必修一 Unit 4 Earthquakes单词,语言点,语法项目及练习.doc

必修一 Unit 4 EarthquakesWord usage1. shake 1)v. (shook, shaken) to (cause to) move up and down or from side to side with quick short movements. 2) n. C usually sing. an act of shakingThe house shook when the earthquake started.Shake the bottle before taking the medicine.He came forward and shook me by the hand. =He came forward and shook hands with me.He was shaking with anger.She answered “no” with a shake of the head.2. rise 1) vi. (rose, risen) to move from a lower to a higher level or position; go up 2) n. C (in) an increase in quantity, price, demand etc.The sun has not yet risen.The population of the city has risen to five million.He rose and left the room.There will be a rise in unemployment next year. Theres been a sharp rise in the cost of living.2. pond n. an area of still water smaller than a lake, especially one that has been artificially made Some cattle were drinking at the pond.There are some fish living in the pond.When an earthquake is coming, fish will jump out of ponds.3. burst 1) v. to (cause to ) break open or break apart suddenly and violently, usually as a result of pressure from within and often cause the contents to become widely scattered.2) n. an act of result of bursting; (of) a sudden short period of great activity, loud noise, strong feeling; outbreakThe balloon burst.After ten days of rain the river burst its banks.A burst of hand-clapping followed the ending of the song.4. canal n. an artificial stretch of water dug in the ground to allow ships or boats to travel along it, or to bring water to or remove water from an areaCoal used to be sent here by canal.Canals have been built to irrigate the desert.The Panama Canal joins two oceans.5. steam n. U 1) water in the state gas produced by boiling 2) power or effort produced by steam under pressure, and used for making things work or moveWho invented the steam engine? Steam was used to be the power of a train. There is steam bursting from that hole.6. ruin 1. n. a) U the cause or state of destruction and decay b) C a building that has been badly damaged or destroyed 2. vt. a) to spoil or completely destroy a person or thing b) to cause someone to loss all their moneyThe temple has fallen into ruin.We visited the ruins of the temple.The heavy rain ruined our holiday.The hurricane ruined all the houses here.The flood ruined the crops.If I lose my lawsuit(官司), the cost will ruin me.7. injure vt. to cause physical harm to (a person or animal), especially in an accident; hurt seriously; to damage I hope I didnt injure her feelings.His back was injured. Two people were killed and seven were injured. His reputation will be badly injured by the vicious rumour.8. destroy vt. to damage sth so severely that it can not be repaired; put an end to the existence of; ruin A fire destroyed the house.What he said destroyed our last hope.All hopes of peaceful settlement were destroyed by his speech.9. brick n. C,U 1) a hard piece of baked clay used for building 2) sth. in the shape of a brick They used yellow bricks to build the house. The tower is made of bricks. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves.10. useless adj. not of any useThis knife is so blunt. Its useless.I realized it was useless to reason with him.I was useless at maths. = My maths is very poor.11. shock 1) n. a) C, U a violent force from sth such as explosion, a crash or a hard blow b) C, U the feeling you get after sth unexpected and usually very unpleasant has suddenly happened, or you have received an unexpected piece of news c) the poor medical condition of someone who has an accident and whose heart and lungs are not working properly 2) v. to make someone feel very upset, angry, or unpleasant Earthquake shocks are often felt in Japan.The news of his death was a shock to us.The traffic accident sent him into a state of shock.They were shocked by her rudeness. We were shocked by his sudden death.12. rescue v. to save someone or sth from harm or dangerHe rescued three children from the burning building.The life boat was sent out to rescue the sailors from the sinking ship.The boy was rescued after hours at sea.13. disaster n. C,U a sudden event causes great loss or harm We were all shocked by the disaster. The earthquake is one of the worst natural disasters the country has ever suffered. