新概念英语Lesson 100-144.doc

Lesson 100 He says thatShe says thatThey say that词汇（1）licencen. 执照语法直接引语和间接引语直接引语就是直接引用说话人原来所说的话；间接引语就是原话的转述。直接引语放在引号里，间接引语是把说话人的原话变成宾语从句。间接引语中，宾语从句中的动词与主句中的主要动词在时态上必须保持一致。把直接陈述改为间接陈述改为间接引语时，谓语动词形式的变化体现在人称上。 She says shes staying at a Youth Hostel.Lesson 101 A card from Jimmy词汇（7）Scotland n. 苏格兰（英国）card n. 明信片youthn. 青年hostel n. 招待所，旅馆（简易的）association n. 协会soon adv. 不久write(wrote, written)v. 写card n. 明信片a birthday card 生日卡片a new year card 新年贺卡hostel n. 招待所，旅馆（简易的）hotel：宾馆，设施比较好的旅店inn：（尤指乡村或公路边的）旅馆，小客栈motel：汽车旅馆soon adv. 不久 adv. 不久Soon she would have to resign. 她不久就得辞职了。 adv. 早；快Why are you leaving so soon?He came sooner than we expected. 他来得比我们预料的快。write(wrote, written)v. 写 v. 写，书写She writes legibly. 她笔迹清楚。 v. 写信Ill write to you soon. 我会尽快给你写信的。 v. 写作；作曲；当作家He started to write for the stage. 他开始成为一名剧作家。He soon finished writing a symphony.语法反意疑问句：概念：询问某种情况是否真实，或者别人是否同意自己。结构：分为两部分，逗号前面为主句；后面为反意疑问句。当前面是肯定句时，后面是否定句；当前面是否定句时，后面是肯定句。回答这种问句要简略，根据事实回答，如果答语本身是肯定的，就用Yes；如果答语本身是否定的，就用No。特点：1、问句的主语与主句的主语一致；2、前后的助动词一致；3、前后的时态一致。4、语调有升有降：升调 - 表示疑问，期待对方回答；降调 - 语气确定，不需要回答。Sally can speak French, cant she?Sally cant speak French, can she? 课文注释1、the Y.H.A.=the Youth Hostels Association：青年招待所协会（青招协）2、speak up：大声地说up作副词用时可表示强度等的由弱到强、由低到高。Can you get up to that note? 你能唱得到那么高的音吗？3、Love, Jimmy：爱你的吉米Yours, Jimmy 你的吉米，这是朋友间通信时常用的结束语。Lesson 103 The French test词汇（17）exam n. 考试pass v. 及格，通过mathematics n. （maths是缩写）数学 question n. （具体的某一个）问题easy adj. 容易的enough adv. 足够的paper n. 考卷fail v. 未及格，失败answer v. 问答mark n. 分数rest n. 其他的东西difficult adj. 困难的hate v. 讨厌low adj. 低的cheer v. 振作，振奋guy n. 家伙，人top n. 上方，顶部exam n. 考试exam/examination （综合性的）考试midterm exam 期中考试final exam 期末考试sham exam 模拟考试entrance examination 入学考试test （单项技能的）考试quiz （临时性的）小测验pass v. 及格，通过pass the exam 通过考试I think I passed the exam.pass in + 具体的某一科要通过She thinks she passed in English.question n. （具体的某一个）问题problem：（抽象）的问题issue 国际争端，分歧question v. 审讯，质问；n.（具体的一个）问题The policeman is questioning the thieffail v. 未及格，失败；n. 失败 v. 失败；及格Doctors failed to save the old mans life.He failed his French paper because it was too difficult. v.（身体等）衰退；变弱；凋谢My eyesight is failing.The flowers failed for lack of sunshine. 花因缺少阳光而凋谢。 v.（后接不定式）不，不能；忘记fail to do something 未能做什么事情I failed to save the boy from the river.I fail to see why you find it so extraordinary.我不明白为什么你们认为它如此与众不同。He failed to persuade me. 他没能说服我。answer v. 问答（普通用词）reply 书面用语repond 正式文体hate v. 讨厌 v. 讨厌；不喜欢；有反感I hate beef.hate to do sth. 一次性的行为I hate to go out this afternoon.hate doing sth. 不喜欢做I hate playing football with him. v. 憎恨；憎恶He said that he hated hypocrisy. 他说他憎恶虚伪。语法too与enough的用法1、enough的用法一般的程度副词都应放在形容词或副词的前面，但是enough必须放在形容词或副词的后面。 