外文翻译--拉臂式垃圾车设计

1 附 录 A The Design of Pull Arm Garbage Truck 1The introduction of Pull Arm Garbage Truck Pull arm garbage truck is equipped with two types of chassis that has a trunk load and unloading functions to pull arm device-specific vehicles. It can be achieved with car trunk the combination and separation, while the bulk of the trunk to achieve self-unloading cargo operations. The model has been widely used in foreign countries, often in the domestic industry as a sanitation refuse collection vehicles. 5 t pull arm garbage truck is one of the commonly used models, compared to 8 t Arm pull over large tonnage trucks, the pull-arm device structure is relatively simple and easy to domestic Manufacturers； And large tonnage often imported pull arm device. Domestic Manufacturers producing 5 t pull the car pulling the boom arm structure of the device, although about the same, but the important structural parameters of the selection and design of different structural arrangement, it will directly affect the car performance 20 . 2 Pull the boom structure and principle of the device 2.1 The structural characteristics of pull-arm device 5 t pull arm garbage truck pulling device consists of pulling the boom arm and pull arm cylinder, the United Moving frame, trunk insurance hook and cylinder, and the frame. La Boom device structural arrangement shown in figure 2, pull telescopic arm is not used right-angle bend structure. the end of the cylinder and pull the piston rod side arm hinged on the hinge pivot B； Another linkage frame front end and hinged at the hinge pivot C, the formation of a rotary arm pull heart. Cylinder head cylinder arm pull side hinged front frame on the hinge pivot A； linkage frame hinged rear axle frame rear hinge pivot D, the formation of linkage rotary frame heart. Insurance linkage trunk rack hook set the hook cylinder and insurance cylinder. 2.2 The working principle of the device arm pull Pulling garbage truck arm by pulling the device to complete the function of two different dynamic, for boxes and dumping. When the pull device for boom box action, the 2 first cylinder insurance hook action open the trunk insurance hook, trunk lift insurance. Pull lift arm cylinder piston rod elongation from the pull arm, pull arm to pivot around the hinge C clockwise rotation, the hook arm to pull back move. If the frame is equipped with a trunk, the trunk was pushed home ground. When put on the frame, so that the first hook retractor trunk rings, and contraction of the piston rod, pull arm to hinge pivot counter-clockwise rotation axis C, will put on the flat trunk, the insurance cylinder hook action, pull carriages insurance hook fixed to the frame to the trunk. When the pull-arm device dumping action, and action for different box, trunk insurance hook dump in the whole process to ensure that tension in the arm and trunk are not isolated, that is pull arm、 the linkage through the trunk rack and trunk link between the insurance as one of the hook, by the deputy rear frame hinge pivot clockwise rotation axis D, lifting carriages lifted until the refuse rubbish. Trunk reset, as long as the retraction of cylinder piston rod pull arm, the pulling arm body still hinge pivot point D is the shaft counterclockwise rotation, until the trunk reset. 3 La Boom Selection and design of device structure parameters 3.1 Device to pull the boom pivot hinge arrangement and geometry of the main structure Determined by the following three areas: a. Arm by pulling a dump truck performance, it is 5 t pull the best selection of cars from the arm unloading chassis, the chassis can be selected according to the length of pull arm device to determine frame the total length. To ensure the car to pull arm for changing trunk and dumping action by the force of the chassis reasonable and complete the dumping arm pull action pivot hinge rotation axis D of the location should be arranged in behind the rear spring plate from the chassis rear bearing axis, the spacing is about 0 100 mm. b. According to the first hinge pivot D arm pull for me the beginning of the selected pivot hinge rotation axis C. In the design and production of the actual process of pulling the car arm in arm had appeared during the pull action although the initial state, pull arm lift carriages, failed to pull arm pivot around the hinge C rotation, but with the linkage frame with