四六级词汇.doc

四六级词汇 常用生活英语词汇1. 农业：land,soil土壤arable land, tilled land耕地dry soil旱田fertile soil沃土,肥沃的土壤humus腐殖质irrigable land水浇地lean soil, poor soil贫瘠土壤wasteland, barren land荒地grass草grassland草地meadow草甸prairie大草原pasture land牧场to lie fallow休闲fallow休闲地stubble, stubble field亩茬地straw, hay稿杆rural population农村人口rural exodus农村迁徙land reform, agrarian reform土地改革mechanization of farming农业机械化mechanized farming机械化耕作farm农场cattle farm奶牛场ranch大农场,牧场hacienda庄园holding田产plot, parcel, lot地块cooperative farm合作农场collective farm集体农场country, countryside农村countryman农民,农夫countrywoman农民,农妇agronomist农学家latifundium, large landed estate大农场主farmer农户producer农业工人settle佃户landowner地主,土地拥有者absentee landlord外居地主smallholder, small farmer小农rancher牧场主tenant farmer, leaseholder土地租用人sharecropper佃农ploughman农夫,犁田者farm labourers农场工人,农业工人 (美):farm laborers)farm hand农场短工cattle farmer牧场工人cowherd, cowboy牛仔shepherd牧人fruit grower果农vinegrower葡萄栽植者vintager采葡萄者farming, husbandry农业animal husbandry, animal breeding畜牧业dairy farming乳品业,乳牛业horticulture园艺market gardening商品蔬菜种植业fruit growing果树栽培vinegrowing, viticulture葡萄栽培olive growing油橄榄栽培arboriculture树艺学silviculture造林学agricultural products, farm products农产品foodstuffs食品dairy produce, dairy products乳制品dairy industry乳品加工业crop year, farming year农事年season季节agricultural, commodities market农业市场livestock牲畜farmhouse农舍pasture牧场overalls稻草人haystacks大干草垛silo筒仓granary谷仓outbuildings附属建筑barn, shed棚granary, grain store粮仓chicken house鸡场windmill磨坊implement shed农具房grain silo谷粮仓hayloft干草棚stable畜栏litter褥草cowshed牛棚corral围栏dairy barn挤奶厂pigpen猪圈 (美):hog pen)sheep pen, fold羊圈rabbit hutch兔窝hen house, henroost鸡舍incubator, brooder孵卵室laying house产蛋室watering trough, drinking trough饮水器piglet猪仔boar公猪feeding trough, feed trough喂食器feeding rack, manger, crib饲槽greenhouse, glasshouse温室nursery苗圃seedbed苗床threshing floor打谷场manure heap, dung heap麦堆field田地corn field麦地furrow沟,渠ridge垅clod土块terrace梯田haystack, hayrick草垛shock禾捆堆sheaf禾捆plantation栽植cabbage patch圆白菜地tomato patch土豆地vineyard葡萄园kitchen garden菜园market garden商品菜园orchard果园farmhouse农舍pasture牧场overalls稻草人haystacks大干草垛silo筒仓granary谷仓outbuildings附属建筑barn, shed棚granary, grain store粮仓chicken house鸡场windmill磨坊implement shed农具房grain silo谷粮仓hayloft干草棚stable畜栏litter褥草cowshed牛棚corral围栏dairy barn挤奶厂pigpen猪圈 (美):hog pen)sheep pen, fold羊圈rabbit hutch兔窝hen house, henroost鸡舍incubator, brooder孵卵室laying house产蛋室watering trough, drinking trough饮水器piglet猪仔boar公猪feeding trough, feed trough喂食器feeding rack, manger, crib饲槽greenhouse, glasshouse温室nursery苗圃seedbed苗床threshing