10.外国语言文学学科综合考试大纲.pdf

1 外国语言文学（外国语言文学（英语语言文学）英语语言文学） 第一章第一章 语言学考试大纲语言学考试大纲 一、一、 考试要点：考试要点： 1 语言学的学科属性语言学的学科属性 1) The Scientific Status of Linguistics 2) Principles of Linguistics: a) Objectiveness b) Exhaustiveness c) Coherence d) Economy 3) Basic Concepts of Linguistics a) Synchrony / diachrony b) langue / parole c) competence / performance d) structure / function e) descriptive / prescriptive 2 语言的基本特征语言的基本特征 1) arbitrariness 2) systematicity 3) vocality 4) symbolicity 5) human-specificity 6) interchangeability 7) structural duality 8) communicative flexibility 3 语言变体与变异语言变体与变异 1) definition of variety 2) classification of varieties 3) description of varieties 4) aspects of linguistic variation 5) internal factors of variation 6) external factors of variation 4 语言的功能语言的功能 1) informative function 2) interrogative function 3) expressive function 4) evocative function 5) directive function 6) commisive function 7) phatic function 8) performatory function 5 语音学与音位学语音学与音位学 2 1) priority of speech 2) mechanisms of speech 3) phonetics and its subdivisions 4) criteria of sound classification 5) phonetic description 6) phonology 7) phonemic features 8) prosodic features 6 语法学语法学 1) definitions of grammar 2) types of grammar 3) components of grammar a) morphology: inflection and derivation b) syntax 4) categories of grammar 5) syntactic analysis 6) textual grammar 7 词汇学词汇学 1) definition of a word 2) morphological structure and word formation 3) semantic motivation 4) semantic features 5) types of semantic change 6) association and collocation 7) English idioms and rhetorical devices 8) British English and American English 8 语义学语义学 1) definition of semantics 2) semantic triangle 3) semantic components 4) semantic analysis 5) sense relations: synonymy/antonymy/polesemy/hyponymy 9 语用学语用学 1) definition of pragmatics 2) speech act theory 3) types of speech acts 4) conversational implicature 5) presupposition 6) entailment 7) deixis 8) discourse 10 语言与社会语言与社会 1) coverage of sociolinguistics 3 2) pidgin and Creole 3) diglossia 4) bilingualism 11 语言与心理学语言与心理学 1) definition of psycholinguistics 2) language perception 3) language production 4) language acquisition 12 语言与文化语言与文化 1) definition of ethnolinguistics 2) relationship between language and culture 3) linguistic determinism 4) linguistic relativity 二、二、 参考书目参考书目 1. R. H. Robins Linguistics: An Introduction 2. G . Yule The Study of Language 3. J. Lyons Language and Linguistics 4. 胡壮麟等胡壮麟等 语言学教程语言学教程 5. H. G . Widdowson Linguistics 第二章第二章 英美文学 （美国文学部分）考试大纲英美文学 （美国文学部分）考试大纲 一考试要点一考试要点 I. American Puritanism 1. Jonathan Edwards Personal narrative 2. Benjamin Franklin The Autobiography II. American Romanticism 1. Washington Erving The Legend of Sleepy Hollow 2. James Fenimore Cooper The Pioneers III. New England Transcendentalism 1. Ralph Waldo Emerson Nature The American Scholar 2. Henry David Thoreau Walden 3. Edgar Allan Poe The Raven The Fall of House of Usher 4. Nathanial Hawthorne The Scarlet Letter 5. Herman Melville MobyDick 6. Walt Whitman Song of Myself 7.Emily Dickinson Poems in Selected Readings in American Literature by Chang Yaoxin IV. The Age of Realism 1. Mark Twain The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn 2. Henry James The Ambassadors V . American Naturalism 1. Theodore Drieiser Sister Carrie 2. Jack London Martin Eden 3. Edwin Arlington Robinson Richard Cory, Minver Cheevy ,Mr. Floods Party 4 V. 20th Century Literature 1. Robert Frost Stopping By Woods on a Snowy Evening, Mending Wall, Design, After Apple Picking 2. Sherwood Anderson Winesberg Ohio 3. Sinclair Lewis Babbit 4. Eugene ONeil Long Days Journey into Neight 5. T. S. Eliot The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, The Waste Land 6. F. Scott Fitzgerald The Great Gatsby 7. Ernest Hemingway A Farewell to Arms, The Sun Also Rises 8. William Faukner The Sound and the Fury, Light in August 9. John Steinbeck The Grapes of Wrath 10. Tennessee Williams The Glass Managerie 11. Arthur Miller Death of Salesman 12. Saul