翻译技巧补充.doc

Chapter three EC 翻译技巧例句补充一、Amplification and Omission:1. grammatical1） 单复数问题 马： Horses, 月出惊山鸟2） 主语的增词：I. 要提倡顾全大局：We advocate the spirit of taking the whole situation in consideration.II. 人民犯了法也要受处罚，蹲班房。：Anyone among people who 3） 外位结构：这4） 指称明确：I. 西伯牺牲了。她是一名记者，却是以一个战士的身份在战场上牺牲的；她是一个欧洲人，却是在中国的抗日战场上牺牲的。：Shippe died. She was a journalist who shed her blood as a solider and an European who died in the battlefield in China.II. ：2. contextual/collocational1） 为了增进理解和友谊， 我们鼓励两国年轻人互访： In order to promote mutual understanding and friendship, we encourage young people in both countries to visit each other.2） 由于我国市场体系的原因，-：Owing to the incompleteness of our countrys system.3） 正式的学校教育： formal education4） 家用电子产品： household electronics5） 道德：moral integrity6） 两国人民友谊和合作的动人事迹还历历在目。：I remember so well so many touching stories about the profound friendship and good cooperation between the two peoples.7） 中国有一句古诗：“结交一言重，相期千里至”。I can quote one fitting ancient Chinese poem to describe our meeting: “Good friends highly value their words. They travel a thousand li to keep their promise for a gathering.8） 我们（希望美方）应当采取有利于台海局势和平与稳定的实际行动。We hope that the US side would take practical measures that is conductive to the maintenance of peace and stability for Taiwan Strait.9） 破坏国家和平统一：undermine the prospects for peaceful reunification10） 不能在元旦责骂女佣：Even the humblest maid have the right not to be scolded on New Years Eve.11） 他们希望明年年底以前控制住物价：to curb the rise of price12） 董事会要开会对公司进行评估：The board of directors is to meet to evaluate the performance of the company.3. cultural1) 一旦彼此见了礼, 归坐献茶： after an exchange of bows and verbal salutations2) 贫下中农：impoverished peasants and lower-middle-income peasants3) an untenable redemptive theology: 这种让人没法拥护的供奉上帝来赎罪的观念4) 他跟着父亲从徐州到扬州奔丧：5) 党老爷：You are a party man-one of the eliteAssignment Armchair Warrior (3)二、话题语的转换：1. 他们违反了赫尔辛基条约，在本国侵犯基本人权，使他们受到了全世界爱好和平的人的谴责。Their abuse of basic human rights in violation of Helsinki Agreement earned the condemnation of the peace-loving people in the world.2. 我们听不到一点声音： Not a sound reach our ear.3. 她非常兴奋：Excitement overwhelmed him.4. 脚踏在厚地毯上没有发出声音： The carpet killed the sound of the steps.Inanimate subject + animate predicate5. The value of any commodity, -is equal to the quantity of labour which it enables him to purchase or command. : 任何一种商品，它的价值等于这个商品能够买到或支配到的劳动量。6. 恕我孤陋寡闻，对此一无所知。My total ignorance of the connection must plead my apology.7. 小梅心地善良，性情温和，对她朋友这种没有心肝的行为，实在看不顺眼：Xiaomeis kindly and gentle nature could not but revolt at her friends callous behaviour.1) 从目前全球经济发展看，一些重要的特点和趋势值得我们高度重视。Some important features and trends in world economic development merit our close attention.2) 中国从自己的发展实践中深刻认识到：每个国家的发展都是一个持续的过程Our own experience with development tells us that every country must go through an evolving process that today3) 因此，可以说，人类的发展既面临难得机遇，也面临严峻挑战。In a word, mankind is faced with both grave challenges and rare opportunities for development.4) 发展是解决发展中国家各种问题的根本之策，也是解决全球各种问题的基础条件。In development lies the fundamental solution to all kinds of problems in the developing countries and a basic condition for solving many problems in the world at large.5) 这是实现合作共赢的必然要求，也是实现可持续发展的必然要求。Without this, there can be neither win-win cooperation nor sustainable development.6) 应在平等的基础上推进南北对话，同时广泛开展南南合作，While North-South dialogue should be strengthened on an equal footing, South-South cooperation should be carried out on a broader scale7) 促进发展中成员的发展，应该成为亚太经合组织的一项重要任务。As far as APEC is concerned, we should take it as a key task of the organization to promote the development of the developing members.三、正反法：1. 语言习惯.无法表达1. excuse me, after you, please hang on2. Human is fallible：都不是完美无缺3. intact: 均未遭到破坏4. 没有什么进步：progress stands still5. 听说你是第一次到中国来，我对你和你的同事们表示热烈欢迎。I know this is your first time in China, so let me start by extending my warmest welcome to you and your colleagues.6. 您先走：7. 他们不顾严寒、饥饿和待遇菲薄的恶劣条件，当别的建筑队都撤下来的时候，只有中国这支建筑队坚持到底。The Chinese workers defied starvation and cold and worked for very meager income. Many other workers could not endure the harsh conditions. Only the Chinese workers stuck it our to the very end.8. 美国几年间大约损失了500多架飞机，美中两国飞行员牺牲了大约1500多万。9. 中国坚持一个中国的立场是坚定不移的，是不容挑战的：Chinese government on upholding the one-china principle is rock firm and defies all challenges.10. we may safely say so.In those years more than 500 planes crashed, claiming the lives of more than 1500 Chinese and American pilots. 四、 主语和谓语：Subject: 汉： 人称，泛称，隐称 英；impersonal inanimate, static, abstractPredicate: 汉：动词优势英：名词结构、灵动性、被动相应翻译策略：conversion1. 汉语的动词优势大量转换成名词、形容词、介词、副词结构。1) 合作得很好The teacher thanked her pupils because they are very cooperative. Adj.2) The newspaper was down at six yesterday adv.3) Because: due to the fact that Prep.4) All peace-loving people demand the complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons. n.5) Roofs require special consideration to ensure adequate durability in relation to the exposure to the sun and rain. n. 2. 谓语表达上的被动1) Fords first pledge was:” Mr. President, you have my support and my loyalty.” 福特一开始就保证说：“总统先生，我支持您并效忠于您。”2) Apart from the fact that I should lay myself open to the objection that these are the dreams of neuropaths, so that the conclusions drawn from them would not apply to the dreams of healthy persons, there is another reason that impels me to reject them. 一般人可能认为3) And when he has appeared-what wouldst thou have of him?等他来了，你想向他打听什么?4) 你们要知道：I would have you know3. 注意谓语表达上的灵动性，多借用修辞；1) personification: 旗子上写着：The banner saysParis hears Chinas women speak.2) Metaphor: Last minite U.S. request clouds talks, delays deal.3) Onomatopoeia: The sea rumbled and hissed 4) God caused a deep sleep to fall upon Adam.五、 副词的使用1. 据报道The fake milk reportedly caused the deaths of 13 infants with the province.2. 很有理由The Chinese seemed justifiably proud of their economic achievements3. 顺便说一下：Incidentally, I hope to get better medical treatment in these countries than I can possibly get here in the U.S.4. they, not surprisingly, didnt respond at all.5. Russian, economically, politically and culturally far backward at that time.六、 形容词短语可译成专有名词以求简洁明晰1. Hope, in truth, rests with me thus far alone; I can await the man summoned from the pastures.我只有这一点希望，只好等待那牧人2. Yet have hope, until at last thou hast gained full knowledge from him who saw the deed 但是在你还没向那证人打听清楚之前，不要失望。3. Then would not he speak aright of Oedipus, who judged these things sen