floor打谷场manure heap, dung heap麦堆field田地corn field麦地furrow沟,渠ridge垅clod土块terrace梯田haystack, hayrick草垛shock禾捆堆sheaf禾捆plantation栽植cabbage patch圆白菜地tomato patch土豆地vineyard葡萄园kitchen garden菜园market garden商品菜园orchard果园shovel铁锹spade铲hoe锄weeding hoe除草锄mechanical hoe动力锄rake搂草机fork叉子hayfork, pitchfork干草叉scythe大钐刀sickle镰刀flail连枷billhook, brushhook钩镰(field)roller滚压器plough犁 (美)low)ridging plough, ridger起垄犁weeding machine除草机weeder, weeding hook除草锄weeding fork除草叉disc harrow圆盘耙clod crusher碎土块机tractor拖拉机sprinkler喷水器,人工降雨器manure spreader撒肥机fertilizer distributor化肥撒肥机rotovator中耕机 (美):cultivator)planter种植机disk harrow圆盘耙cotton picker摘棉机potato harvester马铃薯收割机seeder, broadcaster播种机seed drill, drilling machine条播机mower割草机(power)mower动力割草机harvester, reaper收割机combine (harvester)联合收割机binder捆束机bale loader装草机harvesting machinery收割机械threshing machine, thresher脱粒机winnower, winnowing machine风选机sheafer束禾机grader, sorter分类机,分级机sieve细筛winepress葡萄榨汁机milking machine挤奶机churn搅乳器cereals, grain谷物coarse grain谷粒rye黑麦barley大麦oats燕麦millet粟,黍sorghum高粱bran麸,糠flour, meal粗磨谷粉wheat小麦maize玉米 (美):corn)maize cob玉米棒子 (美):corn cob)rice稻buckwheat荞麦tea茶coffee咖啡cocoa可可树coca古柯tobacco烟草hop蛇麻,啤酒花tuber crops块茎作物sugar beet糖用甜菜potato马铃薯sweet potato甘薯vegetables蔬菜carrot胡萝卜cassava, manioc木薯turnip芜菁yam山药,薯蓣pulses, leguminous plants豆类植物bean菜豆pea豌豆chick-pea鹰嘴豆lentil小扁豆soya bean大豆 (美):soybean)forage plants饲料食物fodder grain饲用谷物clover三叶草lucern, lucerne苜蓿 (美):alfalfa)textile plants纤维植物cotton棉,草棉flax亚麻hemp大麻American agave龙舌兰sisal剑麻,西沙尔麻kapok tree木棉树jute黄麻Manila hemp马尼拉麻raffia酒椰yucca丝兰oil plants油料植物sunflower向日葵groundnut, peanut落花生olive油橄榄olive tree油橄榄树sesame芝麻castor oil plant蓖麻rape seed油菜籽rubber tree橡胶树resin plant树脂植物mangrove红树fruits水果fruit tree果树grapevine葡萄藤grape葡萄turkey火鸡chicken鸡piglet猪仔sow母猪boar公猪sheep绵羊ram公羊ewe母羊lamb羊羔mutton羊肉colt雄马驹filly雌马驹horse马cow奶牛bull公牛calf水牛tomato番茄,西红柿asparagus芦笋cucumber黄瓜aubergine, eggplant茄子bean菜豆beet, beetroot甜菜pepper胡椒pimiento甜椒potato马铃薯carrot胡萝卜cauliflower菜花,花椰菜pumpkin西葫芦broad bean蚕豆cabbage圆白菜,卷心菜chilli辣椒garlic蒜chive葱fennel茴香cos lettuce莴苣marrow嫩葫芦melon香瓜,甜瓜mushroom, celery芹菜onion韭leek韭菜radish萝卜tarragon狭叶青蒿thyme百里香mushroom蘑菇artichoke洋蓟broccoli, brocoli硬花甘蓝Brussels sprouts芽甘蓝caper刺山柑,老鼠瓜cardoon刺菜蓟chervil雪维菜,细叶芹chick-pea鹰嘴豆chicory苣荬菜cress水田芥cumin, cummin孜然芹,枯茗dandelion蒲公英French bean法国菜豆gherkin嫩黄瓜horseradish辣根Jerusalem artichoke洋姜,鬼子姜kale无头甘蓝kohlrabi甘蓝laurel月桂lentil兵豆lettuce莴苣lupin羽扇豆 (美):lupine)parsley欧芹parsnip欧防风pea豌豆rhubarb大黄salsify婆罗门参sorrel掌叶大黄truffle块菌turnip芜菁watercress豆瓣菜2艺术：work作品work