the rotation around the hinge pivot point D, which can not get trunk open the beginning of fall； when lifting a certain height, the action of gravity in the trunk, the hinge will pivot C a sudden fall, so pull arm, the linkage frame and carriages suddenly drop, resulting in relatively large； in hit, resulting in extremely unsafe for me a smooth action. To resolve this 3 problem, determine the hinge point C of the axis position is especially important. First the one hand, the horizontal axis of pivot C can not above the level layout of pivot D. In addition, by the hinge can pivot C stress analysis know, the hinge pivot axis of C must be below the level of tension hinge pivot arm cylinder head horizontal axis, while the hook arm pull-start action must be arranged in the vertical axis of the hinge pivot between C and the hinge pivot left foot. c. Important geometrical parameters arm pull a pull arm foot radius of gyration for pull the oil boom turning radius of the cylinder piston rod end of radius of gyration of the angle between the two radius. From the above points analysis we know that, The smaller of radius. The greater the force needed to pull the smaller cylinder arm. Meet the requirements under the premise of arms-for-me pull-foot turning radius, the smaller the better, La boom cylinder rod side radius of gyration R. The bigger the better as far as possible, so that can pull compact boom, operating small space 21 . 3.2 The selection of pull arm cylinder and cylinder installation angle y. The range of Determined by the following two aspects: a. By mapping method or analytical method to determine the location of the above the hinge pivot and Pull arm geometry and other components, may initially determine the pull-stroke arm cylinder and installation distance. b. Pull arm cylinder mounting angle of La Boom is the important structural parameters of devices. By the former knowledge, pull the boom box or device for carrying out the process of dumping action, pull the oil boom cylinders have to be overcome trunk (full load) resistance torque generated by gravity, and the lifting crane action start unloading boxes when the moment of resistance is the greatest moment of resistance to overcome, and in Boom began pulling action of the hinge pivot device static friction and inertia moment of resistance Maximum torque. So pull arm cylinder mounting angle y. From the previous analysis we know, when angle larger, the pull arm cylinder smaller maximum thrust required, select the pull arm cylinder bore can be smaller. By pulling in the boom cylinder is installed between the frame and trunk floor, oil cylinder installation layout space is limited, so the pull arm cylinder mounting angle range is also very limited. Design principles to children as much as possible to install a large angle, choose the right drawing arm oil pulling arm cylinder bore to meet performance requirements for the use of vehicles, without increasing the cost and fuel tank weight, and 4 easy layout. Analysis and comparison of some domestic manufacturers to produce 5 t pull arm ,the actual design and production of cars and trucks pulling arm experience, 5 t pull arm around the installation space vehicles between 250 300 mm, the general tension arm cylinder mounting angle should be Taken between 3 5 . 附 录 B 拉臂式垃圾车设计 1拉臂车概述 拉臂式垃圾车是在二类汽车底盘上装有使车箱具有装载和卸载功能的拉臂架装置的专用汽车。它可实现车箱与汽车的结合和分离，同时对车箱的散装货物实现自卸作业。目前该车型已在国外得到广泛使用，在国内也常作为环卫行业的垃圾收集运输车。5 t拉臂式垃圾车是常用车型之一，相比 8 t以上的大吨位拉臂车，其拉臂架装置结构较简单， 便于国内厂家生产；而大吨位拉臂车常采用进口拉臂架装置。国内各生产厂家生产的 5 t拉臂车的拉臂架装置的结构虽大致相同，但重要的结构参数的选用和结构布置设计的不同，会直接影响拉臂车的工作性能。 2拉臂装置的结构和工作原理 2 1 拉臂架装置的结构特点 5 t拉臂式垃圾车拉臂架装置主要由拉臂和拉臂油缸、联动架、车箱保险钩和保险钩油缸、以及副车架组成。拉臂采用的是不可伸缩的直角折弯式结构，其一端与拉臂油缸的活塞杆端铰接于铰支点 B,另一端与联动架前端轴心铰接于铰支点 C，形成了拉臂的回转轴心。拉臂油缸的缸头端铰接在副车架 前端铰支点 A上；联动架后端轴心铰接在副车架后部的铰支点 D，形成联动架的回转轴心。联动架上设置了车箱保险钩和保险钩油缸。 2 2 拉臂架装置的工作原理 拉臂式垃圾车通过拉臂架装置完成两种不同的功能动作：换箱和倾卸。当拉臂架装置进行换箱动作时，首先保险钩油缸动作，开启车箱保险钩，车箱解除了保险。拉臂油缸活塞杆伸长举起拉臂，使拉臂绕铰支点 c顺时针回转，拉臂钩就往后移动。如果副车架上装有车箱，则车箱被推置地上。当地上车箱要提上车架时，使拉钩先钩住车箱吊环，然后收缩活塞杆，使拉臂以铰支点 c为轴心逆时针回转，将车箱提上放 平后，5 保险钩油缸动作，拉起车箱保险钩，使车箱固定在副车架上。当拉臂架装置进行倾卸动作时，与换箱动作不同，车箱保险钩在整个倾卸过程中要处在保证拉臂与车箱不分离，即拉臂、联动架及车箱通过车箱保险钩相互联结为一体，以副车架后部铰支点 D为轴心顺时针回转，举升车箱直到卸去垃圾。车箱复位时，只要拉臂油缸活塞杆回缩，整个拉臂机构仍以铰支点 D为转轴点逆时针回转，直至车箱复位。 3拉臂架装置结构参数选用与设计 3 1拉臂架装置各铰支点的布置及主要结构几何尺寸 按以下三方面确定： a因拉臂车具有倾卸工作性能，故 5 t拉臂 车最好选用自卸底盘，可根据所选定的底盘长度，确定拉臂架装置副车架的总长度。为了保证拉臂车进行换箱和倾卸动作时底盘受力合理，拉臂完成倾卸动作的回转铰支点 D的轴线位置应布置在距底盘后轮弹簧钢板后支座轴线的后部，间距约为 0 100mm。 . b根据铰支点