Bellow Herzog, Seize the Day 13. J. D. Salinger The Catcher in the Rye 14. Joseph Heller Catch-22 15. John Updike Rabbit, Run 16. Toni Morrison Song of Soloman 二、参考书目二、参考书目 1. Ronold Gottesman, et al. Norton Anthology of American Literature. W. .W. Norton I am nothing; I see all; the currents of the Universal Being circulate through me; I am part or particle of God. 2. He had been driven hither by the impulse of Remorse which dogged him everywhere, and whose own sister and closely linked companion was that Cowardice which invariably drew him back, with her tremulous gripe, just when the other impulse had hurried him to the verge of disclosure. II. Choose one of the following topics and write a short essay of about three hundred words, with reference at least to three works you have learned in the course of American literature. 1. The Frustration of American Dream 2. God, Man and Nature 3. Contrast the meaning of Death of Arthur Dimmesdale, Hurstwood and that of Gatsby. 第二章第二章 英美文学 （英国文学部分）考试大纲英美文学 （英国文学部分）考试大纲 总的要求：总的要求： 考生须联系英美文学各个阶段的历史背景及思想潮流， 掌握重要文学流派， 重要作家及 其作品，并能对重要作品进行分析和评论。 考试要点：考试要点： 英国文学部分：英国文学部分： I. The Anglo-Saxon Period (450-1066) 1. Historical background of OE literature 2. Important writers Bede, Caedmon, Cynewulf, King Alfred 3. Important works Beowulf (The significance of this poem, its pagan and Christian elements, artistic features) .The ME Period (1066-1500) 1. Historical background 6 (The compact of the Norman Conquest on English society, on English and on Literature) 2. Important Writers : Chaucer, Langland 3. Important works: Sir Gawain and the Green Knight ; Piers the Plowman; The Canterbury Tales: General Prologue . 4. Questions: a. How does ME poetry differ from OE poetry? b. Comment on Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, What new elements are introduced into this poem? c. Comment on the Canterbury Tales, What is its general structure? Give examples to illustrate the shift of tones, What is the significance of this poem? .The English Renaissance (1500-1660) 1. Historical Background Renaissance in Europe, and its significance. The Puritan Revolution 2. Important writers and their works i. Edmund Spenser and his the Faerie Queene, Bookl Spenser s original plan ,and the stanza form he invented in this poem .Comment on Book One ,What is the nature of the poem ?The basic story and the symbolic meaning ,The language and the imagery etc . ii. Marlowe and his Doctor Faustus The story and the themes of the play, Marlowes strengths and weakness iii. Shakespeare and his plays, The Merchant of V enice, Hamlet, Macbeth, Sonnets 18,29. Shakespeares four periods of writing, typical works in each period, His Renaissance ideas as shown in his plays. The plot of each listed play, where is the climax reached? Explain the complicated character of the heroes and heroines. How does the soliloquy reveal the character of the speaker? Give examples etc. Shakespeares achievement. The four types of play. iv. The Metaphysical Poets: John Donne and Andrew Marvel Donne: Song: Go and Catch a Falling Star; V alediction: Forbidding Mourning; Death Be Not Proud Andrew Marvell: To His Coy Mistress v. Ben Jonson: V olpone To Celia The difference between Jonsons comedy and Shakespeares comedy. What is satirized in V olpone? Johnsons attitude torward Renaissance. vi. Cavalier Poets: Lovelace: To Lucasca, Going to the Wars. Herric: To the Virgins: to Make Much of Time vii. Milton: Paradise lost, Books, I 、IV、 X、XII、 Discuss epic conventions used in PL, Study 7 Satans Character. Compare Satans fall with Mans fall, Miltons achievement. viii. Francis Bacon: Of Studies Summarize Bacons view on studies. Discuss the chief features of his style. ix John Bunyan: The Pilgrims Progress The significance of the PP. The allegorical meaning of the book. IV . The Restoration and the 18th century (16601798) 1、Historical background Enlightenment and its effect upon literature 2、Neoclassicism 3、Important writers Alexander Pope: An Essay on Man; The Rape of the Lock