外文翻译--汽车转向器

附 录 Hyundai Motor on the stcering control of the request is lightweight,safe,reliable,and should have sufficient life. In order to meet these requirements,the design of the steering gear should have a reasonable transmission ratio characteristics,the correct gap cating together,a higher transmission efficiency,sufficient rigidiy and strength.If the steering gear in the design is reasonable,then the product is good and bad parts of the key issucs of manufacturing and assembly.How to control the quality of the product?The key problem is that a reasonable detection methods,the key to strictly control the passing rate of time,such products will be able to guarantee the quality of parts and components.First of all,the quality of shifting ASSY,should control the assenmbly and to ensure that turning the steering shaft torque and rotational axis and the transmission gap between components.Followed by testing the performance of steering gear,steering gear must also be adopted by all types of test-bed to verify the established angle transmission ratio,transmission efficiency,rotational torque,rigid.In addition to examination other than the above-mentioned steering performance,but also in the pilot stage of its life nuclear reliability and life expectancy that is static torsion test:a thin red hammer,hit test,fatigue life test.To determine whether the quality of the product in hand national standards.Noise from the steering angle repair cream,which is also a test method to detect and can learn from the J class machincry manufacturing industry in China “in the past only means to recognize the importance of detection,and the lack of”lack of testing and testing of the poor law awareness.So have some of the parts is a qualified products I materials,and assembly of products from the pilot test proved to be defective,or:The test can verify the quality of products and design for the steering gear (1) the accuracy of parts of the foot only, finish second,two-phase the location of the elite“Measuring the content of L steering shaft loaded journal bearings.Department feet inch accuracy and smoothness,anti-worm or worm-inch accuracy.smoothness and surface hardness and magnetic-for testing；steering vertical axis arm journal dimensional accuracy and smoothness, the worm wheel roller bearing of the journal center hole distance,wheel bearing and the journal” hole angle from the Chinese side,the block size,finish and degree of asymmetry； circulating ball tooth-type radial fan,big-law length,journal hardness,the magnetic；browser to Min Xuan cochlear aperture wheel size precision,smoothness,tooth surface roughness,intermediate thick teech,tooth,tooth degree of asymmetry； ball rolling circle diameter,smooth,cylindrical roller Road”degree of accuracy and bias,raccway adjacent pitch error,cumulative error section of grass lines and sub-racj section from Rolling Road Center,rack section Road center line and the roll of injustice；carburizing layer thickness,hardnessmagnetic flaw detection；ahift steering shaft shell aperture,roughness,different degree of heart；shift towards vertical axis aperture arm flying finish,different degree of heart；chaos and stecring shaft steering arm hole down the center distance,steering shaft-hole axes and steering arm hole down the center line of the non-verticality. (2) parts of cleanliness.Detection of the site is turning-browser shell surface and the surface parts. Detection method is to use cleaning fluid to clean parts,and then the cleaning fluid with impurities,and vacuum membranc leaching；further 120 weeks of petrol industrial solvents the menbranc will be washed with inpurities.To be volatile after the membranc cleaning fluid,together with the impurities from weighing with the magne cellophane packets are sorted in the iron impurities said the weight of a scrap-iro, The iron filings and then 40 times on the microscope with a disability in most dogs measured particle size. (3)assembly of the leakage. Does not allow any leakage of the phenomenon of steering.Because of internal lubricants in the steering gear is used to turn parts lubricated friction pair,and if as a result of damage caused by leakng seals,lubrication will be affected； resulting in increased friction and wear parts and reduce