of art艺术作品masterpiece杰作plastic arts造型艺术graphic arts形象艺术Fine Arts美术art gallery画廊,美术馆salon沙龙exhibition展览collection收藏author作者style风格inspiration灵感,启发muse灵感purism修辞癖conceptism格言派,警名派Byzantine拜占庭式Romanesaue罗马式Gothic哥特式Baroque巴洛克式Rococo洛可可式classicism古典主义,古典风格neoclassicism新古典主义romanticism浪漫主义realism现实主义symbolism象征主义impressionism印象主义Art Nouveau新艺术主义expressionism表现主义Fauvism野兽派abstract art抽象派, 抽象主义Cubism立体派, 立体主义Dadaism达达主义surrealism超现实主义naturalism自然主义existentialism存在主义futurism未来主义classical literature古典文学contemporary literature现代文学popular literature大众文学light literature通俗文学folklore民间文学saga (river) novel长篇小说short novel, long short story中篇小说short story短篇小说love story爱情小说deterctive story侦破小说mystery story怪诞小说whodunit推理小说humorous story幽默小说historical novel历史小说essay随笔book of travels游记reportage报告文学criticism评论best seller畅销书anthology选集the complete works(of)全集edition, printing版masterpiece杰作copyright版权, 著作权deluxe binding精装flat stitching平装smyth sewed线装humanities人文学科writer作家book书volume卷theatre戏剧 (美):theater)drama话剧comedy喜剧tragedy悲剧farce滑稽剧play剧本the three unities三一律(一个情节,一个地点,一个时间)playwright编剧act幕scene场plot情节intrigue错综复杂的剧情story故事episode逸事ending, denouement结局poetry诗歌poet诗人poem诗epic poetry史诗epopee叙事诗ode颂歌sonnet十四行诗verse, stanza(诗)节line(诗)行rhyme韵脚,押韵metrics韵律学,格律学prose散文novel小说biography自传allegory寓言science fiction科幻,科学幻想小说satire讽刺诗essay杂文composition学术著作rhetoric修辞学oratory讲演术declamation朗诵技巧improvisation即席讲演criticism批判主义critic批评家wit才智,创作才能eloquence文才lyricism抒情性artist大师, 艺术家brush drawing毛笔画Chinese painting国画charcoal pencil炭笔pigment颜料painter画家cave painting, rupestrian painting石洞壁画oil painting油画painting in fresco壁画tempera painting胶画gouache树胶水彩画watercolour水彩画 (美):watercolor)pastel drawing蜡笔画wash水墨画sanguine红铅笔画miniature细密画engraving版画painting, drawing画drawing from nature写生画mechanical drawing机械画tracing临摹chiaroscuro单色画design描绘sketch草稿study习作triptych, triptich三联画portrait画像self-portrait自画像model模特caricature漫画nude裸体画profile轮廓foreshortened figure透视画法landscape风景画seascape海景画still life静物画tapestry壁毯perspective透视画colouring色彩 (美):coloring)shade阴影cubism立体主义,主体派abstract抽象派figurative造型的brush画笔stroke一笔finishing touch最后一笔easel画架,调色板palette画板palette knife调色刀spatula绘画抹刀,刮铲picture, painting图画frame画框chassis画布绷架canvas画布studio画室pinacotheca画廊,美术馆architect建设师plan设计图town planning城市规划 (美):city planning)Doric多利安式Ionic爱奥尼亚式Corinthian科林斯式Composite混合式Tuscan order托斯卡纳式Gothic哥特式flamboyant Gothic哥特式的火焰状饰Romanesque罗马式barroque巴洛克式plateresque带复杂花叶形装饰的rococo洛可可式building建筑物arch拱vault穹顶ogive葱形饰;尖形拱顶facade侧面frontispiece三角墙,山墙column柱pilaster壁柱,半露柱pediment山墙饰,山花fronton山墙3航天科技：launch