高考英语一轮复习 第一部分 教材重点全程攻略 Unit 5 The power of nature讲义 新人教版选修6.doc

unit 5 the power of nature 话题素材大自然的力量话题词汇1.natural adj. 自然的；天然的 2.preserve vt. 保护；保留；保存3.responsibility n. 责任 4.typhoon n. 台风5.volcano n火山 6.stricken area 受灾地区7.contribute to 导致 8.be aware of 意识到9.on account of 由于；因为10.get close to nature 接近大自然11.go picnicking 去野餐12.in the long run 从长远来看13.natural resources 自然资源14.negative effect 负面影响15.improve the quality of life for humans 提高人类的生活质量经典佳句1.now more and more people become_aware_that the present environment has_much_to_do_with what we have done to the earth.现在，越来越多的人开始意识到，目前的环境与我们对地球的所作所为有很大关系。2.because_of the behavior of our human beings, the earth is_faced_with great pressure.由于人类活动的影响，地球面临着巨大的压力。3.it is good to learn at_another_mans_cost.前车之鉴。精美语篇my dear classmates, we all know that life is precious. then how can we protect ourselves when we come across a horrible earthquake? now let me give you some advice on how to survive an earthquake.when a serious earthquake takes place, we should hide in a bathroom or under some strong furniture immediately. at the same time wed better sit down on the ground with a towel on our nose and mouth to keep us from the dust. if it is possible, please turn off the gas control and the switches of electrical equipment. but you mustnt try to jump off a building. whats more, do remember not to use the elevator.thats all. thank you！高频单词1.erupt (vi.) (指火山)爆发；突然发生eruption (n.) 火山爆发；(战争等)爆发2.equipment (n.) 设备；装备equip (vt.) 装备3.appoint (vt.) 任命；委派appointment (n.) 约定；任命4.evaluate (vt.) 评估；评价；估计evaluation (n.) 评估5.absolute (adj.) 绝对的；完全的absolutely (adv.) 绝对地；完全地6.suit (n.) 一套外衣；套装 (vt.) 适合；使适宜suitable (adj.) 合适的；适宜的7.actual (adj.) 实在的；实际的actually (adv.) 实际上8.uncomfortable (adj.) 不舒服的；不舒适的comfortable (反义词) (adj.) 舒服的；舒适的uncomfortably (adv.)不舒服地；不舒适地9.anxious (adj.) 忧虑的；不安的anxiously (adv.) 不安地anxiety (n.) 担心；焦虑；渴望10.panic (vi. & vt.) (使)惊慌 (n.) 惊慌；恐慌panicked (过去式/过去分词)11.diverse (adj.) 多种多样的；不同的diversity (n.) 多种多样；多样性12.appreciation (n.) 欣赏；感激；感谢appreciate (vt.) 欣赏；感激重点短语1.compare . with . 与相比2.be_suitable_for 适合3.be_appointed_as 被委派为4.burn_to_the_ground 全部焚毁5.be_about_to_do_sth. 即将做某事6.make ones way 前往7.glance through 匆匆看一遍8.vary from . to . 由到不等9.give birth to 生产；产生10.have a gift for 有的天赋热点句型1.现在分词作状语having_collected_and_evaluated_the_information (收集和评估这些信息之后), i help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast.(教材p34)2.be about to do . when . “刚要这时”i was_about_to_go_back_to_sleep_when (刚要回去睡觉这时) suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.(教材p34)3.独立主格结构the other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this_being_my_first_experience (这是我的第一次经历), i stayed at the top and watched them.(教材p35)4.it is said that . “据说”it_is_said_that (据说) this boy, who had a great gift for languages and persuasion, is the father of the manchu people.(教材p39)同步训练在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.have you ever considered how weak humans are _ (compare) with a volcano, hurricane or earthquake？答案：compared2.although my job is occasionally dangerous, i dont mind because danger _ (excite) me and _ (make) me feel alive.答案：excites; makes3.however, the most important thing about my job is _ i help protect ordinary people from one of the most powerful forces on earththe volcano.答案：that4.i was appointed _ a volcanologist working for the hawaiian volcano observatory (hvo) twenty years ago.答案：as5._ (work) hard all day, i went to bed early.答案：having worked6.i was fast asleep _ suddenly my bed began shaking and i heard a strange sound.答案：when7.i ran out of the house into the back garden _ i could see mount kilauea in the distance.答案：where8.the height of the land _ (vary) from 700 metres above sea level to over 2,000 metres and is home _ a great variety of rare plants and animals.答案：varies; to9.there are many stories _ (tell) about tianchi.答案：told10.they were bathing in tianchi _ a bird flew above them.答案：when1 appointvt.任命；委派；指定；约定教材原句i was appointed as a volcanologist working for the hawaiian volcano observatory (hvo) twenty years ago.(p34)二十年前我被任命为火山学家，为夏威夷火山天文台工作。