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.14. organize v. to plan and arrange an event; to arrange things in a sensible order Well organize an oral English contest. The story is very well organized.They organized the truckers into a union.15. shelter 1) n. a) U protection, especially from bad weather or danger b) a building that protects you from weather or danger.2) vt. to protect someone or sth from bad weather or danger; vi. to stay in a place in order to be protected from bad weather or dangerThe umbrella is a poor shelter from heavy rain.Their immediate need is for food, clothing and shelter. The wall sheltered us from the wind.She was accused of sheltering a murderer. She wad sheltered by the USA. In the rain people were sheltering in the doorways of shops.16. fresh adj. 1) new and different (only before a noun ); 2) recently picked, caught, produced and therefore in good condition (used of food); 3) clean, cool and pleasant They buy fresh meat.This kind of fish lives in fresh water.She is fresh from university.She is quite fresh to office work.17. percent n. parts for each 100 The bank has increased its interest rate by one percent. Over ninety percent of the islanders here are illiterate.He spends a large percent of his income on food and drink.18. speech n. 1) C a formal talk to a group of listeners 2) U the ability to speak or the act of speaking 3) U way of speakingThe chairman made an opening speech. She is researching speech development in children.We express our thoughts by speech.By your speech I can tell youre from Hong Kong.19. judge 1) vi. & vt. to decide who or what is the winner in a competition 2) vt. + that to form or give an opinion about someone or sth after careful thought judging from, judging by 3) n. a public official who has the power to decide questions brought before a court of law; a person who has the knowledge and experience to give an opinion about the value of sthYou cant judge a book by its cover.He is going to judge the first race.We must judge whether he is guilty.The prisoner was taken before the judge.He was one of the judges at the horse race.20. honour 1) n. a) U great respect and admiration b) sing sth that brings great respect and pride 2) v. to show respect to sb. or to praise sb. publiclyWe fight for the honor of our country.He is an honor to our school.Children should be taught to show honor to their elders.He honors his teachers.20. prepare 1) vt. to make sth. ready for a future event or action 2) vi. to get ready to do sth.They prepared themselves for the worst.When we arrived home, mother had already prepared dinner for us.I was preparing for bed when I heard a knock at the door.Useful expressions1. right away at once ; in no time; immediately I will return the book right away.I am getting in touch with him right away.We are about to start right away.2. end1) at an endfinish; over It seems that the world was at en end. 2) bring to an end put an end to I wonder how I can bring the dispute to an end.I wonder how I can put an end to the dispute. 3) come to an end The meeting came to an end at midnight. 4) at the end ofAt the end of the road there is a shop. 5) by the end of How many English words have you learned by the end of last term? 6) in the end =at last; finally He will be a scientist in the end.3. dig out 1) to get sth out of a place, using a spade or your hands2) to find sth you have not seen for a long time, or that is not easy to findLets dig out the roots.Why did you dig out all those old magazines?We must dig the truth out of him.4. a (good great large) number of+ n.