a satellite发射卫星launch pad发射台multistage rocket多级火箭second stage第二级third stage第三级orbit轨道artificial satellite人造卫星Telstar通信卫星antenna天线solar cell太阳电池spacecraft航天器lunar module登月舱LM-maneuvering rockets登月舱机动火箭landing pad着陆架service module服务舱directional antenna定向天线nozzle of the main engine主发动机喷嘴lunar module登月舱ascent stage上升段descent stage下降段hatch舱口ladder扶梯command module指令舱service module服务舱astronaut航天员space suit航天服emergency oxygen apparatus应急供氧装置access flap接口盖life support system生命维持系统4汽车：first gear一档second gear二档reverse倒车档two-stroke engine二冲程发动机diesel柴油机limousine豪华轿车drophead活动车篷汽车 (美):convertible)racing car赛车saloon轿车 (美):sedan)roadster敞蓬车wecker, beat-up car, jalopy老爷车notchback客货两用车four-wheel drive四轮驱动front-wheel drive前轮驱动trailer拖车station wagon小旅行车truck卡车compact car小型汽车light-van小型货车garbage truck垃圾车automobile carrier货运卡车fire engine消防车tractor牵引车ambulance救护车taxi出租车, 计程车trailer truck拖车sports car跑车formula car方程式赛车, 方程式汽车mail car邮车jeep吉普车bloodmobile血浆车bumper car碰撞用汽车camper露营车police car警车wrecker清障车ambulance急救车front wheel前轮rear wheel后轮tread轮距chassis底盘bodywork, body车身rear window后窗玻璃windscreen挡风玻璃 (美):windshield)windscreen wiper风档刮水器,风档雨雪刷 (美):windshield wiper)fender, wing, mudguard挡泥板radiator grille水箱wing mirror后视镜bonnet发动机盖 (美):hood)boot行李箱 (美):trunk)roof rack, luggage rack行李架license plate, number plate车号牌wing前翼子板hubcap轮毂罩bumper保险杠front blinker前信号灯taillight, tail lamp尾灯backup light, reversing light倒车灯stoplight, stop lamp刹车灯rear blinker转弯指示灯trunk, boot行李箱bumper保险杠tailpipe排气管back seat, rear seat后座drivers seat, driving seat驾驶席passenger seat旅客席steering wheel, wheel方向盘rear-view mirror, driving mirror后视镜horn, hooter喇叭choke熄火装置gear stick, gear change变速杆 (美):gearshift)gearbox变速箱starter, self-starter起动器,起动钮brake pedal刹车踏板clutch pedal离合器踏板hand brake手制动器foot brake脚制动器dashboard仪表板milometer里程表speedometer, clock速度表transmission传动piston活塞radiator散热器fan belt风扇皮带shaft传动轴inner tube内胎drain tap排气阀门silencer消音器 (美):muffler)tank油箱overflow溢流孔valve阀门exhaust pipe排气管spare wheel备胎,备用轮胎carburettor汽化器 (美化:carburetor)electrical system, wiring电气系统lights灯光headlight大灯,头灯dipped headlight近光灯rear lights尾灯sidelights, parking lights位置灯,边灯direction indicator方向标,转向标indicator, blinker方向指示灯sparking plug火花塞 (美):spark plug)(spare) battery(备用)蓄电池insulating tape绝缘胶带jack千斤顶can, jerrican油桶fuel燃油petrol汽油 (美):gas)oil油料lubrication, oiling润滑油antifreeze防冻液cooling water冷却水antiskid防滑装置tyre chain防滑链 (美):tire chain)toolbox, tool kit工具箱crank摇把breakdown