the life span of steering gera；transminssion efficiency at the same time will lower. The use of conventional vibration and temperature 40 under the conditions of inspection,the shell and shell cap shaft oil scal joints as well as whether the spill.,and water to observe whether there are leakages. (4) after a good tune stecring assembly should check the technical requirements flexible and comfortable when turning the steering wheel,there is no axial gap I turn the steering wheel of the total value of the number required to turn around a few cars in line with the original request. Steering gear shife, also known as machine,machine,machine direction.which is steering the most important parts. Its role ie to increase the spread to turn steering wheel and transmission mechanism to change the direction of power transfer. Hydraulic Steering Hydraulic steering vehicles are windely used in marine hydraulic steering and rudder.Drivers can be used through its ability to manipulate smaller shift power to achieve greater control and performance of safe,reliable,flexible manipulation,light. The manipulation of steering is hydraulic,that is in the steering column and steering wheel there is no mechanical connection between the steering gear is between the fuel tank and steering hydraulic pipes or hoses link. When turning the steering wheel,steering wheel rotation in accordance with the relative proportion of transport fuel,the fuel tank directly into the corresponding control side,while the other side of the oil back to tank. BZZ steering is a switch-type full-hydraulic steering valve with the following characteristics:the elimination of mechanical linkage device,the host can reduce costs,provide a reliable,lightweight structures,manipulation of a flexible lightweight,safe,reliable,and can be very small continuous torque stepless control of rotation, provided to the control loop,as well as a wide range of host size choice,able to shift and a variety of pumps and hydraulic supply system. Steering by the structure can be divided into many types.History,there have been many forms of steering,there is currently more commonly used rack and pinion,worm means crank pins,recycling the ball-rack fan gear type,recycling the ball crank pins means,such as worm-type wheel.The second,fourth,respectively, is the first,the third form of the deformation,and the worm wheel is even more rare type.If the form in accordance with assistance,but also can be divided into mechanical(no help),and power-style(with help) two types of power steering which can be divided into pressure and motivation,hydraulic-power, Electric power-type,electro-hydraulic power types of blocks.It is a rack and pinion of steering one of the most common.The basic structure is a pair of mutually meshing rack and pinon.Pinon steering drive shaft rotates, rack linear motion would be done. In some cases,directly driven by the rack cross-bar,you can make of steering wheel shift. So,this is one of the most simple steering. Its advantage is simple structure,low-cost,steering sensitivity,small size,can be directly cross-link.In widely used vehicle. It is a worm for the active parts,crank pin for the steering gear follower.Worm has a trapezoidal thread,referring to a finger-shaped pin with tapered bearings in the crank bearings,the crank shaft and the shift into one arm.Shifted through steering wheel rotating worm,helical worm embedded in the cone-shaped slot means the marketing side of the rotation,the crank shaft and the shift into one arm.Shifted through steering wheel rotating worm,helical worm embedded in the cone-shaped slot means the marketing side of the rotation,the side rocker shaft to do around the shifted are movement,thereby stimulating and steering crank arm swing down and then turning to make shift transmission wheel deflection.This steering is usually used to turn power on a larger truck. Circulating ball-type:This device is turned by the gear mechanism from the steering wheel to slow down the rotation of power,so that the rotation of steering wheel movement into rotary movement of the turbine worm,ball screw and nut holding the ball engagement,which Ball screw linear motion into rotary movement,with the fan-shaoed nut meshing gears,linear motion into rotary