上海版牛津初中英语9 A chapter4（被动语态） .doc

language : passive voicea active and passive sentencesb passive sentences that tell us who or what does somethingc passive verb forms 课标要求掌握的被动语态构成一般现在时：s+am/is /are +done一般过去时：s+was/were +done一般将来时：s+ will+be+ done现在进行时：s+ am/is/are + being + done现在完成时: s+ have/has + been+ done过去进行时: s+ was/were+being+ done情态动词s+can/may/must+be+done语态转换时所注意的问题 o 把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。 wehaveboughtanewcomputer. anewcomputerhasbeenbought.(正确) anewcomputerhavebeenbought.(错误) o 把主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，by短语可以省略。如果原句主语是地点名词，在被动语态中用in+地点名词作状语。如： myauntinvitedmetoherdinnerparty. iwasinvitedtoherdinnerparty (bymyaunt). theschoolsetupaspecialclasstohelppoorreaders. aspecialclasstohelppoorreaderswassetupintheschool. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。 myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday. iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday. 如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说： apresentwasgiventomeyesterday. 注意：一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词to，如： bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,take,teach,tell等。一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词for,如： build,buy,cook,cut,choose,do,fetch,find,fix,get,keep,make,order,paint,play,sing等。 感官动词和使役动词的被动语态see,watch,hear,notice,listento,lookat,make,feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但改成被动语态后都带to，这时不定式为主语补足语，也就是说不定式作主语补足语不存在省略to的问题。 weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar. heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar. theearthquakemadetheroadfallontoanotheronebelow. theroadwasmadetofallontoanotheronebelowbytheearthquake. 由动词+介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉这类动词有： 不及物动词+介词，如:agreeto,askfor,laughat,operatedon,listento,lookafter,thinkof,talkabout等。 及物动词+副词：如：bringabout,carryout,findout,giveup,handin,makeout,passon,pointout,putaway,putoff,thinkover,turndown,workout,turnout等。例句the baby should be looked after well. thesportsmeetwillbeputoff 练习1.the young man was often seen _ by the lake. a. to draw b. to drawing c. draw d. drew2. i believe that these mountains _ with trees in a few years time. a. are covered b. will be covered c. are covering d. will cover 3. after the heros story _ on cctv, many people are learning from him. a. reports b. reported c. was reporting d. was reported4. mr. johnsons story _ by everyone who heard it. a. laughed at b. was laughed c. laughed d. was laughed at5. - how beautiful our hometown is! - yes, trees and flowers _everywhere. a. can be seen b. can see c. be seen d. cant see6. personal computers _ in 1976. it has changed the whole world. a. have been invented b. are invented c. were invented d. invented 7. - i want to be a doctor. - doctors _ greatly in every part of the world , i think. a. need b. are needed c. are needing d. will need8. the village is building a school. i hope it _ before august this year. a. finishes b. will finish c. is finished d. will be finished9. i know she wont come to join us unless she _ to. a. t