在形容词之后使用He failed the exam because it wasnt easy enough.他考试不及格，因为题不够容易。She is beautiful enough to be a hostess.I can drive quickly enough. 在名词之前使用He didnt buy the car because he didnt have enough money.他没买那部车，因为他没有足够的钱。 可以用在enoughfor sb./ sth.和enoughto do sth.结构之中She hasnt got enough money for a holiday.Shes not old enough to live alone.The wall is low enough for them to climb over.这堵墙矮到如此之程度，以至于他们可以攀越过去。2、too的用法 表示“过于”She couldnt answer the questions because they were too difficult for her. 可以用在toofor sb./sth.结构之中This skirt is too big for me. 可以用在tooto do sth.（太而不能）结构之中Its too far to walk home from here.The wall is too high for them to climb over.这堵墙太高了，他们无法攀越过去。 课文注释1、the English and Maths paperspaper这个词当“试卷”讲时，是可数名词。2、cheer up 振作起来3、at the top of 在顶端反义词：at the bottom of 在末端Lesson 104 Too, very, enough词汇（13）clever adj. 聪明的stupid adj. 笨的cheap adj. 便宜的expensive adj. 贵的fresh adj. 新鲜的stale adj. 变馊的low adj. 低的，矮的loud adj. 大声的high adj. 高的hard adj. 硬的sweet adj. 甜的soft adj. 软的sour adj. 酸的 clever adj. 聪明的（主要指学习能力）bright 伶俐intelligent 智商高smart 精明shrewd 洞察力wise 知识广博，有智慧talented 聪明的，通过能力获得的才能gifted 有天赋的stupid adj. 笨的silly 智力低下；昵称fool v. 愚弄；n. 傻瓜，笨蛋 April fools day 愚人节cheap adj. 便宜的（价格低而且质量也不好）inexpensive adj. 物美价廉expensive adj. 贵的（对于购买者的购买能力而言）costly 奢侈的，是真的豪华的dear 物以稀为贵priceless 无价的Lesson 105 Full of mistakes 词汇（5）spell v. 拼写 (spelt, spelt)intelligent adj. 聪明的，有智慧的mistake n. 错误present n. 礼物dictionary n. 词典spell v. 拼写 (spelt, spelt)Can you spell your name?I want you to spell your name.How to spell the word?mistake n. 错误mistake 比较一般的错误，认识不足，理解不对make a mistakeI often make a mistake in the exam.She always makes some mistakes in the homework.error 没有按照既定的程序、规定犯的错误fault 侧重于责任Its my fault.present n.（小）礼物humble present 区区薄礼at present 目前gift 礼物（比较贵重）语法动词不定式在英语中，当一个动词被另一个动词紧跟时，它们之间必须加不定式符号（to），to是小品词。不定式符号后面的动词只能是原形，而不能是过去式或分词形式。动词不定式可做除了谓语之外的所有句子成分。结构： 不定式作动词的宾语：V+ to V原 V+ 名词/宾格代词+ to V原不定式的否定形式是在to之前加not。to +名/代/Ving to为介词 课文主释How do you spell intelligent?How do you spell? 询问某个单词或某人的姓名如何拼写的常用句型。Lesson 106 I want you/him/them to词汇（3）carry v. 携带correct v. 改正，纠正keep v. 保存，保留correct v. 改正，纠正 v. 改正；纠正Please correct me if Im wrong.I spent the whole morning correcting exam papers.我花了整个上午的时间批改试卷。 v. 校正；矫正Let me correct my watch first.This pair of glasses will correct your eyesight problem.Lesson 107 Its so small. 词汇（7）madam n. 夫人，女士smart adj. 漂亮的as well 同样suit v. 适于pretty adj. 漂亮的suit v. 适于 v. 适合；适宜于This coat suits me.This coat doesnt suit me at all.One oclock? That does not suit me. 一点钟？那个时间对我来说不合适。 v. 相称，相当He would not be suit to the job.Blue suits her. 蓝色与她相配。as well 同样as well=too 多用于口语，一般用于肯定句中I can do it as well.