（江苏专用）2019高考英语二轮培优复习 专题四 任务型阅读课件.ppt

江苏高考任务型阅读近五年考情分布,从上表可以看出，近五年江苏高考任务型阅读的文章体裁以说明文为主，偶有议论文出现，词数在400500之间，一般都比较难。这类文章结构清晰，很容易把握文章脉络。在题材的选取上更加富有时代气息，更加贴近考生的实际生活。要想任务型阅读得高分，考生必须具备极强的信息转换和概括能力！在复习中，要注意以下几点：1.注意对词义和词性转化的积累，提高对固定搭配的敏感度。2.重视对句子、段落与文章之间的逻辑关系的剖析，多进行概括总结题的训练。3.熟读课文和历年高考真题中的任务型阅读、完形填空和阅读理解经典篇目，培养对原汁原味文章深入理解的语感。,HowArtsPromoteOurEconomyWhenmostpeoplethinkofthearts,theyimaginetheendproduct,thebeautifulpainting，awonderfulpieceofmusic，oranaward-winningperformanceinthetheater.Butartsgroupsbringbroadervaluetoourmunities.Theeconomicimpactoftheartsisoftenoverlookedandbadlyjudged.Theartscreatejobsthathelpdeveloptheeconomy.Anygivenperformancetakesatourbusfullofartists,technicalexperts，managers，musicians,orwriterstocreateanappealingpieceofart.Thesepeopleearnalivingwagefortheirprofessionalknowledgeandskills.,Anothergroupoffolksisneededtohelpmarkettheevent.“Ifyoubuildittheywille”isamisleadingbelief.Painters，digitalmediaexperts,photographers,bookingagentsandpromotersarehiredtosellticketsandpromotetheevent.AccordingtotheDallasAreaCulturalAdvocacyCoalition,artsagenciesemploymorethan10，000peopleasfull-orpart-timeemployeesorindependentcontractors.Asuccessfulartsneighborhoodcreatesarippleeffect(连锁反应)throughoutamunity.In2005,whentheBishopArtsTheatrewasdonatedtoourtown,thelocationwasconsideredapoorareaoftown.Afterinvestingmorethan$1millioninreconstructingthebuilding,webeganproducingafullseasonoftheaterperformances,jazzconcerts,andyear-roundartseducationprogramsin2008.Nearly40percentofjazzloversliveoutsideoftheDallascitylimitsanddriveorflyintoenjoyaneveningintheBishopArtsDistrict.,Nodoubtthetheaterhascontributedtotheareasdevelopmentandeconomicgrowth.Today,therearegalleries,studios,restaurantsandnewlybuiltworkspaceswhereneighborsshareexperiences,wherethereisrenewedlifeandenergy.Inthisway,artsandculturealsoserveasapublicgood.TeCoTheatricalProductionsInc.madeuseofBloombergsinvestmentof$35，000togetnearly$400，000inpublicandprivatesectorsupportduringthetwo-yearperiod.Further,Dallasartsandarts-basedbusinessesproduce$298foreverydollarthecityspendsonartsprogrammingandfacilities.InPhiladelphia,ametroareasmallerthanDallas,theartshaveaneconomicimpactofalmost$3billionandsupport44，000jobs,80percentofwhichactuallylieoutsidetheartsindustry,includingaccountants,marketers,constructionworkers,hotelmanagers,printers，andotherkindsofartworkers.,Theartsareefficienteconomicdriversandwhentheyaresupported，theentiresmall-businessmunitybenefits.Itiswrongtoassumeartsgroupscannotmakeaprofit.Butinordertostayinbusiness,artsgroupsmustproducereturns.Ifyouareastudentstudyingthearts,chancesareyouhavebeenill-advisedtohaveaplanB.Butthosewhotrulyunderstandtheeconomicimpactandcanworktochangethepatternscancreateawiderangeofcareerpossibilities.,【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了艺术是如何促进经济发展的。71.benefit信息转换题。根据第一段第二句“Butartsgroupsbringbroadervaluetoourmunities”可知，从经济方面来讲，我们的社区从艺术中得到了很多的好处。短语benefitfrom“从中受益”，故填benefit。72.Ways信息概括题。根据表格的提示和文章内容可知，此处讲述了艺术推进经济发展的几种途径，故填Ways。73.joint/collective信息转换题。根据文章第二段中的“Theartscreatejobs.anappealingpieceofart”可知，艺术活动需要艺术家、科技专家、经理、音乐家或作家的共同努力，故填joint/collective。,74.promotion/marketing信息查找题。根据文章第三段中的“Anothergroupoffolksisneededtohelpmarkettheevent”可知，还需要另一些人帮助推销，故填promotion/marketing。75.effect信息查找题。根据第四段中提到的一系列数据可推知，艺术有逐渐扩大的影响，故填effect。76.fares信息转换题。根据第四段最后一句“NoenjoyaneveningintheBishopArtsDistrict”可知，除了票的费用之外，一些爵士乐爱好者还要支付往返活动场所的费用，故填fares。77.positive信息概括题。第六段讲述的是艺术方面的投资能够产生潜在的积极的经济效益，故填positive。,78.outside/beyond信息查找题。根据第六段最后一句“.actuallylieoutsidetheartsindustry.”中的outside的提示可知这里填outside/beyond。79.statistics/data/analyses信息概括题。最后一段是总结，上面通过一系列数据来说明艺术能带来经济效益，故填statistics/data/analyses。80.alternative信息转换题。根据文章最后一段中的“Ifyouareastudentstudyingthearts，chancesareyouhavebeenill-advisedtohaveaplanB”可知，艺术生不需要担心他们的工作，他们有选择的机会，故填alternative。