专题七、八种时态.doc

专题七、八种时态一、一般现在时1. 一般现在时的用法1） 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语：always, usually, often, every, sometimes,at, on Sunday。 I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。2） 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。： The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。3） 表示格言或警句。 Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。4） 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。： I dont want so much. 我不要那么多。 Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。 I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。2. 一般现在时的基本句型1）肯定句： 主语+动词原形+其他 主语（第三人称单数）+ 动词-s+ 其他如：They live in China. 他们住在中国。He likes eating apples. 他喜欢吃苹果。2）否定句： 主语+dont+ 动词原形+其他 主语（第三人称单数）+doesnt+ 动词原形+其他 如：They dont live in China. 他们不住在中国。 He doesnt like eating apples. 他不喜欢吃苹果。3）一般疑问句： Do+主语+动词原形+其他? Does+主语（第三人称单数）+ 动词原形+其他？如：Do they live in China? 他们住在中国吗？Does he like eating apples? 他喜欢吃苹果吗？【相关链接】当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词用第三人称的单数形式。谓语动词的第三人称单数形式的变化规则如下：1）一般在动词后直接加s。 如：talk talks, live lives。2）以s, x., ch, sh或o结尾的动词在其后加es。如： watch watches, wash washes, go goes。3）以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，把y变成i再加es。如： carry carries, fly flies。4）特殊的，如：have的第三人称单数为has。【牵手中考】1. Bob often _his mother with the housework on Sundays A. helpB. helping C. helps D. helped2. What did the teacher say just now? He said that the earth _ round the sun. A. go B. goes C. went D. will goII.用所给动词的适当形式填空： 1I_(write)toyouassoonasI_(get)toLondon. 2.Hedoesntfeelwelland_(noteat)anyfoodthismorning. 3.He_not_(see)mecomein,forhe_(read)somethingwithgreatinterest. 4.What_yourmother_(do)ateightyesterdayevening?She_(wash)clothes. 5.Willyoucomeifhe_(notcome)? 6.IdontknowifMr.Wang_(go)toShanghaitomorrow.Ifhe_(go),I_(ask)him_(take)somebookstomydaughter,becauseshe_(study)there. III单项选择： 1.ThestudentswillgototheSummerPalaceifit_tomorrow. A.dontrain B.doesntrain C.wontrain 2.There_anEnglishfilmnextweek. A.willhave B.isgoingtohaveC.isgoingtobeD.wasgoingtobe 3.They_theofficeatnineyesterdaymorning. A.reachedto B.arrived C.went D.getto 4.WeshallgotoShanghaionbusinessbeforeyou_backnextweek. A.wilcome B.came C.wouldcome D.come 5.Dontsmokeuntiltheplane_off. A.takes B.took C.wastaken D.istake 6.Isawher_theroomthismorning. A.toenter B.entered C.enter D.enters 7.Johnisalways_others. A.help B.helping C.helps D.tohelp 二、一般过去时1. 一般过去时的用法1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。 Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了？2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome. 那时，布朗一家无论什么时候去，都受到热烈欢迎。3）句型：1. It is time for sb. to do sth 到时间了 该了。It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。 2It is time that sb. did sth. 时间已迟了早该了 ，It is time you went to bed.你早该睡觉了。 3. would rather sb. did sth.表示宁愿某人做某事。Id rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。4） wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等，而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。1） 动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。Did you want anything else? 您还要些什么吗？ I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下。2）情态动词 could, would。Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车，能借用一些吗？Used to / be used toused to + do：过去常常表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。Mother used not to be so forgetful.老妈过去没那么健忘。 Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫过去常常散步。be used to + doing： 对已感到习惯，或习惯于，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。He is used to a vegetarian diet. Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫现在已习惯于散步了。2.一般过去时态的构成1）肯定句：主语+动词的过去式+其他 如：We enjoyed ourselves in the zoo yesterday. 我们昨天在动物园里玩得很高兴。2）否定句：主语+didnt +动词原形+其他如：We didnt enjoy ourselves in the zoo yesterday. 我们昨天在动物园里玩得不高兴。3）一般疑问句：Did +主语+动词原形+其他如：Did you enjoy yourselves in the zoo yesterday? 你们昨天在动物园里玩得高兴吗？【相关链接】在一般过去时态中会涉及到动词的过去式，大家要掌握规则动词的过去式的变化规则。