lorry, breakdown van救援车辆 (美):tow car,tow truck)spare parts, spares备件dipstick油尺oil change换油to vulcanize硫化to inflate充气tyre pressure轮胎气压 (美):tire pressure)to fill the tank加油petrol pump加油泵 (美):gasoline pump)pump, air pump气泵to adjust整修to charge a battery, to recharge a battery 给蓄电池充电to decoke脱硫 (美):to decarbonize)breakdown故障mechanical failure机械故障repair shop维修车间to seize up运转不畅accident事故puncture, blowout碰撞patch修补to skid打滑to knock发出撞击声to tow, to take in tow拖,拖曳accident insurance事故保险insurance against theft防盗保险fully comprehensive insurance全险third-party insurance第三方保险driving licence驾驶执照(美):drivers licensehighway code交通法规traffic sign, road sign交通标志to accelerate加速to brake制动,刹车to engage the clutch接上离合器to declutch分开离合器to stall发动机停转to change gear变速to start up起动to put ones foot down加速,踏下加速踏板 (美):to step on the gas)to overtake向前行驶to decelerate减速top speed最高速度speed limit速度限制to park停车car park停车场 (美)arking lot)to switch off the motor熄火motorway 高速公路 (美)：（freeway，superhighway）toll road收费公路 (美):turnpike)traffic jam路障Benz, Mercedes-Benz奔驰Cadillac卡迪拉克Chrysler克莱斯勒Chevroler雪佛莱Citroen雪铁龙Ford福特Honda本田Mazda马自达Mustang野马Porsche保时捷Renault雷诺Rolls-Royce罗尔斯罗伊斯Santana桑塔纳Toyota丰田Volvo沃尔沃, 富豪Volkswagen大众airliner班机5民用航空：monoplane单翼飞机glider滑翔机trainer aircraft教练机passenger plane客机propeller-driven aircraft螺旋桨飞机jet (aircraft)喷射飞机amphibian水陆两用飞机seaplane, hydroplane水上飞机turbofan jet涡轮风扇飞机turboprop涡轮螺旋桨飞机turbojet涡轮喷射飞机transport plane运输机helicopter直升机supersonic超音速hypersonic高超音速transonic跨音速subsonic亚音速Airbus空中客车Boeing波音Concord协和Ilyusin依柳辛McDonald-Douglas麦道Trident三叉戟Tupolev图波列夫hatch舱口aeroengine, air engine航空发动机navigation light航行灯fuselage, body机身nose机头wing机翼aileron副翼wing flap襟翼tail plane水平尾翼starboard wing右翼port wing左翼pilots cockpit驾驶舱parachute降落伞passenger cabin客舱propeller螺旋桨pressurized cabin密封舱undercarriage起落架undercarriage wheel起落架轮elevator升降舵radio navigation device无线电导航设备radio directive device无线电定向设备luggage compartment行李舱(fuel) tank油箱auxiliary (fuel) tank副油箱main (fuel) tank主油箱autopilot自动驾驶仪ground crew地勤人员airport航空港, 民航机场airfield, aerodrome, airdrome机场airport beacon机场灯标airport meteorological station机场气象站main airportbuilding, terminal building 机场主楼emergency landing runway, forced landing runway紧急着陆跑道taxiway滑行跑道runway跑道omnirange radio beacon全向式无线电航空信标fuel depot燃料库control tower塔台tarmac停机坪radio beacon无线电信标boarding check登机牌plane ticket飞机票flight, flying飞行bumpy flight不平稳的飞行smooth flight平稳的飞行ramp扶梯altitude, height高度air route, air line航线extra flight加班economy class, tourist class经济座non-stop flight连续飞行climbing, to