(pl.) many; a large quantity of; a lot ofA good number of students are not interested in modern art.Ive seen the film a number of times. The Great Wall attracts a great number of foreign tourists every day. the number of The number of private colleges has increased. = Private colleges have increased in number. .give out 1) to give sth to a number of different people, especially to give information to people 2) to produce light, heat, a sound, a gas, smell etc You have no right to give my telephone number out. Students were giving out leaflets(传单)to everyone on the street. The teacher gave out the examination papers. The radiator (散热器) is giving out a lot of heat. 与give有关的常用短语还有： give away 送掉，捐赠give in 让步，屈服give off 发出（气味、光、热、声音等），此时相当于give out give up放弃give back 归还.thousands of 基数词s，并不表示确切的具体数字，可以单独使用，也可以先接介词of再接复数名词。There are thousands of people in the park on May Day. Thousands of people died of hunger. Mr. Smith gave thousands of books to the school.注意：tens of thousands of 数以百万计的 hundreds of hundreds of成百上千的 hundreds of thousands of 数十万的 millions of 数百万的一、单词拼写1. Older students were having difficulty in studying and o_ themselves.2. That place is dirty and s_. 3. In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and b_.4. People began to wonder how long the d_ would last.5. F_ water was taken to the city by train, truck and plane.6. Everywhere they looked nearly everything was d_.7. The railway tracks were now u_ pieces of steel.8. Without _ (电)，modern life would be very difficult.9. _ (判断)from his appearance, the manger must be over fifty.10. Dead and _ (受伤的)people lay everywhere after the terrible accident.二、单项选择1The houses across the street are _ , but they were in good condition a few years ago. A. in rows B. in ruins C. in number D. in detail2. The boy was so careful that he _ the street and broke his leg. A. fell down B. fell over C. fell off D. fell onto3. He was a warm-hearted and hard working man, and_ by his classmates. A. high thought of B. highly thought of C. badly thought of D. was well thought4. -They used to be good friends, but now they are like strangers. -How _ this _ ? A. does; come about B. did; come about C. were; taken place D. were happened5. _ will be built here next year. A. A great deal B. A large amount of C. A large number of D. The number of6. After living in Paris for 50 years, he returned to the small town _ he grow up as a child. A. which B. that C. when D. where7. Do you remember the place _ we visited last year? A. that B. where C. when D. in which8. I dont like _ you speak to her. A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which9. _ the machine begins to work, you cant stop it _. A. While; soon B. For; right away C. Once; at once D. Until; immediately10. In the country sales of fruits and vegetables_ 38% in the last 3 years. A. have risen by B. have raised to C. has lifted on D. has got into三、短语翻译1 立刻，马上_2 结束，终结_3. 以为自豪_4. 许多，大量的_5. 分发，发出（气味，热等）_Unit 4一、1. organizing 2. smelly 3. burst 4. disaster 5. Fresh 6. destroyed7. useless 8. electricity 9. Judging 10. injured二、1-5 CCBBC 6-10 DAACA 三、1 right away 2. at an end 3. be proud of 4. a (large) number of 5. give out专题语法-定语从句 在复合句中修饰_词或_词的从句称为定语从句，被定语从句修饰的名词或代词成为_词。定语从句一般位于先行词之_。引导定语从句的有关系_或关系_，关系代词有：_, _, who(whom), _和as；关系副词有：_, _, why。关系代词或关系副词起着两种作：一方面引导定语从句起着类似_词的作用，另一方面在从句中充当一定的语法成分。关系代词在定语从句中作_语、_语或定语；关系副词在定语从句中作_语。关系代词which用来指物，在从句中可作主语或宾语。1.This is a book which tells about space rocket technology. 这是一本关于宇宙火箭技术的书。（作主语）2.A plane is a machine which can fly. 飞机是一种能够飞行的机器。（作主语）3.The letter which I received yesterday was from my brother. 昨天我收到的信是我哥哥寄来的。（作宾语）4.The book which they sent me is very good. 他们寄给我的书非常好。（作宾语）5.He lives in the house which is opposite ours. 他住在我们对面的那栋房子里。（作主语）6.The dog was lost has been found. 丢失的那条狗找到了。（作主语）7.This is the pan which I boiled milk in. 这是我煮牛奶的锅。（作介词的宾语）8.The hotel which I stayed in last month is over there. 上月我住的那家旅馆就在那。（作介词的宾语）注：在上述例句中，例句1256中的关系代词which作主语，例句3478中的which作宾语， 其中例句78中which作介词的宾语。当关系代词作宾语时可省略，如例句34可以分别写成：The letter I received yesterday was from my brother.The book they sent me is very good. 而例句78中的关系代词也可省略，分别写成：This is the pan I boiled milk in.The hotel I stayed in last month is over there. 也可以将介词放在关系代词之前，可写成：This is the pan in which I boiled milk .The hotel in which I stayed last month is over there注：但如果定语从句中的谓语动词是：动词+介词的固定搭配，则不能把介词与动词拆开放到关系代词之前。