(1)appoint sb. (as/to be) . 任命某人为appoint sb. to do sth.委派某人做某事appoint a time/place for 为约定时间/地点(2)appointment n. 任命；约会make/have/fix an appointment with sb.与某人预约keep/break an appointment守/违约they appointed_him_(as) captain of the english team.他们任命他为英格兰队队长。i was_appointed_to take charge of arranging all the activities that day.我被指定来负责安排那一天的所有活动。we appointed the place and time for the next meeting.我们确定了下次集会的地点与时间。i left early because i had_an_appointment later that day.因为那天晚些时候我有个约会，就早点离开了。2 suitn. 一套外衣；套装vt.适合；使适宜教材原句we had white protective suits that covered our whole body, helmets, big boots and special gloves.(p34)我们都穿着白色的防护服遮住全身，戴上了头盔和特别的手套，还穿了一双大靴子。(1)a suit of 一套/副(2)suit sb. fine 很合某人的意； 对某人很合适suit . to . 使适合于(3)suitable adj. 适当的；相配的be suitable for 适合于be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事if you want to go by bus, that suits_me_fine.如果你想坐公共汽车去，那对我也非常合适。the film is_not_suitable_for children.这电影不适合孩子们。易混辨析fit多指大小、尺寸、形状的合适match多指色调、形状、性质等方面的搭配suit多指合乎需求、口味、性格、款式等一言辨异i want to take this jacket because it fits me well and matches my trousers, though the style doesnt suit me.尽管样式不适合我，但我还是想买这件夹克，因为我穿着很合身而且它和我的裤子很配。3 anxiousadj.忧虑的；不安的 n担心；焦虑；渴望教材原句i was so anxious and couldnt move at first.(p38)我非常担心，一开始吓得动弹不得。(1)be anxious to do sth.急于做be anxious about sth.担心/忧虑某事be anxious for sb. 担心某人be anxious for sb. to do sth.急于让某人做be anxious that . 急切希望(2)anxiety n. 忧虑；担心；渴望(3)anxiously adv. 焦虑地；不安地she was_anxious_to_finish school and get a job.她渴望毕业，然后找工作。i am very anxious_about my parents health.我非常担心父母的健康。we waited anxiously for our examination results.我们焦急地等待着考试结果。4 guaranteevt.保证；担保；确保n保证；保证书教材原句if you are lucky enough to visit the lake of heaven with your loved one, dont forget to make a wish to guarantee your love will be as deep and lasting as the lake itself.(p39)如果你有幸同你所爱的人同去天池，别忘许愿，以确保你们的爱情像湖水一样幽深而长久。(1)guarantee sb. sth. 保证某人某事guarantee to do sth. 保证/担保做某事(2)give sb. a guarantee that . 向某人保证under guarantee 在保修期内even if you complete your training i cant guarantee_you_a_job.即使你完成了培训，我也无法保证你能有工作。i cannot guarantee_to_work for more than a year.我不能保证工作一年以上。can you give_me_a_guarantee_that the work will be finished on time?你能向我保证工作会按时完成吗？the car is less than a year old, so it is still under_guarantee.这辆汽车用了还不满一年，因此仍在保修期内。.单句语法填空1now that you have all your _ (equip), we can get started.答案：equipment由设空前的形容词性物主代词your可知后接名词，equipment为不可数名词。2being punctual, we can avoid _ (anxious)答案：anxiety句中avoid后缺少宾语，故应填名词形式。3_(panic), she began to scream.答案：panickingpanic与句子主语she之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词表原因。4his plane _ (shoot) down over france in 1944.答案：was shot由句中时间状语in 1944可知，事情发生在过去，且表示“被击落”。故填was shot。5i would like to express my _ (appreciate) and thanks to you all.答案：appreciation由空格前的my一词可知，应填名词形式。appreciation为不可数名词。.单句改错1my mother had a appointment with her friends this morning._答案：aan2in college, youd better choose some activities which is suitable to you._答案：tofor3the message “bridge out” would actual mean “meet me”_答案：actualactually4the boys word is guarantee to make his mother angry._答案：guaranteeguaranteed5the students paniced when told that the final exams were less than a week away._答案：panicedpanickedmake ones way 前往；取得成功教材原句it was not easy to walk in these suits， but we slowly made our way to the edge of the crater and looked down into the red， boiling centre.(p35)穿着这些衣服走起路来实在不容易，但我们还是缓缓往火山口的边缘走去，并且向下看到了红红的沸腾的火山中心。make way for 为让路in this/that way 用这种/那种方法on ones way to 在去的路上feel ones way 摸索着前进lose ones way 迷路wind ones way 蜿蜒向前force ones way out 挤出去；冲出去fight/push ones way 推挤着前行so long as you work hard, you can make_your_way in life.只要你努力工作，你的人生就会成功。could you mail these letters on_your_way downtown?你能在去城里的路上把这几封信寄走吗？without experience in it, we have to feel_our_way.由于在这方面没有经验，我们只能摸索着去做。the great wall winds_its_way across north china like a huge dragon.长城像一条巨龙，在中国北方蜿蜒盘旋。vary from . to . 由到不等教材原句the land varies in height from 700 metres above sea level to over 2，000 metres and is home to a great diversity of rare plants and animals.(p39)这里地面的高度由海拔700米至2，000多米不等，是多种多样的珍稀动植物的生长地。(1)vary from 和不同vary with . 