语法形容词的比较级和最高级1、形容词的比较级和最高级规则： 一般的形容词后面直接加er或est 以e结尾的形容词后面直接加r或st 以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，把y变i，后面加er或est 以短元音加辅音结尾的形容词，双写辅音，后面加er或est 少数形容词的比较级和最高级是不规则的 多音节形容词较高比较级：more，the most较低比较级：less，the least判断音节：如果音标中有一个元音就是单音节；有两个元音就是双音节；有多于两个元音就是多音节。2、形容词的比较级和最高级的用法比较级只用于两者之间，通常与than连用。形容词比较级之所指如果很清楚，也可以独立存在；最高级用于三者或三者以上。形容词的最高级在使用时必须加定冠词，并常伴有一个表示范围的介词短语或从句。longlonger（than）longest（be+ the longest+ 表示范围的短语或从句）This is the longest river I have ever seen.大多数两个以上音节的形容词可与more/less连用构成其比较级形式，与most/least连用构成其最高级形式。 This models less expensive than that one. The other models more expensive. 课文注释1、Short skirts are in fashion now.be in fashion 时髦，流行2、Would you like to try it?Would you like? 你愿意吗？（用于表示委婉的请求或提议）would like sth. I would like some apples.Would you like some apples?would like to do sth.I would like to have some apples.Would you like to have some apples?Could you ?用在表示请求，比Can you?更委婉。 Could you tell me the way to the post office?Lesson 108 How do they compare?compare v. 比较，对照The article compares the different features of imported cars on the market.这篇文章比较了市场上进口汽车的不同特点。Compare to our little garden, his garden seemed like a park.Lesson 109 A good idea词汇（8）idea n. 主意a little 少许teaspoonful n. 一满茶匙的less adj. 较少的，更少的a few 几个pity n. 遗憾instead adv. 代替advice n. 建议，忠告idea n. 主意idea 含义较广，主意，想法，各种看法I have a good idea.opinion 对某事具体的看法、观点、想法in ones opinion 在我看来thought 成系统的思想view 侧重个人意见viewpoint 观察视点a little 少许a few 几个a little 修饰不可数名词，表示肯定含义；little 修饰不可数名词，表示否定含义I have a little milk.I have little milk.a few 修饰可数名词，表示肯定含义；few 修饰可数名词，表示否定含义She has a few friends.可数名词的多与少，用many与few来表达；不可数名词的多与少，则用much与little来表达。instead adv. 代替 adv. 作为替代Im tired and cant attend the meeting; you could go instead.She did not want to go to the university. Instead, she decided to become a singer. adv. 代替，而不是(of)She wanted to have milk instead of juice.She prefers buying books instead of borrowing them from the library.她宁可买书而不愿到图书馆去借。advice n. 建议，忠告（不可数名词）；v. 建议a piece of advice 一条建议take ones advice 听众某人的建议Youd better take my advice next time.follow ones advice 采纳某人的建议advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事I advice you to stop smoking.smoke v. 抽烟 v. 抽（纸烟、烟斗等）He smokes cigars. 他抽雪茄。 v. 冒烟；冒雾气She could see a chimney smoking in the nearby village.她可以看到附近村子里的烟囱在冒烟。 v. 熏制（鱼肉等）Do you know how to smoke hams? 你知道如何熏制火腿吗？课文注释1、Shall I make some coffee, Jane?make some coffee 煮咖啡I will make some coffee for you.Shall I(we) do something?Shall we stay at home?2、One and a half teaspoonfuls, please.在英语中，比1大的东西，即使比2小，也需要用复数表示。3、It doesnt matter. 没关系。4、What a pity! 真遗憾。英语中常用“What a+可数名词”和“What +不可数名词”的结构来表示感叹。5、Ive ever seen. 我所见过的。Lesson 110 How do they compare?词汇（5）most adj. 最多的（many, much的最高级）least adj. 