What was Popes view on mans position in the universe? What is a mock epic? Point out the epic devices used in RL. What effects are achieved by the employment of epic devices? Popes attitude toward the world he describes? ii. Jonathan Swift: A Modest Proposal; Gullivers Travels Satirical devices used in GT. Purpose of the author. Swifts view on man. The function of Gulliver. The relationship betweeu Swift and the narrator. iii. Daniel Defoe Moll Flankers Comment on the novel, on the heroine Moll. What is the significance of this character? Defoes style as a novelist. How does he differ from his successors? iv. Samuel Johnson Letter to Chesterfield; The Preface to Shakespeare. Johnson as a critic, his view on literature, on Shakespeare. v. Henry Fielding Tom Jones, A foundling The whole story, the structure. Analyze the character of Tom Jones. Point out examples to illustrate Fieldings humor and satire. etc. vi. Thomas Gray (Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard) Disuss the shift toward Romanticism in the secord half of the 18th century. What is the general mood of the poem? Ideas expressed in the poem? Point out romantic as well as classical elements in the poem etc. vii. Robert Burns and his short lyrics: Feafures of Burns Poetry. The significance of Burns in the history of English Literature. viii. William Blake Songs of Innocence, Songs of Experience Discuss Their difference in mood, in theme, in style. Choose some poems from the two Cole citrons of poems to illustrate the difference. What does the difference indicate? V . Age of Romanticism(17981832) 1. Historical and Intellectual background 8 2. Romanticism The meaning and the special characteristics of Romanticism. Explain the difference between classicism and Romanticism 3. Important writers i. William Wordsworth: Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey; Intimations of Immortality, The Prelude, Book I; Preface of Lyrical Ballads. Wordsworths view on poetry. The significance of Preface of lyrical Ballads. Make an analysis of the listed poems. What was Wordsworths view of nature, Childhood and immortality? Pay attention to his rhythm, language, esp, his imagery. ii. Coleridge: Biographia Literaria, chs XIV; XVll; The Rime of the Ancient Mariner. In what respect is this poem romantic? Comment on the thought and the style of the poem. What is Coleridges view of poetry? Any difference from Wordsworths? How is his view on poetry reflected in his poems? iii. Byron: Chilled Harold, Canto ；Don Juan, 14; She walks in Beauty. How was Byron different from other romantic poets? What is the general Chara cter of his work? In what kind of poetry does he excel? Describe the typical Byronic hero. Compare his with Shelley typical Byronic hero. Compare him with Shelley. iv. Shelley: A Defense of poetry; Ode to the West wind. What are the chief Characteristics of shelleys poetry? Comment on his thought, poetic form and imagery. Compare Shelleys view of nature as reflected in “The West Wind” with Words Worths view. to a Grecian urn. v. Kits: ode to a Nightingale; To Autumn, How does Kits differ from Shelley in descsibing nafare? Use examples to illustrate your view. vi. Jane Auster: Pride and Prejudice the social hierarchy in Pride and Prejudice The social values and their relationship with marriage. Austins attitude towards these values and institutions . What social class or classes do the main, characters belong in? How does this fact shape the characters values and behavior. What does Auster approve of and disapprove of concerning marriage? What does she mean by “gentility” “good breeding” “ladies” and “gentlemen” .Analyze Elizabeth ,Compare his with other characters in the novel . Comment on the structure of the novel, the function of dialogue, the themes, the irony characterization, What does Austere satirize in the novel? vii: Walter Scott: Ivan hoe Scotts contribution to the historical novel, Does the novel help you to have a better understanding of the social conflict in the 12Th century? Are there romantic elements in the novel? How does Scott differ from Austin in novel writing? .The Victorian Age (1832-1901) a. Historical background and important thinkers. 