大学体验英语4答案(第三版).doc

1Lead-in: 1. hold2. supposed3. absent-minded4. dependable5. responsible6. boring 7. engineers are assumed to have a good profession 8. as people dont know the importance of engineers in society2: 1. Whats the main idea of this passage? Answer: Working fathers have received little media attention in the US and they have been given little cultural recognition, which is a kind of prejudice against those working dads. 2. Whats the author s attitude toward working dads? Answer: She thinks that working fathers are unsung heroes. They deserve our recognition and our thanks for what they do. 3. What evidence does the author use to illustrate that the importance of fathers is being diminished by American media? Answer: 1) The absence of the father in the movie Toy Story. 2) A lot of media stories about the struggles of working mothers. 3) The negative image of fathers in the media (abusive husbands or deadbeat dads). 4) At-home dads are praised by the media. 5) Our society acts as if career satisfaction is above everything else for a man. 6) At-home wives are regarded as “status symbols” by American media. 4. Do you agree with the author in saying that“the absence of fathers from households causes serious problems for children and, consequently, for society at large?” Can you list some of the problems? Answer: open 5. Whats the authors purpose in writing this article? Answer: To appeal to society to recognize the value of working fathers.3: 4: Answer: 1. media 2. images 3. abusive 4. fulfilling 5. recognition 6. status 7. stresses 8. aware 9. Deserve5: Answer: 1. obligation2. applauded3. fulfilled4. mirror5. flexibility 6. devalue7. striving8. entailed9. supposedly10. Consequently6: Answer: 1. referred to as2. at best3. by the same token4. at large5. held up . as7: Answer: 1. suffer stress 2. support a family 3. take on a burden / responsibility 4. fullfill responsibility / a commitment 5. deserve support / recognition / attention / appreciation 6. afford luxury 7. merit attention / recognition / appreciation 8. make a commitment 9. give recognition / support 10 . show appreciation / recognition8: 1. 随着职务的提升，他担负的责任也更大了。(take on) Answer: With his promotion, he has taken on greater responsibilities. 2. 他感到没有必要再一次对约翰承担这样的责任了。(make a commitment) Answer: He felt he did not have to make such a commitment to John any more. 3. 闲暇时玛丽喜欢外出购物，与她相反，露茜却喜欢待在家里看书。(as opposed to) Answer: Mary likes to go shopping in her spare time, as opposed to Lucy, who prefers to stay at home reading. 4. 说得好听一些，可以说他有抱负，用最糟糕的话来说，他是一个没有良心 (conscience) 且没有资格的权力追求者。(at best, at worst) Answer: At best he s ambitious, and at worst a power-seeker without conscience or qualifications. 5. 我们已尽全力想说服他，但是却毫无进展。(strive, make no headway) Answer: We have striven to the full to convince him, but we have made no headway.11: Men Are Different from Women in Many Ways Traditionally, men and women were seen as opposite poles of a magnet. Men were strong, women were weak; men were the breadwinners, women were the homemakers; men were rational, women were emotional. In accordance with these beliefs, men fi lled the leadership positions in society, as well as the majority of positions that required courage, clear-thinking and intellect. Women took on the nurturing, caring or supportive jobs such as nurse, teacher, assistant. However, modern society has greatly challenged these perceived differences between men and women. These days gender roles are becoming less clear. Women are moving into the male-dominated occupations and proving that they can be equally successful in these fields. Moreover, some men are taking on the homemaker role and finding that it suits them. In some cultures, for example the Naxi culture of southwestern China, women have always been the head of the household and responsible for both work and finance. So, are men and women really all that different? From the changing perspectives toward this question, it would seem that socialization plays a large role in defining masculinity and femininity in any given time period and in any given culture. In other words, perhaps men and women are not that different after all. 13: Answer: 1. redefined2. sphere3. accomplishment4. opposite5. playmates 6. emotionally7. equality8. initiative9. status10. Change14: Answer: 1. equality2. sustained3. clue4. expansiveness5. sacked 6. defined7. sphere8. sour9. depressing10. Division15: Answer: 1. in the way2. falling apart3. have ruled out4. at this rate5. took up16: Answer: Synonyms Antonyms 1. intellectual; intelligent; bright 1. active; passive 2. feeling; emotion 2. public; private 3. feed; nurture 3. physical; emotional 4. sack; fire; dump 4. expansive; narrow 5. secretly; quietly 5. traditional; modern 6. sick; ill 6. failure; success 7. weak; strong17: Answer: 越来越多的证据显示男人和女人的想法不同，这似乎适用于偏见这种令人遗憾的情况。