最小的，最少的（little的最高级）best adj. 最好的（good的最高级）worse adj. 更坏的（bad的比较级）worst adj. 最坏的（bad的最高级）Lesson 111 The most expensive model 词汇（6）model n. 型号，式样afford v. 付得起deposit n. 预付定金instalment n. 分期付款price n. 价格millionaire n. 百万富翁afford v. 付得起（钱）；腾出时间 v. 买得起；付得起（钱）I like this model, but I cant afford it.We are not rich enough to afford a car. v. 担负得起（时间等）I feel I cant afford any more time on this project.We cant afford such enormous fees. 我们无法负担如此巨额的费用。Can you afford two days for me? 你能够为我腾两天时间吗?deposit n. 预付定金 n. 预付定金；押金；保证金He put down a deposit on the house yesterday. 昨天他付了房子的定金。pay a deposite of 付钱定金You must pay deposit of 100 and then 20 a month for three years.Youll have to pay a deposit of $60 to reserve the room.要预定这个房间，你需交付60美金的押金。 v. 存放；存储We were advised to deposit our valuables in the bank safe.别人建议我们将自己的贵重物品存放在银行的保险箱里。 v. 付（保证金）；预付（定金）I deposited $1500 on a new car.instalment n. 分期付款buy sth. on instalments 分期付款买I want to buy a house on instalments this year.price n. 价格price 物体或人内在的价值a good price 物美价廉standard market price 标准的市场价priceless adj. 无价的，极贵重的value 根据用途来判断的价值worth 物质的真正价值语法形容词的平级比较级：形容词的比较形式有三种：较高比较级（more expensive，the most expensive）；较低比较级（less expensive，the least expensive）；平级比较级（as expensive as）。asas 像一样 The green apple is as sweet as the red one.not asas（not soas）不像一样，可以用来进行比较，意思是放在前面的人或物在程度上低于后面的人或物。I dont know as many people as you do.Its not as good as the expensive one 它不如那种价格高的好Lesson 113 Small change词汇conductor n. 售票员fare n. 车费，车票change v. 兑换note n. 纸币passenger n. 乘客none pron. 没有任何东西neither adv. 也不get off 下车tramp n. 流浪汉except prep. 除外change v. 兑换 v. 兑换I want to change the pounds into dollars.Could you change me a one-pound note, please? 能否请你换一镑的零钱给我？ v. 改变；更改He changed his mind at last.This plan is to change the desert into farmland. 这个计划是要将沙漠变为农田。 v. 交换；改换Shall we change our seats?Youve got to change your bus at the next stop. 你得在下一站换车。none pron. 没有任何东西none代词，可与可数名词连用，也可与不可数名词连用。 None of our passengers can change this note.none在句中通常单独使用： I bought none. 我没买什么东西。no形容词，在句中一般修饰别的名词no= notany not否定副词I have got some envelops.I havent got any envelops.I have got no envelops.I have got none.except prep. 除外（不包括）The shop is open everyday expect Sunday.I like him except when hes gloomy. 除了他满脸阴沉的时候之外，我挺喜欢他。besides prep. 除之外（包括）There are three girls besides two doys.语法so与neither引导的简短回答以so或neither开头的简短回答，必须用倒装形式。肯定句：So+助动词+主语They can swim. So can I.否定句：Neither+助动词+主语I cant help you. Neither can they.假如前一句是肯定的，后一句就用so开头；如前一句是否定的，后一句则用neither/nor开头。前后两句的时态要一致。Lesson 115 Knock, Knock!词汇（10）anyone pron. 任何人knock v. 敲，打everything pron. 一切事物quiet adj. 宁静的，安静的impossible adj. 不可能的invite v. 邀请anything pron. 任何东西nothing pron. 什么也没有lemonade n. 柠檬水joke v. 