安徽省肥西县高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解摸底训练（2）.doc

肥西县（安徽省）2016高考英语阅读理解二轮摸底训练（2）阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (a、b、c和d) 中, 选出最佳选项。with the average temperature for january standing at 50 ，it is no wonder the russian village of oymyakon is the coldest permanently inhabited settlement in the world.known as the “pole of cold”，the coldest ever temperature recorded in oymyakon is 71.2 .this is the lowest recorded temperature for any permanently inhabited location on earth and the lowest temperature recorded in the northern hemisphere (北半球)ironically，oymyakon actually means “nonfreezing water” due to a nearby hot spring.most homes in oymyakon still burn coal and wood for heat and enjoy few modern conveniences.nothing grows there so people eat reindeer (驯鹿) meat and horsemeat.a single shop provides the towns bare necessities and the locals work as reindeerbreeders，hunters and icefisherman.there are few modern conveniences in the villagewith many buildings still having outdoor toiletsand most people still burn coal and wood for heat.when coal deliveries are irregular，the power station starts burning wood.if the power ceases，the town shuts down in about five hours，and the pipes freeze and crack.daily problems that come with living in oymyakon include pen ink freezing，glasses freezing to peoples faces and batteries losing power.locals are said to leave their cars running all day for fear of not being able to restart them.even if there was coverage for mobile phone reception，the phones themselves would not work in such conditions.another problem caused by the frozen temperatures is burying dead bodies，which can take anything up to three days.the earth must first have thawed (融解) sufficiently in order to dig it，so a bonfire is lit for a couple of hours.hot coals are then pushed to the side and a hole couple of inches deep is dug.the process is repeated for several days until the hole is deep enough to bury the coffin.travel companies offer tourists the opportunity to visit the village and sample life in the freezing conditions.1oymyakon gets its name because_.ait is extremely cold therebits water is nonfreezingcthere is a hot spring nearbydit is known as the “pole of cold”2from the passage we can infer that people in oymyakon_.aprefer meat to any other kind of foodbseldom have fresh vegetables and fruitsccan buy anything in the shopdmight row a boat to catch fish3why do the locals have their cars running all day?athey are afraid they cant get the car started.bthey want to keep warm in the car.cthey have abundant oil resources.dthey have little awareness of saving.4mobile phones would not work in oymyakon because_.athe batteries are of poor qualitybthere was no coverage for phone receptioncbatteries cant be charged in such conditionsdthe extreme coldness makes the batteries lose power5which of the following is the first step when burying a dead body?athe coffin must be put in place.ba bonfire has to be lit first.chot coals have to be pushed to the side.da hole couple of inches deep is dug.语篇解读俄罗斯的奥伊米亚康村庄一月份的平均气温达到零下50度，是全球最寒冷的永久居住点。1解析：考查细节理解。根据第二段的第一句话“ironically，oymyakon actually means nonfreezing water due to a nearby hot spring.”可知，它是因附近的一个温泉而得名。答案：c2解析：考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“nothing grows there so people eat reindeer (驯鹿) meat and horsemeat.”可推知，那里的人很少吃到新鲜的蔬菜和水果。答案：b3解析：考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“locals are said to leave their cars running all day for fear of not being able to restart them.”可知，他们这样做是因为他们害怕不能让车重新启动。答案：a4解析：考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“include pen ink freezing，glasses freezing to peoples faces and batteries losing power”和“ even if there was coverage for mobile phone reception，the phones themselves would not work in such conditions.”可知，手机在那儿不能用的原因是d项。答案：d5解析：考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“the earth must first have thawed (融解) sufficiently in order to dig it，so a bonfire is lit for a couple of hours.”可知，要先点燃篝火，把土地解冻。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c和d）中，选出最佳选项。(crime in computer) new and bizarre crimes have come into being with the advent of computer technology. organized crime to has been directly involved; the new technology offers it unlimited opportunities, such as data crimes, theft of services, property-related crimes, industrial sabotage, politically related sabotage, vandalism, crimes against the individual and financially related crimes theft of data, or data crime, has attracted the interest of organized criminal syndicates. this is usually the theft or copying of valuable computer grogram. an international market already exists for computerized data, and specialized fences are said to be playing a key role in this rapidly expanding criminal market. buyers for stolen programs