密歇根州立大学进化心理学家新的研究显示，男人的偏见倾向于与侵略行为有关，而女人的偏见则倾向于与恐惧有关。这些研究者提出了一种“男人皆武士的假设”，以便解释群体冲突的历史是如何以独特的方式塑造男人和女人的心理世界的。 本质上，男人更有可能发动战争，以保卫他们的群体，有时他们会以一种非常冒险的和自我牺牲的方式来这样做。攻击其他群体意味着有机会补偿这些损失，并且可以有机会得到配偶、领土、资源和地位的提升。与此同时，女人生活在外来侵略者性胁迫的威胁下，对自己的同伙往往容易表现出 “照顾和结友”的反应，而保持一种对陌生人的恐惧以保护她们自己和后代。18: Answer: 1, 2, 4 and 5 are generalizations. To evaluate their worth or accuracy, we may need some concrete figures or facts obtained through scientifi c analysis or survey which support the generalizations.19: 1. The sales of computers have multiplied six times since 1988. Answer: 1988年以来，计算机的销售量增加了五倍。 2. The number of the students enrolled in evening classes has increased more than twofold. Answer: 注册晚间上课的学生人数增加了一倍多。 3. The population of this small town has increased by a factor of four. Answer: 这个小城镇的人口增长了三倍 4. The price of mobile phones was reduced by 70%. Answer: 移动电话的价格降低了70%。 5. If you treble the distance between two objects, their gravitational attraction becomes nine times weaker. Answer: 假如你使两个物体之间的距离增大到三倍，那么它们之间的万有引力就会减小到九分之一。 6. By using an automated assembly line, the assembling time will be reduced five times. Answer: 这条自动装配线使装配时间减少了五分之四。 7. The cost of the new product is only about 25% as much as that of the old one. Answer: 新产品的成本是老产品的25%。 8. The machine improves the working conditions and raises efficiency fourfold. Answer: 这台机器改善了劳动条件，使功效提高了三倍。（功效是原来的四倍）2Lead-in:Answers:1. Born in 1564, died in 1616. He was not born in Tokyo, but in Stratford-on-Avon. 2. His first play was Henry VI (1590), and his first comedy was The Comedy of Errors (1593). Shakespeare was a famous playwright, but not a full-time playwright. 3. The car was not invented then. 4. He didnt travel in Europe. He was not a contemporary of Charles Dickens or William Church.2: Answer: 1.F, 2.F, 3.F, 4.T, 5.F3: 1. According to the writer, what is the big difference between a natural man and a cultured man in terms of love and affection? And why? Answer: A natural man loves his children, but a cultivated man loves his parents. Because the love for the young is natural paternal affection shared by all animals, while the love for the elderly is taught by culture. 2. Why might a Chinese feel deeply regretted if he could not be present when his parents died? Answer: Because he would lose forever the opportunity of caring for his parents, which is believed to be an obligation taken by a cultivated man. 3.What does the writer think of the fact that elderly parents in America are not served by their children? Answer: The writer thinks it is unreasonable, because it is the right elderly parents deserve for they have done so much for their children and it is also the obligation the young should assume for they have received so much care from their parents. 4.There were popular sayings in Chinese culture that “While your parents are alive, do not journey afar,” and “Seeing parents to bed every night and greeting them every morning.” What do you think of these traditional teachings of filial piety? Answer: Open. 5.A more Western approach to nursing care of the aged is popping up in China many elderly people move to the retirement or nursing homes. Do you think such facilities will replace the traditional family caregiving for elderly parents in China? Why? Answer: Open.4: Answer: 1. affection 2. passion 3. cultured 4. young 5. active 6. compliment 7. health 8. moral 9. ashamed 10. Obligation5: Answer: 1. trace 2. mutual 3. arrangement 4. eternally 5. substitutes 6. ultimate 7. attach 8. constantly 9. resemble 10. Commit6: Answer: 1. to take for granted2. in need of3. In the end4. be dependent on5. grew out of6. based upon7: Answer: 1. serve parents 2. commit a sin 3. offer an excuse 4. express regret 5. picture a man 6. enjoy health 7. question wisdom 8. pay a compliment8: 1. 