新人教版选修八Unit2 Grammar课件.ppt

Unit2CloningGrammar,语法精解(一),1.同位语theAppositive同位语是句子成分的一种,它位于名词、代词后面,说明它们的性质和情况,它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。,同位语的表现形式有以下几种：(1)名词Tom,ourmonitor,isahandsomeboy.(2)代词Imyselfwilldotheexperiment.(3)数词Sheistheoldestamongthemsix.,(4)从句Hetoldmethenewsthattheplanehadexploded.他告诉我飞机爆炸的消息。(5)由suchas,thatis引导Somesubjects,suchasmathsandphysics,areverydifficulttolearn.某些学科,例如数学和物理,是很难学的。,(6)由of引导ThecityofBeijinghasbeengreatlychangedsince2000.自从2000年以来,北京市发生了很大的变化。,(7)由or引导Thefreezingtemperature,orfreezingpoint,isthetemperatureatwhichwaterfreezesunderordinarypressure.结冰温度即冰点,是水在常压下结冰时的温度。,一.指出下例句子划线部分是什么句子成份。1.ThereisgoingtobeaChinesefilmtonight.()2.SheistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.(),配套练习(一),表语,谓语,3.Herwishistobecomeateacher.()4.He,mybrother,managedtofinishtheworkintime.()5.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.(),表语,同位语,状语,6.WefounditimportanttolearnEnglish.()7.Doyouhaveanythingelsetowash?()8.Tobehonest,yourwritingisntsogood.(),形式宾语,定语,插入语,9.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyourname?()10.Theynoticedamanentertheroom.(),间接宾语、直接宾语,宾语补足语,1.Myperformanceinthedrivingtestdidntreachtherequiredstandard,_,Ifailed.A.intheendB.afterallC.inotherwordsD.atthesametime,C,二.单项填空,2.Meetingmyuncleafteralltheseyearswasanunforgettablemoment,_Iwillalwaystreasure.(NMET2002)A.thatB.oneC.itD.what,B,1.OnmywayhomeImetanoldfriendofmy.2.Theypaidnoattentiontothedoctorsadvicetheyshouldstopsmoking.,三.单句改错,第二个my改为mine,在they前加that,2.同位语从句theAppositiveclause(1)同位语从句的定义在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句的一种。它在句中起同位语的作用。,语法精解(二),它一般放在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,belief,thought,doubt,promise,question等名词的后面,对前面的名词作进一步的解释,说明前面名词的具体含义。引导同位语从句的词有连词that,连接副词how,when,where,whether,what等。,e.g.Thehopethathemayrecoverisnotgoneyet.Theproblemwhetherweshouldcontinuetodotheexperimenthasbeensolved.Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomeback.,同位语从句有时被别的词把它和名词隔开：,注意:,ThestorygoesthatWilliamTellkilledthekingwithanarrow.Wordcamethattheirteamhadwon.,同位语从句的表现形式:由that引导Thefactthatyouhaventenoughtimetodotheworkissimplyunbelievable.Thehopethathemaycomehereisnotgoneyet.,ThenewsthathehasbeenelectedpresidentoftheUnitedStatesistrue.Thetruththatheavyobjectsandlightobjectsfallatthesamespeedisknowntoall.Theproblemthatshelaterdevelopedaseriouslungdiseasebotheredscientists.,由whether引导Thequestionwhetherweneedmoretimetodotheworkhasnotbeendiscussed.由when引导Ihavenoideawhentheywillgo.,有时可用namely(即),thatistosay(也就是说),inotherwords(换句话说),thatis(那就是),forexample等引出同位语,说明其前面的名词或代词。有时同位语直接跟在名词或代词的后面。,Hetoldusthegoodnews,namely,themuseumisopentoall.ThereisonlyonewayofimprovingyourEnglish,thatis,topracticemore.AltogetherDollyhadlivedforsixyears,halfthelengthofthelifeoftheoriginalsheep.,同位语从句与定语从句的区别:同位语从句与定语从句在使用中常常混淆,我们可以从以下几个方面区别它们:同位语从句说明的名词大都是抽象名词;定语从句所修饰、限定的名词或代词有抽象的也有不抽象的。,WeexpressthehopethattheywillcometovisitChinaagain.(同位语从句)Thosewhowanttogopleasesigntheirnameshere.(定语从句),同位语从句所说明的名词与从句没有逻辑关系；定语从句所限定的名词是从句逻辑上的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。,Thenewsthattheywonthematchistrue.(同位语从句,news和从句没有逻辑关系)Thenewsthatyoutoldusyesterdayistrue.(定语从句,news是told的逻辑宾语),Theorderwhenweshouldgobackhasntreachedus.(同位语从句,order和从句没有逻辑关系)ThedaywhenNewChinawasfoundedwillneverbeforgotten.(定语从句,day是founded的逻辑状语),同位语从句主要由连接词that引导,有时也可用when,where,who,whether等引导;定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导。Thenheraisedthequestionwheretheyweretogetthemachineneeded.Doyouknowtheplacewherehewasborn?,引导同位语从句的连词不可省略;引导定语从句的关系代词作宾语时常可省略。Thenewsthathehasbeenelectedmonitorofourclassistrue.Thenews(that)hetoldmeisexciting.,同位语从句与先行词一般可变成一个完整句子,谓语动词用be的不同形式。Heheardthenewsthattheirteamhadwon.此句可以变为一个表语从句:Thenewswasthattheirteamhadwon.,练习,1.TwofifthsofallgirlsinAmericaareonadiet./Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.,ThefactthattwofifthsofallgirlsinAmericaareonadietworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.,把下面两个句子连成一个含同位语从句的复合句。