root “port”， which comes from the Latin word, meaning “to carry” or “to move” from one place to another. And according to the bit at the beginningwhich we call the prefix (前缀)the meaning changes. “Import”， “im”means“in”， so this word means “to carry in” or “ to bring into a country”； “export，” “ex”means “out of”， so this word means “to carry out of a country”；“re” means “back”， so this word “report” means “to tell somebody, to bring back information to somebody”； “transport”， “trans”means “to car