外文翻译--汽车装配工艺现状 发展趋势和市场预测

1 APPENDIX Car assembly technique situation and the development trend of the market forecast abstract the article expounds auto, engine, transmission, and other key parts assembly process equipment manufacture level of general situation and the present situation, and for the next five years of automotive assembly process equipment demand forecasting is analyzed. (priceless cows back I dont need to hesitate) 1. The engine, transmission, rear axle of key parts and whole vehicle assembly process equipment 1.1 engine assembly process equipment With the rapid development of Chinas automotive industry, especially in the technology and the introduction of foreign second-hand equipment to make the engine of recycle, assembly equipment level increased significantly. Engine assembly technology and equipment are divided into five types: assembly and points assembly assembly line； Move over load equipment； Automatic tight equipment； Special assembly equipment and testing equipment. 1.1.1 engine assembly line type and development (mainstream capital real purpose, analysis found that the best profit opportunities!) Every domestic engine manufacturing enterprise the engine assembly line type more, can be reduced to roughly； Free groove + double chain bridge car type； Free groove + anti-shear traction ground track car type； Free groove + take with the ground plate stent； Free groove + anti-shear traction ground track car type + take with the stent board type； Hanging chain, etc. All of these are the main assembly line for compulsory water (continuous or batch), and the operation of the main assembly object is consistent with the synchronization), is called (synchronous assembly line or rigid assembly line. Along with the development of the car industry, engine assembly line is from rigid to the flexible assembly line assembly line direction development, flexible assembly line is characteristic of the assembly can beat within a certain range of free adjustment, can achieve more varieties mixed flow production and adapt to the change of production program. And because in the assembly operations assembly object and the assembly workers remained relatively static state, to ensure the high quality of the assembly and using 2 special assembly equipment provides convenient conditions, is easy to realize the automation of the assembly. So of the introduction of domestic car motor assembly line adopted the flexible assembly line (i.e. asynchronous assembly line). At present domestic used for engine assembly asynchronous assembly line, the main types have single GunGang type, friction for flexible roller type, double roller chain plate and scales, etc. Of General from the United States and Japan imported engine asynchronous assembly line for friction flexible roller type, such as faw two hair and days； Imported from German engine asynchronous assembly line for the single GunGang type, such as for Shanghai Volkswagen and faw Volkswagen. The big assembly (medium) asynchronous assembly line in Chinas development, along with introducing car technology and foreign second-hand equipment reuse and developed. Beijing internal combustion engine plant and faw engine plant in the 80 s were introduced American general motors 2.0 L engine production line and the Chrysler 488 engine production line, this two production lines in assembly and points of the assembly line is the assembly synchronous assembly line. This time can say flexible assembly line is Chinas small and medium-sized machinery in the assembly production to application after the new China, several large motor plant, such as Shanghai Volkswagen, faw Volkswagen, tianjin internal combustion engine factory assembly lines are used to introduce the engine of asynchronous assembly line. A few equipment manufacturer in China through the imported technology digestion absorption, already can be designed and made for the small and medium-sized machinery asynchronous assembly line, and used in the production. But with the introduction of equipment, there is still a gap compared, the main problems and technical difficulties is poor reliability, the roll and GunGang wear-resisting of low intensity, and affect the service life of equipment. At present the device is still to introduce primarily, therefore in this respect has yet to be developed further, the domestic equipment will make the cost of production line is greatly reduced and so in our country are wide development prospects. 