,2.TheQueenofEnglandwasonafour-dayvisitinChina./Weheardthenewslastnight.,WeheardthenewslastnightthattheQueenofEnglandwasonafour-dayvisitinchina.,3.Teenagersshouldntspendtoomuchtimeonline./ManyChineseparentsholdtheview.,ManyChineseparentsholdtheviewthatteenagersshouldntspendtoomuchtimeonline.,4.Timetravelispossible./Wehavenoscientificprooffortheidea.,Wehavenoscientificprooffortheideathattimetravelispossible.,5.Studentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime./Thesuggestioniswelcomedbymanypeople.,Thesuggestionthatstudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetimeiswelcomedbymanypeople.,6.Wedontthinkyoutwohavemetbefore.我们想你们两位以前没有见过面。(宾语从句),翻译句子,并说明这个名词性从句的作用。,7.ItiscertainthatJohnwilldowellinhisexam.约翰肯定会考好。(主语从句)8.Whethertheyarecomingornotdontmattertoomuch.他们来不来无关紧要。(主语从句),9.Nowiswhenweneedhimmost.现在是我们最需要他的时候。(表语从句)10.Ihavenoideahowshegotthroughtheforest.我不知道她是如何穿过那个森林的。(同位语从句),11.Thefactthattheywontheprizemadeushappy.他们获奖的事实令我们高兴。(同位语从句),用适当的连接代词或连接副词填空。12.Icantdecide_bookIshouldbuy.13.Chinaisnolonger_itusedtobe.14.Iamveryinterestedin_heimprovedhisEnglishinsuchashorttime.15._weneedismoremoney.,which,what,how,What,16.Thetruth_theearthturnsaroundthesunisknowntous.17._and_wewillmeethasnotbeendecidedyet.,that,When,where,用名词性从句完成下列句子。18.Thenews_(她通过了高考)isexciting.19.Mikemadeapromise_(他将帮助我学习英语),thatshehaspassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination,thathewouldhelpmewithmyEnglish.,指出划线部分是什么从句。20.ThefactthatGreatBritainismadeupthreecountriesisknowntous.21.Thecontinentthatconsistsoftwocountriesisdevelopingveryfast.,(同位语从句),(定语从句),22.Thenewsthattheplanewilltakeoffontimemakeseverybodyhappy.23.Thenewsthatisspreadingaroundthecountryisthataheavystormiscoming.,(同位语从句),(定语从句,表语从句),24.Thesuggestionthatweshouldlearnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering.,(同位语从句),25.Oneofthemheldtheview_thebooksaidwasright.A.whatthatB.thatwhatC.thatD.whether,单项选择,26.Thereason_hehastogois_hismotherisillinbed.A,why;whyB.why;becauseC.why;thatD.that;because27.Theyreceivedorders_theworkbedonerightaway.A.whichB.thatC./D.when,28.Ihavenoidea_.A.howtodoB.whenshallwestartoutforthetripC.whathashappenedtomywifeD.howmuchhavetheyearned,29.Ithink_certainthatshewilldowellinherexam.A.thatB.thisisC.itD.whats30.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome_Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfar-awayvillage.A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where,31.Hesgothimselfintoadangeroussituation_hewaslikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.A.whereB.whichC.whatD.why32.Thatstheonlything_hecandonowA.whichB.allC.thatD.what,33.Informationhasbeenputforward_moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as34.Alongwiththeletterwashispromise_hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether,35.Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars_roadconditionsneed_.A.that;tobeimprovedB.which;tobeimprovedC.where;improvingD.when;improving,36.Alongwiththeletterwashispromise_hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.(2004春季上海)A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether,答案B。这是一个同位语从句,解释promise的具体内容,要用that引导。,高考题,37.Someresearchersbelievethatthereisnodoubt_acureforAIDSwillbefound.(05广东卷)A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether,38.Danbyleftwordwithmysecretary_hewouldcallagainintheafternoon.（05浙江卷）AwhoBthatCasDwhich,39.Dorissuccessliesinthefact_sheisco-operativeandeagertolearnfromothers.(06年上海春招）A.whichB.thatC.whenD.why,40.Doyouhaveanyidea_isactuallygoingonintheclassroom?（05辽宁卷）AthatBwhatCasDwhich,41.Theresafeelinginme_wellneverknowwhataUFOisnotever.(2002年上海)A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.what,解析:答案A。同位语从句thatwellneverknowwhataUFOisnotever作afeeling的同位语，解释afeeling的具体内容。that连接同位语从句时，只起连接作用，不作从句的任何成分。,42.Informationhasbeenputforward_moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.(2001年上海)A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as,解析：答案B。That引导从句作information的同位语，解释inf