宪法规定公民享有言论自由。(provide for) Answer: The Constitution provides for citizens freedom of speech. 2. 我们在如何养育孩子的问题上有截然不同的看法，因此常发生争吵。(grow out of; bring up) Answer: Our constant quarrels grew out of the diverse ideas on how to bring up children. 3. 我们早在会阅读之前就已经掌握了一些词汇。(long before) Answer: We have learned some words long before we can read. 4. 很多中国家长认为孩子越早上学越好。(the more . the more) Answer: Many Chinese parents think that the earlier children go to school, the better. 5. 新税法不是要惩罚富人，而是要给穷人以公平和机会。(rather) Answer: The new tax law is not to punish the rich. Rather it is to bring justice and opportunity to the poor.10: Mike: I get so nostalgic when I walk through these old buildings. Zhang: But these old buildings are so old. I prefer to be modern and keep up with the times. Mike: People can be modern and still appreciate the past. Zhang: Look how much time, effort, and money goes into restoring an old building, preserving a national park, or teaching students antiquated methods of fine arts. Mike: Its important to understand the historical value of old things. Our society has changed, and with it, many of the products of the former society have died with the changes. Often, all that is left of our forefathers society are these buildings, and the former architecture,culture, and natural wonders. We can learn from these things. Zhang: I just dont like tradition. Id rather keep pace with technology and let those things from the past die with technological advance. You know what they say: “Out with the old, in with the new!” Mike: Why cant we work to keep technological progress but, at the same time, preserve the heritage that our forefathers worked so hard to build? Its possible. Zhang: Yeah, maybe youre right. If we dont preserve our heritage, then the next generation wont preserve our achievement, either. I guess we can study our own history by protecting some things that are old by our standards. Mike: We dont have to sacrifice modern technology to do that. Zhang: Yeah, youre right, again. Do you want to go to a museum this weekend?11: Importance of Culture in Business Culture plays an important role in business. In different cultures there are different ideas about when meetings should be scheduled, how much notice should be given, where people should be seated and how the negotiations should proceed. During the negotiations there are also vast cultural differences in what is considered appropriate language, communication style and body language. For example, some cultures value eye contact, others do not. Some cultures use “yes” as an acknowledgement of what the person has said, others use “yes” only for agreement. Social conventions of greeting, dressing, eating and entertaining also vary considerably amongst cultures and these are important to learn since a lot of business takes place while having dinner or enjoying drinks together. If a businessman attempts a cross-cultural business partnership without an adequate awareness of his associates culture, he is likely to encounter misunderstanding and may even cause offence. This will damage and may even end the business relationship. Therefore, cultural differences must be carefully handled when a business man is doing business with people from different countries.13: 1. Why did the author visit Russia? Answer: To provide some technical assistance in the area of agricultural labor management. 2. Why did Yielena not decline his offer? Answer: She did not want to make their guest feel embarrassed. 3. How can we get to understand other cultures according to the author? Answer: By reading and listening to what culture experts say, above all, by observing and comparing. 4. What do the cultural differences listed in the passage suggest? Answer: These cultural differences do exist but they are incomplete and superficial.14: Answer: 1. embarrassed 2. tutor 3. potential 4. hence 5. yield 6. affection 7. appropriate 8. presentation 9. romantic 10. Recommendation15: Answer: 1. in terms of 2. participating in 3. get down to 4. base . on 5. acts on16: Answer: 1. courtesy 2. gentleman 3. embarrass 4. education 5. personality 6. behavior 7. affection 8. satisfy 9. Appropriate17: Answer:在西方，老人将自己隐于子女的生活之外，他们宁愿住在有烹饪室的旅馆。