2019届中考英语复习第一篇语言基础知识第20课九年级Units11_12基础知识.docx

第20课 九年级 Units 1112课前预热中考词汇拓展重点易错单词1. friendship 友谊；友情2. king 国王；君主3. pale 苍白的；灰白的4. queen 王后；女王5. palace 王宫；宫殿6. wealth 财富7. grey 灰色的8. shoulder 肩膀9. goal 球门；射门；目标10. besides 而且；除之外还11. courage 勇敢；勇气12. pull 拉；拖13. backpack 背包；旅行包14. block 街区15. worker 工人；工作者16. above 在上面；在上面17. alive 活着；有生气的18. airport 机场19. till 到；直到20. market 市场；集市21. fool 傻瓜；愚弄22. cancel 取消；终止23. officer 军官24. disappear 消失；不见词汇拓展1. friend（n.） friendly （adj.）友好的 friendship （n.）友谊；友情2. power（n.） powerful （adj.）强大的；有影响力的3. bank（n.） banker （n.）银行家4. exam（n.） examine （v.）（仔细地）检查；检验5. wealth（n.） wealthy （adj.）富有的6. comfort（v.） comfortable （adj.）使人舒服的；舒适的 uncomfortable （adj.）使人不舒服的；令人不舒适的7. weigh（v.） weight （n.）重量；体重8. nod（v.） nodded （过去式/过去分词） nodding （现在分词）点头9. agree（v.） agreement （n.）（意见或看法）一致；同意10. disappoint（v.） disappointment （n.）失望；沮丧 disappointing （adj.）令人失望的 disappointed （adj.）感到失望的11. oversleep（v.） overslept （过去式/过去分词）睡过头；睡得太久12. ring（v.） rang （过去式） rung （过去分词）（钟、铃等）鸣；响13. expect（v.） expected （adj.）预期要发生的；期待中的 unexpected （adj.）出乎意料的；始料不及的 unexpectedly （adv.）出乎意料地14. work（v.） worker （n.）工作者；工人15. burn（v.） burned/burnt （过去式/过去分词） burning （现在分词）着火；燃烧16. west（adj. & adv.） Western （adj.）西方的，在西方的17. discover（v.） discovery （n.）发现18. office（n.） officer （n.）军官；官员 official （adj.）官方的；正式的19. believe（v.） believable （adj.）可相信的；可信任的 unbelievable （adj.）不可相信的 disbelief （n.）不信；怀疑20. appear（v.） disappear （反义词）消失 appearance （n.）出现；露面；外貌21. embarrassed（adj.） embarrassing （adj.）令人害羞的22. lady（n.） ladies （pl.）女士23. coach（n.） coaches （pl.）教练；私人教师24. fame（n.） famous （adj.）著名的中考词组短语词 组1. the more.the more. 越越2. be friends with sb. 是某人的朋友3. neither.nor. 既不也不4. to start with起初5. let.down使失望6. kick sb. off开除某人7. rather than而不是8. show up露面9. be sold out被卖完10. have a lot in common有很多相同之处11. explain sth. to sb. 向某人解释某事12. take ones position取代某人的职位13. in three days time在3天的时间内14. on ones shoulders在某人的肩膀上15. miss doing. 错过做16. walk through the door走过门17. hear sb. knocking on the door 听到有人敲门18. learn from mistakes从错误中吸取教训19. with courage带着勇气20. in ones heart在某人心中21. be close to winning the game接近赢得比赛22. to his surprise and relief使他惊讶和释怀的是23. nod in agreement点头赞同24. leave sth. at sp. 把某东西落在某地25. be late for class上课迟到26. put on穿上27. arrive at. 到达28. wait in line排队等候29. stare at sth. in disbelief不相信地盯着某物看30. jump out of bed跳出床31. get dressed穿好衣服32. on April Fools Day在愚人节33. be fooled by others被他人愚弄34. lose weight减肥35. be canceled被取消36. spread across the whole country在整个国家传播37. thousands of数以千计的中考句型回顾书面表达素材1. 感受、情绪调节Waiting for Amy drove Tina crazy . 等待艾米使蒂娜发疯。Whatever it was, dont be too hard on yourself . 不管（结果）怎样，不要对自己要求太苛刻。You should learn to relax and not put so much pressure on yourself.你应该学会放松，不应该把太多的压力压在自己身上。