may range from a firms competitors to foreign nations. a competitor sabotages a companys computer system to destroy or cripple the firms operational ability, thus neutralizing its competitive capability either in the private or the government sector. this computer sabotage may also be tied to an attempt by affluent investors to acquire the victim firm. with the growing reliance by firms on computers for their recordkeeping and daily operations, sabotage of their computers can result in internal havoc, after which the group interested in acquiring the firm can easily buy it at a substantially lower price. criminal groups could also resort to sabotage if the company is a competitor of a business owned or controlled by organized crime. politically motivated sabotage is on the increase; political extremist groups have sprouted on every continent. sophisticated computer technology arms these groups with awesome powers and opens technologically advanced nations to their attack. several attempts have already been made to destroy computer facility at an air force base. a university computer facility involved in national defence work suffered more than $2 million in damages as a result of a bombing. computer vulnerability has been amply documented. one congressional study concluded that neither government nor private computer systems are adequately protected against sabotage. organized criminal syndicates have shown their willingness to work with politically motivated groups. investigators have uncovered evidence of cooperation between criminal groups and foreign governments in narcotics. criminal groups have taken attempts in assassinating political leaders. computers are used in hospital life-support system, in laboratories, and in major surgery. criminals could easily turn these computers into tools of devastation. by sabotaging the computer of a life-support system, criminals could kill an individual as easily as they had used a gun. by manipulating a computer, they could guide awesome tools of terror against large urban centers. cities and nations could become hostages. homicide could take a now form. the computer may become the hit man of the twentieth century. the computer opens vast areas of crime to organized criminal groups, both national and international. it calls on them to pool their resources and increase their cooperative efforts, because many of these crimes are too complex for one group to handle, especially those requiting a vast network of fences. although criminals have adapted to computer technology, law enforcement has not. many still think in terms of traditional criminology.1. how many kinds of crimes are mentioned in the passage?a. 7. . 8. c. 9. d. 102. what is the purpose of a competitor to sabotage a companys computer?a. his purpose is to destroy or weaken the firms operational ability. his purpose is to weaken firms competitive capability and get it.c. his purpose is to buy the rivals company at a relatively low price.d. his purpose is to steal important data.3. which of the following can be labeled as a politically motivated sabotage of a computer system?a. sabotage of a university computer. sabotage of a hospital computer.c. sabotage of computer at a secret training base.d. sabotage of a factory computer.4. what does the author mean by “homicide could take a new form”?a. there is no need to use a gun in killing a person. criminals can kill whoever they want by a computer.c. the computer can replace any weapons.d. the function of a computer is just like a gun.vocabulary1. bizarre 奇怪的2. vandalism 破坏，故意破坏文化，艺术的行为3. cripple 使瘫痪，削弱4. fence 贼市，脏品买卖处5. neutralize 使成为无效6. affluent 富裕的7. recordkeeping 记录存贮8. havoc 浩劫，大破坏9. resort to 求助于，借助于10. motivate 作为的动机，激发11. extremist 过激分子，极端主义分子12. sprout 萌发迅速发展13. awesome 令人惊惧的，引起敬畏的14. vulnerability 易受攻击，脆弱15. devastation 劫持，破坏16. hospital life-support system 医院的生命维持系统17. hit man 职业凶手（杀手）18. pool 集中（资金）合办，入股19. criminology 犯罪学，刑事学难句译注1. organized crime to has been directly involved; the new technology offers it unlimited opportunities, such as data crimes, theft of services, property-related crimes, industrial sabotage, politically related sabotage, vandalism, crimes against the individual and financially related crimes结构简析 句子很长，都是简单句，中间有分号隔开，后面是举例。参考译文 有组织犯罪团伙也直接参与：计算机新技术较为犯罪提供了无限的机会，如数据信息犯罪，偷窃服务项目，跟财产有关的犯罪，工业破坏，跟政治有关的破坏，破坏文化艺术，对个人和财经方面的罪行等等。2. an international market already exists for computerized data, and specialized fences are said to be playing a key role in this rapidly expanding criminal market.结构简析 并列句，and 作对比连接词用。参考译文 一个计算机信息的国际市场已经存在，而专门从事脏品交易的市场据说在迅速扩展的犯罪市场中起着关键的作用。3. a competitor sabotages a companys computer system to destroy or cripple the firms operational ability, thus neutralizing its competitive capability either in the private or the government sector.结构简析 主谓宾补结构，后跟thus+从句表示结果。