变化规则如下：1）一般情况下，在动词原形后直接ed 。如：play played , look looked 。2）以e结尾的动词在其后加d。如：like liked, use used。3）与辅音字母加y结尾的动词，把y变成i 再加ed。 如：carry carried, marry - married。4）以重读闭音节（或r音节）结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写这个辅音字母，再加ed。如： stop stopped, prefer preferred。当然，刚才提到的都是规则动词的构成，我们还学过许多不规则动词的过去式形式。如：put put, see saw, eat ate等，这些可需要我们在课下牢牢记住哟！【牵手中考】1.What _ to her yesterday evening?A. was happened B. happened C. happening D. happen2. Hi, Kate. You look tired. Whats the matter? I_ well last night.A. didnt sleep B. dont sleep C. hasnt slept D. wont sleep 3. When _ you _ your old friends? The day before yesterday.A. will; visit B. did; visitC. / ; visit D. have; visited4.-Your phone number again? I _ quite catch it.- Its 69568442. A. didntB. couldntC. dontD. cant二、用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.2. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night.3. We _ to zoo yesterday, we _ to the park. (go)4. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?5. _ he _ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he _.6. Gao Shan _ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.7. I _ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother _.8. What _ she _ (find) in the garden last morning? She _ (find) a beautiful butterfly.9. It _ (be) Bens birthday last Friday 10. We all _ (have) a good time last night.三现在进行时1. 现在进行时的用法1) 现在进行时表示此时此刻正在发生的事或正在进行的动作。常和时间状语now, at the moment, look, listen, at 7:00连用。如：They are singing at the moment. 他们正在唱歌。 Li Ming is making a report now. 李明现在正在做报告2) 表示现阶段正在发生的动作也用现在进行时来表达，此时常和时间状语these days 连用。如：We are mending the car these days. 这些日子我们一直在修车。3) 某些瞬间动词如come, leave, arrive, die 等用现在进行时表示将来，即这个动作将要发生。如：She says she is coming soon. 她说她马上就来。 The match girl is dying. 那个卖火柴的小女孩快要死了。2. 现在进行时态的基本句型1）肯定句：主语+am/ is/ are + V-ing + 其他。如： Nancy is reading a book now. 南茜正在读书。 The twins are playing in their bedroom. 2）否定句：主语+am/ is/ are + not + 其他。如： Nancy isnt reading a book now. 南茜没有正在读书。 The twins arent playing in their bedroom. 那对双胞胎没有正在卧室里玩3)一般疑问句：Am/ Is/ Are+ 主语+ V-ing + 其他？如： Is Nancy reading a book now? 南茜正在读书吗？ Are the twins playing in their bedroom? 那对双胞胎正在卧室里玩吗？4)肯定回答:Yes,主语 +be 否定回答: No,主语+be+not-Are you drawing? -Yes, I am. /No, Im not.【相关链接】1 现在分词（即V-ing形式）的构成1）一般在动词的后面直接加-ing 。如：listen listening, look looking .2) 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去e加ing. 如：take taking , make making .3）以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写这个辅音字母再加ing。如sit sitting, stop stopping .4）特殊的如：lie lying, die dying 等。一般现在时和现在进行时的区别1）一般现在时用以说明客观事实或情况，或用于强调动作的永久性或经常性; 而现在进行时强调动作正在进行，而且这个动作常含有未完成之意。如： We usually have four classes in the morning. 我上午通常上四节课。 Why cant Lily go with me? 丽丽为什么不能和我们一起去呢？ Because she is doing her homework now. 因为她正在做作业。2）always用于一般现在时用于说明事实，一般不带有感情色彩；而现在进行时与always（即be always doing sth.）连用，常表示说话人的某种感情，如：赞扬，批评，厌烦等。如： He always works late.他总是工作到很晚。（表示事实） He is always working late.他总是工作到很晚。（表示赞扬） He is always talking big.他老爱说大话。（表示厌烦）【牵手中考】1. Look! The boys _ happily in the river.A. swim B. swam C. will swim D. are swimming2. -Can your brother make a model airplane? -Yes, this week he _ a new model.A. builds B. is built C. had built D. is building3. Shall we invite Tom to play football now? Oh, no. He _ his clothes. A. is washing B. washes C. has washed二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now. 2. Listen .Some girls _ ( sing)in the classroom .3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now.4. What _ you _ ( do ) now?5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson . 6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now.7.Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom .8.What is our son doing? She _ (listen ) to music.9. Its 5 oclock now. We _(have)supper now10._Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .三.