英语国家概况复习提纲.doc

2011年英语国家概况复习提纲（2010级1、2、3、4班）一、考试题型1、选择题（10%）：10个小题，每题1分。2、判断正误题（10%）：10个小题，每题1分。3、术语翻译（英译汉10%）：10术语，每个术语1分。4、名词解释（20%）：5个术语，每个4分。5、简答题（30%）：6个小题，每题5分。6、论述题（20%）：1个小题。二、考试范围美国部分全部10章，英国部分前4章（第一至第四章）、2000年2010年八级考试中关于英语国家概况试题。三、考试依据教材、课件PPT、历年八级考试中关于英语国家概况试题四、考试重点1、重点翻译术语：(1) New Frontier 新边疆(2) the Civil Rights Movement 民权运动(3) the Great Society 伟大社会(4) the Counterculture Movement 反主流文化运动(5) the New Left Movement 新左派运动(6) the Anti-War Movement 反战运动(7) the Strategic Defence Initiative 战略防御措施(8) the Populist Party人民党(9) Star Wars星球大战(10) Monroe Doctrine门罗主义(11) Truman Doctrine 杜鲁门主义(12) the Marshall Plan 马歇尔计划(13) the Missile Crisis 导弹危机(14) the House Un-American Activities Committee 众议院非美活动调查委员会(15) WASP 白人盎格鲁撒克逊新教徒(16) indentured servants 契约佣工(17) the Civil War 美国内战(18) the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People 全国有色人种协进会(19) model minority 模范少数族裔(20) Indian Reservations 印第安人保留区(21) Gold Rush淘金热(22) Supreme Court最高法院(23) the Court of Appeals 上诉法院(24) the District Court地区法庭(25) judicial review 司法复审(26) the House of Representatives 众议院(27) chief justice 首席大法官(28) associate justice 大法官(29) the Articles of Confederation 邦联条例(30) winner-take-all 赢者通吃 / （美国总统选举中）胜者获得所有选举人选票(31) grants-in-aid programs联邦拨款项目(32) the midterm election中期选举(33) Watergate Scandal水门事件丑闻(34) Electoral College选举人团(35) laissez faire自由放任(36) post-industrial society后工业社会(37) Sherman Antitrust Act谢尔曼反托拉斯法(38) New Deal新政(39) National Labor Relations Board全国劳工关系委员会(40) Social Security system 社会保障制度(41) Food Stamp食物劵(42) Aid to Families with Dependent Children未成年人家庭援助计划(43) original jurisdiction 初审管辖权(44) grand jury 大陪审团(45) petit jury 小陪审团(46) the Department of Justice 司法部(47) the Attorney General 司法部长 / 总检察长(48) the Solicitor General 司法部副部长 /副总检察长(49) Common Law 习惯法(50) civil law 民法(51) criminal law 刑法(52) the Federal Bureau of Investigation美国联邦调查局(53) due process of law 正当法律程序(54) charter school 特许公立学校(55) school voucher 教育劵 (56) associate degree 准学位(57) community college 社区大学(58) the Bilingual Education Act 双语教育法(59) affirmative action program 积极行动方案(60) reverse discrimination 反向歧视(61) compulsory education 义务教育(62) city upon a hill 山巅之城(63) the Great Awakening 大觉醒运动(64) rummage sales 旧杂物义卖(65) the Grand Canyon 大峡谷(66) British Commonwealth英联邦(67) God save the King /Queen 天佑吾王(68) the Stars and Stripes星条旗(69) E pluribus unum合众为一(70) the Good Friday Agreement北爱尔兰和平协议(71) Magna Carta（英国）大宪章(72) shadow cabinet影子内阁(73) the House of Lords 贵族院 / 上议院(74) Lords Spiritual 神职贵族(75) Lords Temporal 俗职贵族(76) the House of Commons下议院(77) Constitutional Monarchy君主立宪制(78) the Prime Minister首相(79) the Department of State国务院(80) Secretary of Commerce商务部长2、重点名词解释术语(1) American Dream(2) WASP(3) judicial review(4) federalism(5) the midterm election(6) Electoral College(7) laissez faire(8) New Deal(9) Medicare(10) Medicaid(11) grand jury(12) petit jury (13) the adversary system(14) affirmative action program(15) reverse discrimination(16) Manifest Destiny(17) British Commonwealth(18) protestantism(19) Group Eight(20) the Union Flag3、简答题复习范围（共24题）1. 关于英国部分(1) What influences the climate in the UK? (Unit 1)(2) What are the key elements in “Britishness” that the citizens of the UK share? (Unit 2)(3) It is said that British history has been a history of invasions. What are the major invasions in the history? (Unit 3)(4) What are the four major characteristics of the British Constitution? (Unit 4)(5) What are the functions of Parliament? How does the law-making process? (Unit 4)2. 关于美国部分(6) Describe the four recognizable and definable topographic regions in the United States. (Unit 1)(7) What makes the Northeast stand out as a unique cultural region? (Unit 1)(8) How did the South and the North differ from each other in their economic development before the Civil War? (Unit 2)(9) From what parts of Europe did immigrants mainly come in the 17th, 18th and much of the 19th centuries? (Unit 3)(10) How is the President elected? What are the presidential elections proceedings? (Unit 4)（答案以ppt为准）(11) What qualifications does one need in order to vote in the U.S.? (Unit 4)(12) What are the powers of the US president? (Unit 4)(13) What was Alexander Hamiltons plan for the development of the new Republic? (Unit 5)(14) What are the main characteristics of the post-industrial society? (Unit 5)（答案以ppt为准）(15) What were the two key traditional attitudes of Americans towards social services? (Unit 6)(16) What are the main areas covered by social security in the U.S.? (Unit 6)(17) The U.S. has a three-tiered national court system. What are the three levels? (Unit 7)(18) What are the four categories of institutions in the higher education system in the United States? (Unit 8，参考答案见ppt)(19) What reforms have been made in the United States over the past several decades for its public schools? (Unit 8) (20) What are the major differences between Roman Catholicism and Protestantism? (Unit 9)Answer for reference: Both Roman Catholicism and Protestantism are branches of Christianity. Their differences lie mainly in two aspects. First, according to Roman Catholicism, the Pope is the authority of Gods revelation, while Protestantism believes that the Bible is the only source of revelation. Second, in Roman Catholicism, there is an episcopal hierarchy, while Protestantism believes in the universal priesthood of all the believers. (21) In what ways do American parents try to instill independent spirit in their children? (Unit 10) Answer for reference: America parents try to instill independent spirit in their children in three ways. First, they expect their children to find part-time jobs. Second, they expect their children to leave home at an earlier age than in most other countries. Third, they expect their children to contribute to or pay for things that go beyond food, clothing, and shelter when they are above a certain age. (22) Describe the symbols in the national flag of the U.S. and their respective symbolic meanings.（参见ppt的Introdu