开玩笑impossible adj. 不可能的Its impossible.Thats impossible. 那是不可能的。It is possible for sb. to do sth.It is possible for me to pass this exam.It is impossible for sb. to do sth.invite v. 邀请 v. 邀请Were inviting our colleagues to the party.我们将邀请我们的同事参加这个聚会。I hate people who invite themselves. 我讨厌不请自来的客人。 v. 请求；要求We invite readers letters for this magazine. 本杂志欢迎读者来信。The speaker paused, seeming to invite questions from the audience.演讲者稍停了一下，似乎在期待听众们提出问题。joke v. 开玩笑 v. 开玩笑She is only joking with you. v. 取笑Arent you joking me? n. 玩笑；笑话Dont get angry-it was only a joke!The whole thing was a complete joke. 课文注释1、Look through the window.see through 看透I have seen through you. 我已经看透你了。2、Theres none left.句中的left是leave的过去分词，表示“剩下的、没用完的”，它还常位于不定代词之后，出现在there is/are结构中。 There is nothing left in the refrigerator.Lesson 116 Every, no, any and some词汇（2）asleepadj. 睡觉，睡着（用作表语）glassesn. 眼镜every 每一个everyone 每一个人everybody 每一个人（多用于口语中）everything 每件事情everywhere 到处，每个地方none 没有no one 没有人nobody 没有人nothing 没什么事情nowhere 不在任何地方any 任何anyone 任何人anybody 任何人anything 任何事情anywhere 任何地方any-用于疑问句与否定句中some 一些someone 某人somebody 某人something 某件事情somewhere 某个地方语法不定代词1、不定代词的用法Every（每一），no（无），any（若干）及some（一些）可与one，thing构成复合代词与where构成复合副词。 作主语：不定代词作主语都作单数看待，谓语动词一般用单数Someone is knocking at the door.Nobody is absent.Something is wrong with my watch.Everything is all right. 作宾语I know nothing about it.I didnt see anyone in the garden.She didnt talk to anyone at the party.She talked to nobody at the party. 作表语He is somebody（重要人物） in the company.I am nobody（小人物，什么也不是）. But I have a dream.Thats nothing. 那没什么。2、和some，any的用法一样，somebody/someone/something/somewhere一般用于肯定句；anybody/anyone/anything/anywhere用于疑问句与否定句；nothing/nobody/no one/nowhere相当于not anything/not anybody/not anyone/not anywhere。I went nowhere.3、一般情况下，形容词修饰名词时，通常形容词放在名词前面，形容词修饰不定代词时，通常形容词放在不定代词之后。a beautiful birdsomething good动词不定式（to+v.）可作定语，修饰不定代词时，放在不定代词后。something to eatLesson 117 Tommys breakfast词汇（6）dinning room(hall) 饭厅coin n. 硬币mouth n. 嘴swallow v. 吞下later adv. 后来toilet n. 厕所，盥洗室swallow v. 吞下 v. 吞下，咽下Tommy had swallowed the coins. v. 抑制，使不流露I tried hard to swallow my doubts. 我强忍着不露出怀疑的神色。She swallowed a smile and sat there still. 她忍住没笑，静静地坐在那里。 v. 吞并；侵吞Our company was swallowed up by an American company last year.我们公司去年被一家美国公司吞并了。Nazi Germany nearly swallowed up the whole Europe in World War II.第二次世界大战中，纳粹德国几乎吞并了整个欧洲。语法过去进行时概念:1、在过去某个特定的时间正在进行或发生的动作。2、当过去的一个动作发生的时候另外一个动作正在进行。结构：主语+ was（were）+ doingS+ wasnt（werent) +VingWas（Were） +S +Ving?I was reading a book at 7 oclock yesterday.I wasnt reading a book at 7 oclock yesterday.Were you reading a book at 7 oclock yesterday?What were you doing at 7 oclock yesterday?