1.1.2 engine assembly line of the special assembly equipment and testing equipment The application of the flexible assembly line to ensure that products of high quality and high productivity special assembly machine created the conditions. In the car engine assembly used widely in the DuoTou set torque bolt (mother) tightening machine (also called assembly machine). Tight method using the control torque-corner method, this method is currently the worlds most advanced threaded connection method. In addition to 3 the valve to be automatic assembly machine, assembly manipulator, automatic glue machine, the equipment that the domestic engine assembly technology level close to the international advanced level. In the car engine assembly, some important joint surface (such as oil pan, water pump shell, etc and cylinder surface), the combined with rubber seal new craft, replace with the shim between surface, which simplifies the production process and also to improve the seal quality. In the key assembly procedure with special inspection after using automated detection equipment, location of assembly quality control, such as the crankshaft rotating torque and axial clearance check assembly sealing check etc., Main engine assembly equipment and the current domestic production level see table 1. Table 1 engine assembly main equipment and the current domestic production level Serial number device name domestic manufacturing level 1 engine assembly asynchronous assembly line can design and manufacture, but low quality, the service life is short, 2 the synchronization of cylinder assembly line current use of the equipment and the introduction of mainly. 3 the piston connecting rod asynchronous assembly line 4 gas door lock installed clamp pressure 5 the spark plug catheter pressure installed 6 piston assembly machine design and manufacturing, and domestic to reliable quality, but not now 7 the piston pin pressure have professional production factory, installed production to disperse, influence the overall level equipment 8 block turn connecting improve, current use of the equipment to domestic manufacturing primarily. 9 the piston insert the turntable 10 turn transfer carrier aircraft 11 engine Numbers printer 12 the Lord bearing cover bolts tight machine can design and manufacture, but low quality, high failure rate. 13 the connecting rod bolt tightened at home for some factory machine to save the investment of the key to tighten head 4 14 the oil pan is tighten bolts introduction, body part machine manufacture its own, basic can meet to use 15 to tighten bolts for cylinder head machine. Current use of the equipment for the introduction of more than 95%. 16 the flywheel bolt tight machine 17 after oil pan and oil seal glue machine can design and manufacture, but low quality, high failure rate. At present domestic some factory as the key to save the investment of the measured seal 18 the crankshaft rotary torque testing machine without a try introduction, body parts manufacture its own, basic can meet 19 valve and catheter sealing testing machines use requirement. Current use of the equipment more than 95% 20 engine assembly and testing machine sealing introduction. 