9 b. Important writers: i. Tension: Ulysses, In Homeroom How does “Ulysses ”reflect the age in which Tension lived and his own state of mind? ii. Browning: My last Duchess; The Bishop orders his Tomb at St., Praxes s church. Compare Browning s dramatic monologue with Tensions. What is borrowings A TT: tube toward the duke and the bishop? How is this conveyed to the reader? iii. Arnold The Scholar Gypsy; Dover Beach Culture and Anarchy. Aarons view on poetry. According to Arnold, England was in a state of anarchy what has caused it? How does his poem.“Decor Beach ”reflect the spiritual unrest of his time ?What images is used? iv. Dickens Hard Times Great Expectations David Copper field The Story, themes, structure, characters of each listed novel. v. Thecae ray V anity Fair Explain the title. What is remarkable in Thackerays style? Compare him with Dickens in their treatment of reality: Comment on the novelists attitude toward the Characters in his novel. Compare Becky and Amelia. vi. Charlotte Bronze Jane Eire vii. Emily Bronze Withering Heights Point out the romantic elements in the two novels. Analyze Jane Ere. Rochester. Heathclitt Study the structure of watering Heights. Does the novel deepen our understanding of mans inner reality? viii. Hardy The Return of the Native Tees of the D Urbervilles Jude the Obscure The theme, structure of each novel, Harrys technique; the functioning of the environment in each of the novels Harrys view on mans fate. What is the cane of tragedy in each novel? . The Twentieth Century 1. Modernism 2. Important writers i . Conrad: Heart of Darkness Comment on the themes and structures of the short novel, Illustrate Canards use of symbolism and issuing Does the novel deeper our understanding of colonialism, of human nature? ii. Joyce Ulysses (excerpts) Explain Blooms stream of conscious ness as he is wandering in Dublin at lunchtime .How does Ulysses differ from Victorian navels? iii. D. H. Lawrence. Sons and Lovers How does Lawrence depict industrialism? Analyze the relationship between wife and husband. Mother and sons. What use does the 10 novel make of the Oedipus complex? How does industrialism affect human relation ship? Pauls love affairs with Miriam and Clara. Compare the two girls what has caused the failure of the two affairs? iv. Years: Among School Children; Sailing to Bygantium the Second Coming Comment on Yeasts symbolic use of language, Why is he regarded a s a modernist poet? What is Years philosophy of history? Does he use stream of consciousness technique in some of his poems? Is there a visionary element in his poetry? What is his view of poetry? v .T. S. Eliot :The love song of J. Alfred Pry frock ; The waste land Discuss the themes of the two poems; the difference between his poetry and traditional poetry in form and imagery; his relationship with French symbolists, English metaphysical poets and modern imaqists, Comment on his language (sudden shift from the formal to the colloquial, allusion irony etc) How is his language related to his theme Bibliography Abrams .M.H (ed.) Norton Anthology of English Literature .New York, W. W. Norton, 1986, Boos, Elisabeth, B. A Brief Introduction to Modern English Literature, Shanghai, Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 1984. Holman, C. Hugh, A Handbook to Literature. Indianapolis, Boobs-Merrill Educational publishing, 1980. Lou , Jiug gun ,新编英国文学选读，Beijing : Beijing University Press ,1996. Je Hares. A.N (ed.) York Notes. Beijing: Lineman and world Book Publishing 1997. Magic, Frank N. (ed.) Masterplots. Englewood Cliffs. Salem, 1976. Scott- Kilvevt, I an (ed.) British writers . New York . Charles Scribers Sons, 1979r. Wang , Pelican, et al 美国文学史及作品选读。长春：东北师大，1992. 世界经典文学作品赏析。北京，外语教学与研究出版社，Simon Schuster ,1996. 第三章第三章 翻译（原理与实践） 考试大纲翻译（原理与实践） 考试大纲 一、考试要点一、考试要点 （一）