随而变化vary in size/colour 大小/颜色不一样vary between . and . /from . to . 由到情况不等；在到之间变动(2)variety n. 种类；多样化various adj. 各种各样的a variety ofvarieties of 各种各样(3)various adj. 各种各样的however, views on this issue vary_from_person_to_person.然而，不同的人对这个问题持不同的观点。prices of fruit and vegetables often vary_with the season.水果和蔬菜的价格常随季节而变化。malaysia, a multiracial and multicultural country, is famous for its varieties_of food.马来西亚是一个多种族和多文化的国家，因多种多样的美食而闻名。.选词填空vary from . to .; compare . with .; make ones way; glance through; have a gift for1_ the past libraries, todays libraries are equipped much better.答案：compared with2the ages of the kids in the kindergarten _ 2 years old _ 5 years old.答案：vary from; to3when the concert was over, we _ out of the hall.答案：made our way4my young brother _ great _ music.答案：has a; gift for5can you _ these figures for me?答案：glance through.完成句子1. mary was celebrating last night after _ twins.玛丽生下一对双胞胎，昨天晚上在庆祝。答案：giving birth to2the house _ not really _ a large family.这所房子并不适合大家庭居住。答案：is; suitable for3i _ when my mother came in.我刚要离开，突然我妈妈进来了。答案：was about to leave4the building was _ last night.大楼昨晚被全部焚毁。答案：burnt to the ground 5there was no light, so we _ in the dark.没有灯，我们不得不在黑暗中摸索着前进。答案：had to feel our wayit is said that this boy，who had a great gift for languages and persuasion， is the father of the manchu people.(p39)据说这个男孩就是满族人的祖先，他具有很强的语言天赋和说服力。句中it is said that . 为固定句式，意为“据说”，it为形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的主语从句。该结构相当于people say that .，还可以改成“sb. is said to do sth.”结构，其中不定式有时态和语态的变化。it is thought that . 大家认为it is believed that . 人们相信it is reported that . 据报道it is hoped that . 人们希望it is well known that . 众所周知it is supposed that . 据推测it_is_often_said_that human beings are naturally equipped to speak.据说人类天生就有说话的能力。it_is_believed that the banks are to plan a cut in interest.人们认为银行在计划降低利率。it_was_reported_that more than 180 people had been killed in the fire.据报道，180多人在那场大火中丧生。it_is_said_that the new mayor will come into power next month.the new mayor is_said_to come into power next month.据说新市长下个月将上任。.单句语法填空1it is well _ (know) that the great wall is the longest wall in the world.答案：knownit is (well) known that . “众所周知”。2there _ (be) no one else to turn to, i had to come to see you.答案：being此处“there being名词/代词”是独立主格结构作原因状语。3_ is hoped that the crops will grow better.答案：itit is hoped that . “人们希望”。4he is thought _ (write) a novel now.答案：to be writingsb. is said to do sth. “据说某人在干某事”。由句意可知，该动作正在进行，故用不定式的进行式。5he was about to go out _ his friend called him up.答案：whensb. be about to do sth. when . 表示“某人正要做某事，这时候另一件事发生了”。6_ (work) for two days, steve managed to finish his report on schedule.答案：having worked由语境可知，steve与work之间为主动关系，且work这一动作发生在主句谓语表示的动作之前，故填having worked。.句型转换1it is said that john is one of the best students in the class._ one of the best students in the class.答案：john is said to be2it is reported that a fire broke out last night.a fire is reported _ last night.答案：to have broken out现在分词作状语1时间状语walking along the street, i met mary.当沿着街道走的时候，我遇到了玛丽。2原因状语being tired, i stopped to have a rest.因为累了，我停下来休息一下。3条件状语turning to the left, youll find the school.左转，你就会找到学校。4让步状语knowing where i live, he never comes to see me.虽然知道我住在哪里，但他从不来看我。5伴随状语i stood there, waiting for the bus.我站在那儿等公交车。6结果状语it rained heavily, causing severe flooding in the area.雨下得很大，给这个地区造成严重的洪灾。7现在分词的完成式(1)句型(2)用法：v.ing的完成式表示该动作发生时间早于主句谓语表示的动作having finished my work, i went to bed.完成我的工作之后，我上床睡觉了。(1)现在分词作状语，其逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致。(2)分词短语作状语时，与主句之间不可出现并列连词。(3)分词的否定形式是通过在分词前加not, never等否定词构成。.单句语法填空1he sends me an email, _ (hope) to get further information.答案：hoping设空处动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所以要用v.ing形式。2_ (find) the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level.答案：finding主语she与动词find之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作原因状语。3she works in a theatre, _ (follow) in her fathers footsteps.答案：following主语she与follow之间为主动关系，故用现在分词following作状语。4_(defeat) many times, he didnt lose heart.答案：having been defeateddefeat表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前且表示被动，故填having been defeated。.