参考译文 竞争对手破坏一个公司的计算机系统为的是摧毁或削弱公司的操作运行能力，从而使其丧失在私人或政府部门中的竞争力。4. the computer opens vast areas of crime to organized criminal groups, both national and international. it calls on them to pool their resources and increase their cooperative efforts, because many of these crimes are too complex for one group to handle, especially those requiting a vast network of fences.结构简析 两句话。前一句为主谓宾，后一句为主从句，从句内采用tooto 句型，后跟分词独立结构进一步说明。参考译文 计算机为国内和国际有组织犯罪集团开辟了犯罪的广泛领域。它要求它们集中资源，提高通力协作力量，因为许多犯罪太复杂，一个集团难以驾驭，特别是那些需要巨大的脏品交易时常网络的罪行。写作方法与文章大意文章介绍“计算机犯罪”，采用分类写作手法，先列出种种计算机犯罪项，下面逐一说明。文本只选四种犯罪信息数据偷窃或信息（数据）犯罪，产业破坏，政治破坏，对个人生命破坏。分四段叙述，每段为一种罪行，最后是对比罪犯势力越来越有组织，势力请大，而司法部门却没有准备好。答案祥解1. b. 种，具体罪行。见难句译注。2. b. 他的目的是削弱公司竞争力进而得到它。答案见难句译注及第二段第二句起：“计算机破坏也可以和富裕的投资者欲得到对手的公司的企图相连。随着公司对计算机记录存储的信赖性加强，破坏他们的计算机可以造成内部大破坏。之后，对取得这个公司感性趣的集团很容易在级低价格上买进。”a. 削弱公司运转能力。c. 在相当低的价格上买进对手的公司。这两个选项都只是破坏目的的一个方面。d. 偷窃重要资料，文内没有讲。3. c 破坏秘密训练基础。这可以标以政治目的的破坏计算机。a. 大学b. 医院d. 工厂。这三个地方都难以和政治直接相连，第三段讲的大学是“参与国防保卫工作的大学计算机措施”，和一般大学不一样。只有秘密训练的基地和真正相连的可能性最大，所以选c.4. b. 犯罪可以通过计算机任意杀人。答案在第五段：“犯罪集团曾采取步骤暗杀政治领袖。医院的生命维护系统，实验室，大型外科手术中都用计算机。罪犯们很容易把这些计算机转变成破坏的工具。通过破坏生命维护系统计算机，罪犯们就像用枪一样很容易杀死人。通过控制计算机，他们可以指导这可怖的工具攻击大城市中心。城市和国家都可以成为人质。谋杀具有新的形式，计算机可能成为世纪的事业杀手。”a. 杀人不需要用枪。这话太笼统，不用枪，用什么。用毒药，用刀？c. 计算机可以取代任何武器。d. 计算机的功能就像枪，错误的。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (a、b、c和d) 中, 选出最佳选项。president george bush is heading to camp david for thanksgiving, thankful for his almost-expired privilege of serving as the president. president-elect barack obama is staying in chicago to have a whole bunch of people over to the house and squeeze in some christmas shopping. on a holiday designed for reflection(回忆), one man, historically unpopular, is heading to a remote mountaintop with his family. the other, promising change, is surrounding himself with dozens of people in a busy city. dressed casually in a leather jacket and black scarf on wednesday, obama handed out food to the needy at a chicago church with wife michelle and their two daughters, shaking hands and happily telling people you can call me barack. he followed that with a quick visit to a school next door, where he asked the excited kids, whos going to have turkey? whos going to have green beans? whos going to have sweet potato pie? obama has shown a knack(窍门) for symbolism, in this case following the thanksgiving tradition of helping the poor, said david greenberg, a rutgers university historian who is working on a history of political spin. here hes showing a different side of himself, the president as national conscience or moral authority. i think thats probably a good note for him to introduce in a transition period thats been so heavily focused on wall street and the financial system and these economic problems, he said. hes not forgetting who these economic problems are hurting the most. for bush, his final thanksgiving in office is proving a time for nostalgia. he always reflects a bit at thanksgiving, but he went further as he spared（放飞）the thanksgiving turkey, pumpkin, on wednesday. he gave thanks to troops and volunteers, to teachers and pastors, to all the american people. then he gave thanks for his wife and twin daughters two thanksgiving miracles who we were blessed with 27 years ago and that his mother, former first lady barbara bush, was doing well after being hospitalized. most of all, he said, i thank the american people for the tremendous privilege of serving as the president. this thanksgiving, obama used the opportunity for a relatively rare public event with his wife and children, sasha, 7, and malia, 10 and a chance for a little lesson for the kids. i want them to learn the importance of how fortunate they are and to make sure theyre giving back, he said of bringing the girls to the church. and whats he thankful for? i just want you to know what im thankful for is my family and my friends and my community, he told the schoolchildren. thats the most important thing. 1. the best title of the passage should be _a. thanksgiving for bush and obama b. thanksgiving dayc. how to celebrate thanksgiving day d. thanksgiving day for presidents答案解析：答案为a。本题考查文章的标题。全文报道了即将卸任的总统bush和新选举的总统obama各自在感恩节做的事情。故答案为a。2. the underlined word “squeeze” in paragraph 2 is closest to _a. force b. push c. join d. take答案解析：答案为c。本题为词义猜测题。结合下文的第三段 “on a holiday designed for reflection, one man, historically unpopular, is heading to a remote mountaintop with his family. the other, promising change, is surrounding himself with dozens of people in a busy city.”可知，“one man”指的是第一段提到的president george bush，他和家人一起要去遥远的山顶；“the other”指的是第二段提到的president-elect barack obama，他在繁忙的城市中，周围都是人。可以推断，第二段写的是新选举的总统obama加入了圣诞节的购物潮中，因此squeeze意思最接近 “join”，故答案为c。3. which of the following is not right according to the passge?a. bush is thought highly of by the people in the article.b. bushs daughters are 27 years old now.c. obama visited