连接时间状语从句的词：when 当的时候；while 当的时候（强调两个动作的同时进行）when和while大多数情况下可互换，当强调两个动作的同时进行和发生，只能用while。just as 正当时间状语从句主句放前面，用连接词连接，时间状语从句放前面时，要用逗号隔开。I was reading a book while my wife was working in the garden at two oclock yesterday afternoon.While my wife was working in the garden at two oclock yesterday afternoon, I was reading a book. 课文注释1、He put them both into his mouth.both是them的民位语。2、Late that morning, when I was doing the housework, My husband phoned me from the office.late that morning 那天上午的晚些时候Lesson 118 What were you doing?词汇（1）ringv. 响ring v. 打电话；按铃 v. 鸣响；发出清脆的响声Yesterday morning, my alarm clock didnt ring at 7 oclock as usual.When I was opening the from door, the telephone rang. v. 打电话；按铃You said you were going to ring me last night, but you didnt.Somebody is ringing the doorbell.Lesson 119 A true story词汇（8）story n. 故事happen v. 发生thief n. 贼enter v. 进入dark adj. 黑暗的torch n. 手电筒voice n. （说话的）声音parrot n. 鹦鹉story n. 故事（两个清辅音连在一起时，第二个音要浊化）story 一般性的故事，可以真实的也可以是虚构的，完整的故事 make up a story 偏造一个故事 makeup 化妆品fable 寓言故事legend 传奇故事tale 神州故事，童话happen v. 发生 v. 发生What happened?Whats happening?It happen to sb. 发生在身上It happened to a friend of mine last year.A strange thing happened to a friend of mine a year ago.How did the accident happen? v. 碰巧，恰好（to）人+happen to do sth. 碰巧I happen to know that professor.I happened to meet her on my way home.enter v. 进入 v. 进入；穿入The bullet entered his heart. 子弹射入了他的必脏。 v. 参加；加入Four students from our university entered the final contest.我们大学的四名学生进入了竞赛的决赛。He entered politics when he was 27. 他在27岁时步入了政界。dark adj. 黑暗的in the dark 黑暗中，秘密的，特别无助voice n. （说话的）声音voice 嗓音，人发出的声音sound 声音the sound of music 音乐之声noise 噪音语法过去完成时概念：在过去某一特定的时间之前，动作已经结束或完成；过去的两个动作进行比较时，发生在之前的那个动作应该用过去完成时。结构：S+ had 动词过去分词 （+by the end of到为止）常与现在完成时连用的副词：already（已经），ever（曾经），for+表示时间段的词，just（刚刚），never（从未）。I had seen 50 films by the end of last week.I bought a new car last year after I had sold my old one. 课文注释1、It happened to a friend of mine a year ago.a friend of mine 我的朋友之一（双重所有格）one of my friends 我的一个朋友2、Whats up? 干什么？有什么事？Lesson 120 It had already happened.词汇（1）Exercise bookn. 练习本Lesson 121 The man in a hat词汇（6）customer n. 顾客forget v. 忘记manager n. 经理serve v. 照应，服务，接待counter n. 柜台recognize v. 认出forget v. 忘记forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事I have forgotten to bring my book.forget doing sth. 忘记做了某事I will never forget finding that rare coin in my garden.serve v. 照应，服务，接待 v. 服务；接待；侍候Are you being served, sir? 先生，有人为您服务吗？ v. 供应；摆出（食物或饮料等）What time is breakfast served in this hotel? 这个饭店里什么时候供应早餐？ v. 为服务/服役；任职The old cook has served the family for 30 years. 这位老厨师已为这家干了30年了。He began to serve in the Navy in 1960. 他从1960年起开始在海军服役。recognize v. 认出 v. 认出；认识Can you recognize thi