出于大公无私的愿望，老人不愿拖累子女，不愿去干涉子女的家庭生活。其实他们有干涉的权利，这种干涉即使会使子女不快，但确属十分自然。因为一切生活，尤其是家庭生活，本是一门学习克制的课程。父母曾为我们付出极大的辛劳，如果我们在他们晚年时尚不能容忍他们，那我们在家庭中还能容忍谁呢？骨肉的情爱侍奉，岂是旅馆侍从，哪怕是最佳侍从，所能替代的？18:Answer: 1. opinion (strange) 2. fact 3. opinion ( share a number of unusual characteristics) 4. fact 5. fact 6. opinion (escape from freedom)19: 1. Petroleum, natural gas and coal come from plants that lived 330 million years ago. Answer: 石油、天然气和煤都是由3亿3千万年以前的植物形成的。 2. Although there exist only about 90 elements in nature, they combine to form thousands of different substances in the world. Answer: 虽然自然界只有大约90种元素，但它们的结合可构成世界上千千万万种不同的物质。 3. Nobels original legacy of nine million dollars was invested, and the interest on this sum is used today for the awards which vary from $30 000 to $ 125 000. Answer: 诺贝尔提供的遗产原数为900万美元，这些钱投资后所得利息用作奖金，奖金的数额从3万美元到12.5万美元不等。 4. Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Answer: 87年前，我们的先辈们在这个大陆上创立了一个新的国家，它孕于自由之中，奉行一切人生来平等的原则。 5. In practice, a rotor weighing about 10 tons and rotating at 3 000 r.p.m. may be so well balanced that the motion, except for sound, is just perceptible. Answer: 实际上，一根重约10吨、每分钟3千转的转子可以平衡得非常好，以至于除了响声外，人们几乎觉察不出它的运转。3Lead-in: Answer: 1. exclusive2. fixed3. authorize4. distributor5. raised6. downloading7. products 8. ordered it to pay $25 000 9. An exact number of CDs and total damages will be determined at a November hearing 10. We believe that everyone should have the right to listen to the music they purchase2: Answer:1. G2. D3. A4. B5. F6. E7. A8. C9. G3: 1. Why was Mr. Hill involved in a legal battle? Answer: Mr. Hill posted on his web site a photograph of an airport security officer conducting a pat-down, which was claimed by The Denver Post. 2. What did Righthaven accuse Mr. Hill of? Answer: He was accused of “willful” infringement. 3. What did Eric Goldman speak in defense of many defendants who violated the copyright law? Answer: They should be exempted from being sued because many of them were ill-informed about the copyright law and they did not violate it intentionally; they simply didnt know the rules. 4. Why do some critics think Righthavens tactics are draconian and not ethical? Answer: Because the company often extracts swift settlement before it is clear to the defendants that there is a violation of federal copyright law. The suits are often filed without warning. 5. How does Righthaven sue for copyright infringement even if it publishes nothing anywhere? Answer: If it finds a newspaper article republished on the Web, it tries to obtain the full ownership of the article, and then it files its suit against the use on the Web. 6. How was the “legal battle” with Mr. Hill resolved? Answer: Shortly after the company was aware of Mr. Hills health problem, they moved voluntarily to drop the suit. 7. What effect does the lawsuit have on Mr. Hill? Answer: Shortly after the company was aware of Mr. Hills health problem, they moved voluntarily to drop the suit. Redo Check it4: Answer: infringement,copyrighted,ultimately,echoed,contended,diminish,ill-informed, ownership, revive, links5: Answer: 1. infringed 2. echoed 3. excerpted 4. qualify 5. legal 6. revived 7. accused 8. tactics 9. diminished 10. Fraudulent6: Answer: 1. looking into 2. accused of 3. grapple with 4. presided over 5. steer clear7: Answer: 1. be accused of infringement 2. constitute the fair use 3. compete with a newspaper 4. file a lawsuit 5. diminish the market value 6. obtain the copyright 7. revive the Web site 8. seek damages 9. demand forfeiture 10. reap the benefi t 11. take down the photo 12 . preside over the case8: 1. 你应该及时掐掉凋谢的花朵。(pluck off) Answer: You should pluck off the dead fl owers in time. 2. 我认为你所说的实在算不上一个答案。(qualify as) Answer: I dont think what you said really qualifi es as an answer. 3. 我们的喊声在寂静的大街上回荡。(echo) Answer: Our shouts echoed through the silent streets. 4. 毫无疑问，他的成绩提高了，他又重新燃起了对学习的兴趣。(revive) Answer: There is no doubt that his grades have improved and his interest in learning has revived. 5. 史密斯夫妇已经向离婚法院正式申请离婚。(file for) Answer: The Smiths have fi led for divorce in the divorce court.10: John: Why is it that people have such a difficult t