如：1.This is the maganize which you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那本杂志。我们不能说：This is the maganize for which you are looking. 但可以把which省去：This is the maganize you are looking for.2.The dog which Aunt Li takes care of is lost. 李阿姨照看的那条狗丢失了。我们也不能说：The dog of which Aunt Li takes care is lost.但可以把which省去：The dog Aunt Li takes care of is lost.关系代词that既可指物，也可指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。1.She is the girl that you saw in school. 她就是你在学校见到的那个女孩。（作宾语）2.They live in a house that was built 200 years ago. 他们住在一座两百年前盖的房子里。（作主语）3.Here is the car that I told you about. 这就是我跟你谈到的那辆车。（作介词的宾语）4.Who is the man that shook hands with you just now? 刚才跟你握手的那个人是谁？（作主语）注：that在句中作宾语时可省略，需要注意的是that作介词的宾语时，介词不能放到that之前，若要将介词提前，必须将that改成which或whom。1.Here is the car about which I told you .2.Is he the man with whom you shook hands just now? 他就是那个你刚才与之握手的人吗？特殊情况：下列情况中关系代词只能用that：序数词（包括the last）或形容词最高级修饰先行词时。1.Alice is the most diligent student that I have ever known. 爱丽思是我所认识的最勤奋的学生。2.The first English novel that I read was A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens. 我读的第一本英文小说是狄更斯的双城记。3.This is the last bus that we can take. 这是我们所能乘的最后一班公共汽车了。先行词被the only, the very所修饰时。1.Thats the very point that we should pay attention to. 那是我们应该注意的要点。2.She is the only person that the old woman can depend on. 她是这位老太太唯一能够依靠的人。3.That white flower is the only one that I really like. 只有那株白花是我真正喜欢的。先行词是不定代词时（any, all, little, everything, nothing, something, anything, nobody, everybody等）。1.Is there anything that I van do for you? 我能帮你做点什么吗？2.There was little that he needed. 他几乎不需要什么。3.Everything that we saw at the exhibition interested us. 在展览会上看到的每一样东西都令我们感兴趣。4.Mr Brown has told us something that we should do in the summer vacation. 布郎先生已把暑假里我们应该做的事告诉了我们。5.All that(What) we have to do is to supply them with enough food. 我们要做的事情就是为他们提供足够的食物。先行词中既有人又有物时。1.Then we talked about the things and persons that we remembered at school. 然后我们谈起了所记得的上学时候的人和事。2.The speaker mentioned some writers and books that were unknown to us. 演讲人提到一些我们不知道的作家和书。3.Look at the boy and the dog that are crossing the street. 瞧正在过马路的那个男孩和那只狗。关系代词who, whom指代人，在句中作主语或宾语。1.Here comes the girl who wants to see you. 想见你的那个女孩来了。（who作主语）2.Jim began to talk to a girl who sat next to him. 吉姆开始和坐在他身旁的女孩讲话。（who作主语）3.I wanted to find someone with whom I could discuss music. 我想找一个能和我谈音乐的人。（whom作宾语)注：在口语中whom可用who代替，也可以省略，但如果介词放在whom之前时，who不能代替whom，也不能省略。1.This is the man I gave it to. 我就是拿给这个人的。2.The man you were talking to is Toms father. 刚才和你谈话的是汤姆的父亲。3.This is the man to whom I wrote. 我写信就是写给这个人的。4.The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin. 和我谈话的那女孩是我表妹。whose表示“某人的”或“某物的”，是所有格作定语，后面必须带名词，且不能省略。1.Id like a room whose window looks out onto the sea. 我想要一间窗户面向大海的房间。2.Please pass me the dictionary whose cover is black. 请把那本黑色封面的词典递给我。3.The doctor whose name was Johnson lived in a small town in the north of England. 那位名叫约翰逊的医生住在英国北部的一个小镇上。注：whose表示所属关系，可以用of which替代。1.I live in the house whose windows face south. 我住在窗子朝南的那栋房子里。例句可以这样表述： I live in the house the windows of which face south.2.I have seen trees whose leaves open at sunrise and close at sunset. 我看到一些树，它们的叶子日出时张开，日落时闭拢。或：I have seen trees the leaves of which open at sunrise and close at sunset.3.In this area there are some farms whose soil is very fertile. 在这个地区有一些土壤很肥沃的农场。或：In this area there are some farms the soil of which is very fertile.关系副词引导的定语从句 如果先行词代表的是时间、地点、原因时，定语从句就要用关系副词引导，关系副词有：when, where和why，分别代表时间、地点和原因，在定语从句中作状语。当先行词代表时间时，定语从句由when引导。1.I still remember the days when we got together in Beijing. 我仍然记得我们在北京聚会的那些日子。2.There are moments when I forgot all about it. 有时我把这完全忘了。3.At the time when I saw him, he was well. 我看到他时他挺好的。4.1995 was the year when his son was born. 一九九五年是他儿子的出生年。5.She came on the day when I was not at home. 她来的那天我不在家。6.October here is a month when the weather is cool. 这里的十月份是个天气凉爽的月份。当先行词表示地点时，定语从句可由where引导。1.She has gone home where she will stay for a week. 她已经回家了，要在家呆一个星期。2.He went to the ex