一般现在时和现在进行时练习题( )1. Who _ over there now?A. singing B. are singC. is singing D. sing( )2. Its eight oclock. The students _ an English class. A.have B.having C.is having D.are having( )3. Listen! The baby _ in the next room. A. crying B. cried C. is crying D. cries( )4. Look! The twins _ new sweaters. A. are wearing B. wearing C. are wear D. is wearing( )5. Dont talk here. Grandparents _. A . is sleeping B. are sleeping C. sleeping D. sleep( )6. Tom is a worker. He _ in a factory. His sisters _ in a hospital. A. work/ work B. works/ work C. work/ works( )7. Who _ English best in your class? A. speak B. speaks C. speaking( )8. Mrs Read _ the windows every day. A. is cleaning B. clean C. cleans( )9. We _ music and often _ to music. A. like/ listen B. likes/ listens C. like/ are listening( )10. She _ up at six in the morning. A. getB. getsC. getting( )11. The twins usually _ milk and bread for breakfast, but Jim _ some coffee for it. A. have/ have B. have/ has C. has/ have四、过去进行时1概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time, this morning, the whole morning, all day ,yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, just now，a moment ago或以when, while引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。基本结构：was/were+doing否定形式：was/were + not + doing.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。2. 用法：过去进行时是表示过去某一时刻或某一时间内正在进行或发生的动作。可以从两个方面来理解：1) 过去某一时刻正在进行或发生的动作。E.g. They were playing football at ten oclock yesterday morning. My mother was cooking when I got home. I was washing my clothes at this time yesterday. 2) 过去某阶段持续进行的动作 What were you doing during the holiday? 另外，在复合句中，若主要动作和背景动作是同时发生的，那么主从句都可用过去进行时e.g. Jenny was reading while Danny was writing.3）其结构是助动词be的过去形式was/were +v-ing. 其句式变化仍然要在be上做文章。E.g. We were working in class. We werent working in class. Were you working in class? 过去进行时常与过去某一特定时间的状语连用，如 last night, at that time, at noon yesterday, last Sunday 等。 也有时没有时间状语，要通过上下文的暗示来确定用过去进行时。E.g. The students all worked hard. Everyone knew what he was working for.做题时常见错误如下： 一、易把be+现在分词记成be+过去分词 例：He was talked (talk) to his mum at that time. 答案：was talking 解析：过去进行时与现在进行时结构上的区别体现在be动词上。 二、丢掉be动词或忘记把动词变成现在分词 例：1 I watching (watch) TV when he came in. 2 They were play (play) games at 5:00 p.m. yesterday. 答案：1 was watching 2 were playing 解析：现在进行时中“be+现在分词,缺一不可”的规律也可应用于过去进行时。三、对动词或动词词组提问时丢掉doing例：We were flying kites at 5:00 p.m. yesterday. (对划线部分提问) What were you at 5:00 p.m. yesterday?答案：What were you doing at 5:00 p.m. yesterday?解析：现在进行时中“Whatdoing”?句式同样适用于过去进行时。四、易与现在进行时弄混例：My mother is cooking (cook)when I got home.答案：was cooking 解析：这两种时态的共同点是都表示动作正在进行，但现在进行时前提是现在，而过去进行时前提是过去，由when I got home可看出前提是过去。五、易与一般过去时弄混例：昨晚我在读一本故事书。 I read (read) a story book yesterday evening.答案：was reading 解析：这两种时态的共同点是都用于表示过去发生的动作。但过去进行时强调动作正在进行，而一般过去时则表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，它表示的动作往往已经完成。“在”说明正在进行，而“I read a story book yesterday evening.”的意思是昨晚我读了一本故事书，言下之意已经读完了。故用过去进行时。 另外，在宾语从句中当主句为过去时，从句若是现在进行时，需变成过去进行时。 e.g. He said that he was drawing a cat at noon yesterday.典型例题(1) Mary _C_ a dress when she cut her finger. A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes (2) As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. A. read； was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell 专项训练：一 、单选1 What _ from three to four yesterday afternoon?A have you done B had you done C did you do D were you doing2 I call you yesterday evening, but there was no answer. - Oh., Im sorry I _ dinner at my friends home.A home B had C was having D have had3 My mother _ while my father _TV.A cooked; was watching B was cooking; was watching C was cooked; watched D cooked; watched4 When I got home, my son _ the music.A am listening to B listened to C was listening to D was listening5 We heard a cry when we _ TV last night.A were watching B would watch C watch D watched6 She asked him whether he _ back for lunch.A come B was coming C came D had come7 Could you tell me when _?A she is coming B she was coming C will be come D is he coming8 The teacher _ when I came into the classroom.A is drawing B draws C has drawn D was drawing 二 、填空1 _ they_ (feed) the animals at 5:00 yesterday afternoon?2 Mrs. Green _ _ (not wash) clothes at this time yesterday.3 Grandpa _ _ (mend) his clock when I reached home. 4 As I _ (walk) in the park, I saw some children playing games.