Then she wont feel left out . 那她就不会感觉自己被忽略了。He slept badly and didnt feel like eating. 他睡得不好，也不想吃东西。But I think if we continue to pull together , were going to win the next one. 但我觉得，只要我们坚持齐心协力，下次一定会赢。2. 写人记事It happens on April 1st every year and is a day when many people play all kinds of tricks and jokes on each other.每年的4月1日，当日很多人会互相作弄对方和开对方玩笑。Luckily, Carls dad saw me on the street and gave me a lift in his car.幸运的是，卡尔的父亲在街上看见了我，用车载了我一程。My bad luck had unexpectedly turned into a good thing.我的坏运气出乎意料地变成了一件好事。语法精萃 When/By the time I got to school, I realized that I had left my backpack at home.当我到学校时，我意识到我把书包忘家里了。（过去完成时） Before I got to the bus stop, the bus had already left .在我到车站之前，公交车已经离开了。（过去完成时）I was about to go up to my office when I decided to get a coffee first.当我即将上楼去办公室时，我突然决定先去喝杯咖啡。（时间状语从句） As I was waiting in line, I heard a loud sound.当我正在排队等候时，我听到一声巨响。（时间状语从句）Money and fame dont always make people happy .金钱和名誉并不总能使人们开心。（make sb.+adj.）The sad movie made her cry .那部悲伤的电影使她哭了。（make sb. do）课堂突破中考重点单词与短语一、would rather do sth. than do sth. 的用法【例句展示】1. You would also rather stay at home and read a good book than go to a party.你也宁愿待在家里读一本好书，也不愿意去参加聚会。2. Linda would rather have a cold than wear thick clothes.琳达宁愿感冒也不愿意穿厚衣服。3. The children would rather buy books than snacks.这些孩子宁愿买书也不愿买零食。【精讲辨析】由例句1、2可知，would rather do sth. than do sth.是一个固定结构，连接两个动词原形，意为“宁愿（也）不愿；与其不如”。由例句3可知，当该结构前后连接的是同一个动词时，后面的动词可以省略。would.rather than也是此意。【活学活用】根据汉语意思翻译句子。我宁愿做家务也不愿玩电脑游戏。I_ some housework than_ computer games.二、help的用法【例句展示】1. He needs some help. 他需要一些帮助。2. They help with the housework and do most unpleasant jobs.他们帮助做家务并且做大部分令人讨厌的工作。3. With the help of our teachers, we try our best to deal with each challenge in our education.在老师的帮助下，我们尽力处理我们学业中的每一个挑战。【精讲辨析】help可作名词或动词，意为“帮助”。相关短语：help sb. （to） do sth.=help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事；help a lot（=be helpful）帮助很大；with ones help=with the help of sb.在某人的帮助之下；help out帮助走出困境。【活学活用】用适当的词填空。1. He often helps me_ my English.2._ her help, I finished the work successfully.3. They want to help the boy_ the heavy box.4. Reading good books is_ to us.三、work的用法【例句展示】Working on the farm is hard work.在农场工作是艰辛的工作。【精讲辨析】work既可作名词，也可作动词，作名词时为不可数名词，常用于以下结构：work as做（工作）；work on从事；at work在工作。它的另一个变化形式是hard-working，意为“用功的”。而另一个表示“工作”的名词是job，是可数名词。【活学活用】用适当的词填空。1. He works_ a reporter.2. He is working_ a new book.3. Mr. Wang is_ work.4. He is a_ boy.四、neither.nor.的用法【例句展示】1. Neither medicine nor rest can help him.药物和休息都不能帮助他。2. Its neither too cold nor too hot in Hong Kong.香港天气既不太冷也不太热。3. Neither my father nor my mother is interested in dancing.我的爸爸和妈妈对舞蹈都不感兴趣。4. Neither Jim nor I am reading English.吉姆和我都没在读英语。5. Neither Jim nor I are reading English.