21 valve clearance adjustment machine 1.1.3 engine test equipment factory The engine test engine products of the factory is final inspection, in large production, in order to increase the production efficiency and accuracy of the test data, the engine test-bed system to the factory automation system, automatic test bench development factory test-bed system mainly includes three aspects of content. (1) test standard procedure control and various data automatic test. Through the program control, the engine can be set according to the program automatically according to the requirement of the specifications complete test and automatic measurement and data analysis, and all kinds of judgment measurement data stored in a computer inside. (2) the test-bed automatic rapid convergence. Quick connection test in a very short time to finish the various pipe automatic quick connection； The engine test bench in the automatic positioning and clamping； The drive shaft automatic docking and a series of actions, and realize the test bench test installation of automation, reducing the connection in the test of auxiliary time. (3) the engine automatic conveyer. The factory test automation is the third part of the content and automation test-bed for supporting the automatic conveyer line, line type generally USES the product put type friction roller conveyor line. It is equipped with 5 transportation, storage and the function of automatic identification, the control system based on the bed put forward feeding sequence of test bench and the material on the slippery reservoir inventories, the judge recognition engine conveying the signs on the tray, automatic pilot test will be the engine to needed test bench or store material on the slippery, will test the qualified engine to referral point, test unqualified engine to repair station will be empty tray, automatic back to online points. Automatic factory test-bed system in China, began in the 80 s, when some domestic large at the end of the car factory has introduced a small engine test-bed factory automation, such as Beijing jeep car limited company to introduce the Ingersoll rand automation test-bed. Some equipment manufacturer in digest imported technology basis, combining with the actual situation of China imported equipment, the generic now stand, test specification of procedure control, the test data of automatic testing technology and automatic transmission technology in our country is mature, and have a few manufacturer to design, manufacture and application in production. Technical difficulties is rapid convergence technology, especially the drive shaft rapid convergence of torsional vibration resistance and resistance to the excitedself vibration technology, this technology is to be further perfected. If the equipment can localization will make their cost greatly reduce prices for imported equipment, only one over ten, so in China will have broad development prospects. 6 附 录 汽车装配工艺现状 发展趋势和市场预测 摘要 全面阐述了汽车整车、发动机、变速器等关键零部件装配工艺装备概况及制造水平现状，并对未来五年汽车装配工艺装备需求情况进行了分析预测。 (千金难买牛回头 我不需再犹豫 ) 1. 发动机、变速器、后桥等关键零部件及整车装配工艺装备 1.1 发动机装配工艺装备 随着中国汽车工业的快速发展，特别是引进技术和国外二手设备的再利用，使发动机装配的设备水平大幅度提高。发动机装配工艺装备主要分为五个类型：总成和分总成装配线；移载翻转设备；自动拧紧设备；专用装配设备和检测设备。 1.1.1 发动机装配线的型式及发展 (剖析主流资金真实目的，发现最佳获利机会！ )国内各发动机制造企业所采用的发动机装配线 型式较多，大致可归纳为；自由滚道双链桥架小车式；自由滚道单链牵引地面轨道小车式；自由滚道带随行支架地面板式；自由滚道单链牵引地面轨道小车式带随行支架地面板式；悬挂链式等。以上各装配线的主线皆为强制流水 (连续或间歇 )，装配对象与主线的运行是一致的 (同步 )，故称为同步装配线或刚性装配线。随着汽车工业的发展，发动机装配线正由刚性装配线向柔性装配线方向发展，柔性装配线的特点是装配节拍可以在一定的范围内自由调整，可以实现多品种混流生产并适应生产纲领的变化。又由于在装配作业时装配对象和装配工人保持相对静止状态 ，对保证装配的高质量及采用专门的装配设备提供了方便的条件，便于实现装配的自动化。因此国内引进的轿车发动机装配线均采用了柔性装配线 ( 即非同步装配线 )。 目前国内用于发动机装配非同步装配线主要型式有，纵置单滚杠式、摩擦式机动辊道式、双链滚轮式和鳞板式等。一般从美国和日本引进的发动机非同步装配线为摩擦式机动辊道式，如一汽二发和天内；从德国引进的发动机非同步装配线为纵置单滚杠式，如上海大众和一汽大众。大总成 (中型 )非同步装配线在中国的发展，是随着引进轿车技术和国外二手设备再利用而发展起来的。北京内燃机厂和一汽第二 发动机厂在 80 年代末分别引进的美国通用汽车公司 2.0L 发动机生产线及美国克莱斯勒公司的488 发动机生产线， 该两条生产线上总成和分总成装配线采用的就是非同步装配线。这一时间可以说柔性装配线已经在中国中小型机械的装配生产中得以应用，以后国内 7 新建的几个大型发动机厂，如上海大众、一汽大众、天津内燃机厂等发动机装配生产线均采用引进的非同步装配线。我国少数设备生产厂通过对引进技术的消化吸收，已能自行设计和制造这种用于中小机械的非同步装配线，并用于生产中。但与引进的设备相比还有一定的差距，主要问题和技术难点是可靠性差， 辊子和滚杠耐磨强度低，影响设备的使用寿命。目前这种设备仍以引进为主，因此在这方面还有待于进一步研制，采用国产设备将使生产线的成本大大降低，因此在我国有广泛的发展前景。 1.1.2 发动机装配线上的专用装配设备和检测设备 柔性装配线的应用为确保产品高质量、高生产率的专用装配机创造了条件。在轿车发动机装配中普遍地采用了定扭矩的多头螺栓 (母 )扭紧机 (也称装配机 )。拧紧方法采用控制扭矩 转角法，这种方法是目前世界上最先进的螺纹连接方法。此外还采用气门自动装配机、装配机械手、自动涂胶机等设备，这些设备的采用使国内发动机 装配技术水平接近了国外先进水平。在轿车发动机装配中，一些重要的结合面 (如油底壳、水泵壳等与缸体结合面 )，采用了涂密封胶新工艺，取代结合面间的垫片，既简化了生产工艺又提高了密封质量。在关键的装配工序后都设有专门的检查工位，采用自动化检测设备控制装配质量，例如曲轴旋转力矩及轴向间隙的检查、总成密封性检查等。发动机装配主要设备和目前国内