五、一般将来时1.一般将来时的用法1） shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我先读哪一段呢？ Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗？2）be going to +不定式，表示将来。a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？b. 计划，安排要发生的事。The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。c. 有迹象要发生的事。Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。4）be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。 He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。注意：be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。be going to / will 用于条件句时，be going to表将来,will表意愿。例如：If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible.Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.be to和be going tobe to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.明天下午我去踢球。（客观安排）Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。（主观安排）2.一般现在时表将来1）下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。 The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。 When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开？十分钟后。2）以here, there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。 Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。 There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。2） 在时间或条件句中。 When Bill comes （不是will come）, ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后，让他等我。 Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就写信给你。4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如： I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。 Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前，务必把窗户关了。3.用现在进行时表示将来下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。Im leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗？六、现在完成时现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成：have （has） +过去分词。比较一般过去时与现在完成时1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now等，皆为具体的时间状语。现在完成时的时间状语：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等，皆不确定的时间状语。共同的时间状语：this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。3） 现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了）I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了）Who hasnt handed in his paper? （强调有卷子未交，疑为不公平竞争）He has been in the League for three years. （在团内的状态可延续）He has been a League member for three years. （是团员的状态可持续）句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.用于现在完成时的句型1）It is the first / second time. that结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次访问这城市。 This is the first time （that） Ive heard him sing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。2）This is +形容词最高级+that结构，that 从句要用现在完成时。例如： This is the best film that Ive （ever） seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 典型例题（1） -Do you know our town at all? -No, this is the first time I _ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming（2） -Have you _ been to our town before? -No, its the first time I _ here. A. even, come B. even, have comeC. ever, come D. ever, have come注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。（错）I have received his letter for a month.（对）I havent received his letter for almost a month.比较since和forSince 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在这儿二十多年了。I have lived here since I was born. 我从出生起就住在这儿了。注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。I worked here for more than twenty years. （我现在已不在这里工作。）I have worked here for many years.（现在我仍在这里工作。）注意：用句型转换的方法，很容易排除非延续动词在有for/since结构的完成时中的误用。1）（对） Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.2）（错） Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to