单句改错1we couldnt afford to stay at a hotel, run out of nearly all our money._答案：run前加having2having not seen a rainbow before, he was very excited._答案：having notnot having3buying the precious necklace, she had no money left._答案：buyinghaving bought4his parents died, to leave him an orphan._答案：to leaveleaving.阅读理解a2018长沙一模evidence of violent storms that destroyed a lost town known as britains atlantis has been uncovered. the finds were uncovered off the coast of dunwich, suffolka small village which in the 11th century was one of the largest towns in england.the town was hit by a series of storms in the 13th and 14th centuries and is now largely below the sea.researchers said sediment (沉积物) gathered from the cliffs independently proved the historical record.“they were like the south coast storms of 2013, at least once a year for decades，” professor david sear, of the university of southampton, said.the threeyear research on dunwich has been funded by touching the tide, a 900,000 heritage lottery fund plan to explore the changing suffolk coast.a diver used ultrasound (超声波) to “illuminate” findings on the seabed, and the marshes (沼泽) and eroding cliffs were surveyed.“it offers a marvelous history of climate change and coastal erosion，” said prof. sear with regard to the findings.in the 11th century, dunwich was the 10th largest town in england, but now has about 120 residents.two great storms in 1286 and 1326 resulted in the loss of its harbour and started its decline. prof. sear said analysis showed how people gave up on dunwich after 1338, when another great storm choked up the port for good, and food production declined. “sediment gathered from the cliffs，” he said, “independently confirmed the sequences of storms recorded in the historical record.”the underwater research has been carried out using acoustic (声音的) imaging technology, and has unearthed a series of buildings. we found the ruins of about four churches and weve also found ruins of what we think was a toll house. weve also found shipwrecks (沉船), which no ones known before.a dig in 2015 discovered evidence of dunwichs prehistoric origins, as well as evidence that it was a prosperous saxon port, prior to its rapid growth following the norman invasion.bill jenman, from touching the tide, said，“we found loads of pottery, a lot more than weve found before, sort of high medievalthe peak of the wealth of dunwich. we know it was a fairly major town in the anglosaxon period.”篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了研究人员发现了十一世纪英国最大的城镇之一dunwich被猛烈的暴风雨摧毁的新证据。1evidence shows that dunwich declined in history due to_.athe rise of sea level bsediment from the cliffcthe norman invasion da series of storms答案：d细节理解题。根据第二段中的“the town was hit by a series of storms in the 13th and 14th centuries and is now largely below the sea.”可知，这个小镇是被暴风雨摧毁的。2what can be learned from the text about dunwichs present condition?ait is completely below the sea.bit still exists with about 120 residents.cit is still hit by storms every year.dit is still an important port in england.答案：b细节理解题。根据第八段中的“in the 11th century, dunwich was the 10th largest town in england, but now has about 120 residents.”可知，此地现在只有大约120名居民。故答案为b。3from the discoveries, we can conclude that _.adunwich was thoroughly ruined by the norman invadersbno one believed those ships could have sunk at dunwichcdunwich was a prosperous town before its declinedno historical records about dunwich were kept after 1338答案：c推理判断题。根据倒数第二段及最后一段最后一句可推知，在衰落之前，dunwich是一个繁荣的城镇。bwildfires and heat waves have been troubling the states of california and arizona this year. since 2010, about 6.4 million acres have been burned on average per year. recent studies have stated that global warming is the cause of these wildfires and higher temperatures, and that the incidence of these natural disasters is likely to increase.as temperatures increase, wildfires become more common. as this cycle progresses, climate change and wildfires both increase frequently and seriously. forest fires are also developing at higher frequencies as a result