吉姆和我都没在读英语。【精讲辨析】1. neither.nor.用于连接两个表示并列关系的名词，用于否定两者，意为“既不也不；和都不”。2. 若连接的两个成分作主语，其谓语的单复数通常与靠近的主语单复数保持一致，如例3、例4。但在非正式文体中也可用复数，如例5。【活学活用】用适当的词填空。Where is James now?Hes_ in the office_ in the library. You cant find him there.五、feel like的用法【例句展示】1. He slept badly and didnt feel like eating.他睡眠很差并且不想吃东西。2. It feels like silk.它摸起来像丝绸。3. My legs feel like cotton.我的腿感觉像棉花一样。4. Do you feel like a drink?你想喝点饮料吗？5. I dont feel like eating. 我不想吃。6. I feel like I want to cry.我觉得我想哭。【精讲辨析】“feel like+名词/动名词”有如下含义：1. 表示“摸起来像”。2. 表示“感觉像（是）”。3. 表示“想吃或喝”。4. 表示“想做”。5. 表示“想”，后接句子。【活学活用】根据汉语意思翻译句子。今天早上我身体不太好，我感觉不想吃。I was not very_ this morning and I didnt_ eating.中考重点句型一、sth. makes/made sb.+形容词/do某物使某人【例句展示】Loud music makes me tense.吵闹的音乐使我紧张。【归纳提高】make me tense是“make+宾语+宾语补足语”的结构，make作使役动词，本句中的补足语为形容词，补足语也可以由名词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式等充当。如：We made him our monitor.我们选他当我们的班长。Mother made her coat into my skirt.母亲把她的外套改成了我的裙子。The boy makes faces just to make others laugh.这个男孩做鬼脸的目的是让其他人笑。注：1. make sb. do sth.省略的to在被动语态中要加上。类似的词还有see, hear, notice, watch等。2. make+it+adj.+to do sth.句型中it作形式宾语。同时think, find, feel等也有此用法。3. make除了作使役动词以外，还作行为动词，一般意为“制造”，用途很广。常见短语：be made in产于某地；be made from由制成（成品中看不出原材料）；be made of由制成（成品中可以看出原材料）；be made into被制成（主语是原材料）；be made up of由组成。make的相关短语：make a cake （for sb.）; make a decision; make friends with; make mistakes; make up ones mind to do sth.; make （a） noise; make sb. （feel） at home; make progress in/with; make a living by.; make money; make a fire; make it; make a list of; make a plan for; make soup; make sure; make the bed。【活学活用】A）用所给词或词组的适当形式填空。1. The boss made him_（work） 12 hours a day. He was made to_（feel） very tired.2. The scientist tried his best to make his view_（understand）.3. Grapes can also_（make into） wine.B）选词填空。4. Dont waste paper!It is made_（of/from/into） wood.二、By the time/When.（一般过去时），.had done.当时，已经【例句展示】1. By the end of last week, we had learned nine lessons.到上周为止，我们已经学了九课。2. By the time she got up, her brother had already gone into the bathroom.到她起床的时候，她哥哥已经进了浴室。3. When I got to school, I realized I had left my English book at home.当我到学校的时候，我意识到把英语书落在家里了。【归纳提高】例句均用了过去完成时。过去完成时由“助动词had（用于各种人称和数）+动词的过去分词”构成。其否定形式是在had后加not，变疑问句是将had移到句首。过去完成时的主要用法：1. 表示在过去某一时间之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态（也称为“过去的过去”）。过去完成时常用的时间状语有：by the end of.（如例句1）；by the time+从句（如例句2）。2. 表示过去某一个动作发生在另一个过去的动作之前。先发生的动作用过去完成时，后发生的动作用一般过去时。从句常用when, before等引导。例句3中，“到达”这一动作与“意识到”这一动作基本同时发生，所以都用了一般过去时，而“落在家里”这个动作发生在“意识到”这个动作之前，所以leave用了过去完成时。【活学活用】用所给词组的适当形式填空。The plane_（take off） when we got to the airport.三、Its+形容词+that+从句【例句展示】1. It is crucial that I study for it （the math test） because it makes up 30% of the final exam.