movement,with the fan-shaped nut meshing gears,linear motion into rotary movement,with the fan-shaped nut meshing gears,linear motion into rotary movement again to shake the rod arm,link arm moving again so that even the bar and cross bar to do a straight-line movement to change the wheels direction.This is a classical institutions,most modern cars no longer have to use,but the way was the latest by the application of power steering device.It is equivalent to the principle use of nuts and bolts in the rotation process of relative movement,and in between the thread and thrend the ball into the folder to reduce the resistance,all the ball,both connected in a closed loop of the spiral curve rolling ball club is named after the cycle. Hydraulic rack and pinion steering gear is relative to the case of rack and pinion steering gear machinery, mainly to increase the steering pump,steering oiler,steering pineline, steering valve,steering components,suan as fuel tanks,with a view to improve the pilot hand,the purpose of increasing power steering of the steering device.After 10 years of internal development,has become a mature R&D and manufacturing technology manufacturers have Yubei Koyo Steering Gear Co.Ltd.and other enterprises.With the rapid development of automobile industry,as well as for comfort,safety and continuous improvement in performance,steering systems are also changing with the advance of technology.For the time being,electric power steering systems is turning the forefront of the industry rescarch projects,in accordance with its distribution of the form of string can be divided into power,gear Power,power rack,power bar,the form of electro-hydraulic power. Ago in some sci-fi movies of the unmanned aircraft can occur,such as unmanned acrial vehicle is now a reality,steering systems are moving in the direction of the development of more advanced,such as rescarch and development from Japan JTEKT advanced by the steer-by-wire systems. In this paper,choice-bassed recycling the ball GX1608A gear-steering rack as a research topic,its main contents are: knowledge of automotive steering gear,ball-type steering gear cycle of the main paramenters and design choices.Design also includes the shift rocker shaft,involute spline,fan gear shaft and screw shaft design and verification.According to its own independent study completed by the steering shaft and screw shaft rocker design and verification,in other parts of the network,as well as through the school library to collect relevant information and fax to the future,in the papers have used information the mark. The design has been through a total of about 16 Chinese and foreign-related literature,and learn from the relevant parts of which the essence of the final design of the times.Because of its limited ability to learn and,I urge teachers and experts have pointed out that less than one. 中 文 现代汽车对转向器的要求是操纵轻便，安全、可靠、，并应具有足够的使用寿命。为了满足上述要求，在转向器设计 上应具有合理的传动比特性，正确的啃合间隙，较高的传动效率，足够的刚性和强度。如果转向器再设计上是合理的，那么决定产品好坏的关键问题就是零部件的制造和装配。如何控制产品的质量？关键问题在于合理的检测方法，严格控制装配时控制并保证转向轴的转向力矩喝转动轴与被传动部件之间的间隙。其次检测转向器的性能，还必须通过各类转向器试验台来验证力的角传动比、传动效率、转动力矩、刚性。除考核上述转向器性能指标以外，还应在，试验台上寿核它的可靠性和寿命即静扭试验：薄捶冲击试验、疲劳寿命试验。可以确定产品的质量是否符合国家标准。从 转向器修理的角度来看，这些检测和试验方法也是可以借鉴的。在我国机械制造业中，过去仅仅认识到检测手段的重要性，而缺乏对试验喝试验方法的认识。所以造成一些产品的零件是合格品，而装配出来的产品通过检验或者试验证明是次品：通过试验可以验证产品的好坏，并可以为转向器设计（ 1）零件的尺寸精度、光洁度二相二是位置精度检测内容 1.转向器轴装轴承处的轴颈尺寸精度和光洁度，蜗杆或蜗杆的反寸精度、光洁度和表面硬度与磁为探伤： 转向器垂臂轴轴颈尺寸精度和光洁度，蜗杆滚轮式的滚轮轴承孔到轴颈中心的距离，滚轮轴承孔与轴颈中必夹角，凯 开挡尺寸，光洁度和不对称度： 循环球式的扇齿径向跳动，大端公法线长度，轴颈硬度，磁力探伤： 转向器蜗杆滚轮的孔径尺寸精度、光洁度、齿面光洁度、中间齿齿厚、齿形、齿形不对称度： 循环球式滚道直径、光洁度，滚道圆柱准确度及偏差、滚道相邻节距误差、节距积累误差子齿条节线与滚道中心距，齿条节线与滚道中心的不平行度 : 渗碳层厚度、硬度：磁力探伤： 转向器壳转向轴孔径，光洁度、不同心度： 转向轴转向垂臂孔径飞光洁度、不同心度： 转向轴与转向垂臂孔中心距，转向轴孔与转向垂臂孔中心线的不垂直度。（ 2）零件的清洁度。检测部位 是转向器壳内表面及零件表面。检测方法是将零件用清洗液清洗，然后将带有杂质的清洗液用滤膜进行真空抽滤：再用 120 号工业溶剂汽油将带有杂质的滤膜清洗净。待清洗液被挥发后将滤膜连同杂质一起称重，用包有玻璃纸的磁铁分拣杂志中的铁屑，称得铁屑重量。然后将铁屑放在 40 倍以上的显微镜上测出最大颗粒尺寸（长 宽）。（ 3）总成的渗漏。转向器不允许有渗漏现象。因为在转向器内部的润滑油是用来润滑转向部件摩擦副的，如果由于密封件损坏造成渗漏，就会影响润滑，从而导致摩擦零件加剧磨损，降低转向器寿命：同时传动效率与会降低。利用常用规震 动和 +40C 加温条 件下检查壳体和壳盖接合面处以及转向油封处是否漏油，同时浸水，观察是否渗水现象。（ 4）转向器调好后应检查总成的技术要求时方向转动灵活自如，没有轴间间隙 方向盘的总转数符合规定值，向左右的转数也符合原车要求。 转向器又名转向机、方向机，它是转向系中最重要的部件。它的作用是：增大转向盘传到转向传动机构的力和改变力的传递方向。 全液压转向器 全液压转向器广泛应用于车辆转向和船舶液压舵。驾驶人员通过它可以用较小的操纵力实现较大的转向力控制，并且在性能上安全、可靠、操纵上灵活、轻便。 转向器的操纵是 全液压式，也就是说在转向柱喝转向轮之间没有机械连接，再转向器与转向油缸之间是液压管或软管链接。 当