gain height爬升circling盘旋forced landing迫降connecting flight衔接航班speed, velocity速度ceiling上升限度cruising speed巡航速度top speed最高速度first class头等night service夜航airsick晕机direct flight, straight flight直飞landing着陆to rock, to toss, to bump颠簸to taxi along滑行to lose height, to fly low降低to take off, take-off起飞to board a plane, get into a plane上飞机to get off a plane, alight from a plane下飞机to face the wind迎风6航海科技：dugout独木舟barge驳船kayak(爱斯基摩人的)木排outrigger桨叉架船rowing boat划艇(美):rowboat)gondola(意大利的)长平底船whale mother ship捕鲸母船hydrofoil水翼船catamarans双体船dredger挖泥船boat船brig, brigantine双桅船canoe小船,独木舟caravel快帆船cargo boat货船coaster近海贸易货船cod-fishing boat捕鳕鱼船whaler捕鲸船collier运煤船battleship战船shallop小型战船coastguard cutter, coastguard vessel 巡逻艇,缉私艇revenue cutter缉私船patrol boat巡逻艇minelayer布雷艇minesweeper扫雷艇torpedo boat鱼雷艇frigate轻护航舰gunboat炮舰submarine潜水艇destroyer驱逐舰corvette轻巡洋舰cruiser巡洋舰aircraft carrier航空母舰ferry, ferryboat渡船,渡轮fishing boat 渔船 freighter货船galleon大型帆船galley大划桨船hovercraft气垫船icebreaker破冰船launch艇lifeboat救生艇lighter驳船liner, ocean liner远洋班轮merchant ship, merchantman商船motorboat摩托艇outboard尾部装有马达的小艇paddle steamer, paddle boat明轮船passenger boat客船piragua, pirogue独木舟raft木筏rowing boat划艇sailing boat, sailing ship帆船schooner纵帆船ship船skiff小艇sloop单桅船steamer, steamship汽轮tanker油轮trawler拖网渔船tug, tugboat拖轮vessel船yacht游艇yawl船载小艇anchor锚ballast压舱物beam船辐(船的宽度)berth, bunk舱位berth, cabin, stateroom客舱bilge船腹,船底污水bow, prow船首bulwark舷墙draught marks吃水标 (美) limsoll mark)water line吃水线upper deck上甲板lower deck下甲板keelson内龙骨blade桨片oars桨, 橹stern船尾starboard右舷port左舷thwart划艇座板davit吊锚柱water bowline帆脚索bridge船桥bulls eye舷窗bulwark甲板上的船舷capstan起锚机cathead船首锚架compass罗盘conning tower指挥塔cutwater船首分水deck甲板engine room轮机舱figurehead破浪神,船首饰forecastle船首楼frame肋骨funnel烟囱galley厨房gangplank跳板gangway通道,跳板grapnel, grappling iron钩锚gun turret炮塔gunwale, gunnel船舷上缘hammock吊床hatchway舱口,升降口hawsehole, hawse锚链孔helm舵hold货舱hull船身keel龙骨lantern信号灯length长度logbook航海日志midship船中部midship frame中部肋骨oar桨oarlock, rowlock桨架orlop最下层甲板periscope潜望镜poop, stern船尾poop deck尾楼port舷gun port炮门port side左舷porthole舷窗powder magazine火药库quarterdeck后甲板rib肋骨rudder舵screw, propeller推进器,螺旋桨scuttle小舱口starboard右舷steerage统舱stem船首sternpost船尾骨storeroom储藏室tiller舵杆torpedo tube鱼雷发射管waterline水线,吃水线windlass, winch吊车,提物机aboard在船上to be adrift漂流to anchor, to ride at anchor抛锚,停泊anchorage停泊to call at a port停泊某港to moor, moorage碇泊to lie at anchor碇泊,抛着锚moorings系泊处roadstead抛锚处,碇泊处to cast anchor抛锚to drop anchor抛下锚riding lights停泊灯to bail, to bale汲水,戽水beacon浮标buoy浮筒floating dock浮堤jetty, breakwater, mole, pier防波堤