它（这次数学考试）占期末考试的30%，所以为此次考试而学习很重要。2. It is true that I am famous and everyone loves my songs.我很出名，而且每个人都爱我的歌曲，这是真的。【归纳提高】以上例句的结构均是：Its+adj.+that从句。例句1中，第一个it是形式主语，真正的主语是that I study for it；第二个it和第三个it都指代the math test。例句2中，it也是形式主语，真正的主语是that I am famous and everyone loves my songs。【活学活用】根据汉语意思翻译句子。众所周知，这岛屿在历史上一直属于中国。_that this island belongs_ China all the time in history.中考词语辨析一、as, when与while【例句展示】1. He watched TV as he shouted.他一边喊一边看电视。2. It was snowing when we got to the airport.我们到达机场时，天正下着雪。3. Some students were reading while others were writing.有些学生在读书，而有些学生在写字。4. While we were having a meeting, Li Ming came in.我们正在开会时，李明进来了。【辨异突破】1. as意为“当的时候”，含有“一边一边”之意，强调的是不同的动作同时发生。2. when意为“当/在的时候”，主从句所表示的动作、事件可同时发生，也可先后发生。从句的时态多用一般现在时或一般过去时，从句的谓语动词可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词。3. while意为“正在时”，用于指同时进行的两个延续性动作相伴随而发生，常把同类的两个动作作对比，while从句中的动词须用延续性动词，从句常用进行时；如果主句和从句中的动作是两个同时进行的动作或事件，那么主句也要用进行时。【活学活用】用as, when或while填空。1. I was about to leave home_ the telephone rang.2. My mother was cooking_ my father wassweeping the floor.二、reply与answer【例句展示】1. You must reply to our proposal in two days.两天内你必须要答复我们的提议。2. Can you answer the question?你能回答这个问题吗？3. Have you had an answer to your letter?你收到回信了吗？【辨异突破】1. reply作动词时是不及物动词，一般指回应，不需要确切的答案，意为“回复”。若要跟宾语则必须加介词to。2. answer作动词时是及物动词。另外这两个词均可作名词，若想表达“什么的答案”应加介词to。类似的表达还有：the key to the door（门的钥匙），the ticket to the film（电影票），the way to.（去的路），a visit/trip to.（一次去的旅行），the main entrance to the cinema（电影院主入口）等。【活学活用】用reply或answer填空。1. Jenny, could you_ the telephone for me?I am busy cooking.2. I said goodbye to her but she made no_.三、true, truly, truth与real【例句展示】1. His words are true.他的话是真的。2. This is a true story.这是个真实的故事。3. Im truly sorry that I hurt you.伤害到了你，我真的很抱歉。4. Let me tell you the truth.让我告诉你真相。5. Santa Claus isnt a real person.圣诞老人不是一个真实的人物。【辨异突破】这四个单词“形似意连”，但用法却不同。例1、2中true是形容词，意为“真实的”，强调与实际情况相符，并非杜撰的、捏造的。在句中既可作表语又可作定语。例3中的truly修饰形容词sorry，我们可以知道它是副词，意为“真诚地；衷心地”；truly也有“确实”的意思。例4中的truth是不可数名词，常与the连用。但当它表示“真理”时，是可数名词。real强调客观存在，并非想象或虚构，是形容词，意为“真正的”。【活学活用】根据汉语提示完成句子。1. David, could you please tell me the_（真相）?2. His dream_（实现） at last with his great effort.3. In the end, the_（真正的） criminal was a short and heavy old man.四、so that, so.that.与such.that.【例句展示】1. Mr. Wang did not work hard, so that he was out of work when he was young. 王先生工作不努力，因此他年轻时就失业了。2. The little girl was so tired that she couldnt walk farther.那个小女孩太累了，以至于她不能再往前走了。3. He is such a little boy that I cant believe him.他是如此小的一个男孩，以至于我不能相信他。4. Its so good a book that we all like reading it.=It is such a good book that we all like reading it.这本书太好了以至于我们都喜欢读。【辨异突破】1. so.that.意为“如此以至于”，引导结果状语从句，so后接形容词或副词原级。常用于下列结构中：so+形容词/副词形容词+a/an+单数可数名词many/few+复数可数名词much/little+不可数名词+that.2. such.that.也表示“如此以至于”，但such修饰名词，常用于下列结构中：such+a/an+单数可数名词a/an+形容词+单数可数名词（形容词+）复数可数名词/不可数名词+that.3. so that表示“以便；为了”时，引导目的状语从句，从句中的谓语动词常和can, may, could等情态动词连用；表示“因此；所以”时，引导结果状语从句，从句中一般不用情态动词，在so that前可以用逗号。【活学活用】用so that, so.that.或such.that.填空。1. Ive got_ many falls_ Im black and blue all over.2. He is_ an honest boy_ we dont believe he told us a hoax.3. There are_ many hot days_ theres little water in the river.4. Please turn on the light_ we can see it clearly.五、relaxed与relaxing【例句展示】1. Jim felt very relaxed after listening to that song.听完那首歌后，吉姆感到很放松。2. The party was relaxing. We were all relaxed after it.这场聚会令人放松。聚会过后我们都很轻松。【辨异突破】1. relaxed为形容词，意为“放松的；轻松自在的”，其主语通常是人。如：Jim seems to be very relaxed and happy.吉姆看起来非常轻松愉快。2. relaxing也为形容词，意为“使人放松的”，其主语通常是物。有类似用法的词还有：surprised/surprising, excited/exciting, frightened/frightening, moved/moving等。【活学活用】用所给词的适当形式填空。The boys like playing basketball because they think they can be_（relax）.六、a bit与a little【例句展示】1. Get up a bit/a little earlier, and you will see the star.起早一点你就会看到这颗星星了。2. He ate a little food/a bit of food this morning.他今天早上吃了一点点食物。3. She is not a little tired.她很累了。4. She is not a bit tired.她一点也不累。【辨异突破】1. 两者都意为“一点儿”，都用来修饰形容词、副词及其比较级，也可修饰动词。都可修饰不可数名词，但a little后直接加不可数名词，a bit后加of再加不可数名词。2. a bit和a little在否定句中的意思恰恰相反，not a bit相当于not at all（一点儿也不），not a little相当于very （much）或extremely（很；非常）。【活学活用】根据汉语意思翻译句子。1. 这家酒店小了点。This hotel is_ small.2. 这本书一点也不有趣。The book is not_ interesting.3. 餐桌上还剩下点食物。There was_ food left on the table.当堂检测一、用所给词的适当形式填空。1. I am sorry to say Ive_（leave） my key in my car.2. The poor girl won first prize_（expect）.3. There are hundreds of_（work） in this small factory.4. We have been friends for nearly twenty years. Nothing can break off our_（friend）.5. He was one of the best_（king） in Chinese history.6. He was_（kick） off the soccer team because of the big mistake he made.7. She_（nod） to me when she passed me in the street.8. The Internet is_（power） than books. It is influencing our lives a lot.9. You can lose_（weigh） by eating less and keeping exercise more every day.10. The_（work） are building the subways now. The traffic in our city will be better soon.二、用方框中所给词的适当形式填空，每词限用一次。 expect beside disappear agree believe 1. The man_ quietly before I could say thanks to him.2._ singing English songs, you can also learn English by reading English magazines.3. Danny is really a_ man, so he has many good friends.4. The two cities have reached an_ to develop science and technology together.5. Well have a three-day off. All of us couldnt help jumping when hearing the_ news.三、根据短文内容和所给汉语提示，在空白处写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。David Beckham is one of the most famous football players in the world. When he was very youn