,PopulationChangeWhyistheworldspopulationgrowing？Theanswerisnotwhatyoumightthink.Thereasonfortheexplosionisnotthatpeoplehavebeenreproducinglikerabbits，butthatpeoplehavestoppeddroppingdeadlikeflies.In1900，peoplediedattheaverageageof30.By2000theaverageagewas65.Butwhileincreasinghealthwasatypicalfeatureofthe20thcentury，decliningbirthratecouldbeadefiningoneofthe21st.,Statisticsshowthattheaveragenumberofbirthsperwomanhasfallenfrom4.9intheearly1960sto2.5nowadays.Furthermore，around50%oftheworldspopulationliveinregionswherethefigureisnowbelowthereplacementlevel(i.e.2.1birthsperwoman)andalmostalldevelopednationsareexperiencingsub-replacementbirthrate.Youmightthinkthatdevelopingnationswouldmakeuptheloss(especiallysince80%oftheworldspeoplenowliveinsuchnations)，butyoudbewrong.Decliningbirthrateisamajorprobleminmanydevelopingregionstoo，whichmightcausecatastrophicglobalshortagesofworkforcewithinafewdecades.,AgreatdeclineinyoungworkforceislikelytooccurinChina，forinstance.Whatdoesitimply？First，Chinaneedstoundergorapideconomicdevelopmentbeforeapopulationdeclinehitsthecountry.Second，ifotherfactorssuchastechnologyremainconstant，economicgrowthandmaterialexpectationswillfallwellbelowrecentstandardsandthiscouldinvitetrouble.,Russiaisanothercountrywithpopulationproblemsthatcouldbreakitseconomicpromise.Since1992thenumberofpeopledyinghasbeenbiggerthanthatofthosebeingbornbyamassive50%.Indeedofficialfiguressuggestthecountryhasshrunkby5%since1993andpeopleinRussialiveashorterlifenowthanthosein1961.Whyisthisoccurring？Nobodyisquitesure，butpoordietandabovealllong-timealcoholismhavemuchtodowithit.Ifcurrenttrendsdontbend，RussiaspopulationwillbeaboutthesizeofYemensbytheyear2050.,InthenorthofIndia，thepopulationisboomingduetohighbirthrates，butinthesouth，wheremosteconomicdevelopmentistakingplace，birthrateisfallingrapidly.Inafurthertwist，birthrateishighestinpoorlyeducatedruralareasandlowestinhighlyeducatedurbanareas.Intotal，25%ofIndiasworking-agepopulationhasnoeducation.In2030，asixthofthecountryspotentialworkforcecouldbetotallyuneducated.Onesolutionisobviouslytoimportforeignworkersviaimmigration.AsfortheUSA，itisalmostuniqueamongdevelopednationsinhavingapopulationthatisexpectedtogrowby20%from20102030.Moreover，theUSAhasatrackrecordofsuccessfullyacceptingimmigrants.Asaresultitslikelytoseeariseinthesizeofitsworking-agepopulationandtowitnessstrongeconomicgrowthoverthelongerterm.,【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界人口变化的趋势及其原因，并分析了几个国家存在的人口问题。71.lower信息概括题。根据第一段最后一句中的“decliningbirthratecouldbeadefiningoneofthe21st”与第二段第一句“Statisticsshowthattheaveragenumberofbirthsperwomanhasfallenfrom4.9intheearly1960sto2.5nowadays.”可知，21世纪的出生率要比以前低很多，故答案为lower。72.size/scale信息概括题。根据第二段的“almostalldevelopednationsareexperiencingsub-replacementbirthrate”和“Decliningbirthrateisamajorproblem.workforcewithinafewdecades.”可知，发达国家保持人口的现有规模也是困难重重。size/scale表示“尺寸，大小，规模”，符合文意。,73.immediate信息转换题。根据第二段最后一句中的“whichmightcausecatastrophicglobalshortagesofworkforcewithinafewdecades”可知，在发展中国家，出生率下降的影响是灾难性的，但不会立即显现出来，而要等到几十年之后，故答案为immediate。74.economic信息查找题。根据第三段最后一句“Second，ifotherfactorssuchastechnology.thiscouldinvitetrouble.”以及第四段第一句“Russiaisanothercountrywithpopulationproblemsthatcouldbreakitseconomicpromise.”可以看出人口与经济的发展是密不可分的，人口出生率的下降也必将给经济的发展带来压力。75.old/older信息转换题。根据第三段第一句中的“AgreatdeclineinyoungworkforceislikelytooccurinChina”可知，中国的青壮年劳动力可能会大幅度减少，即劳动力老龄化，故答案为old/older。,76.earlier信息转换题。根据第四段中的“peopleinRussialiveashorterlifenowthanthosein1961”可知，俄罗斯人的寿命比1961年短了许多，即很多人早逝，故答案为earlier。77.living/life信息概括题。根据第四段中对俄罗斯人的不良饮食习惯和酗酒的描述可以看出，他们的生活方式需要改变。wayofliving/life“生活方式”。78.equality信息概括题。根据第五段中对于印度人口出生率以及经济发展与教育的关系的叙述可以得出这样的结论：印度若能实现公民受教育机会的平等化，它的经济会有大的增长。equality“平等”，符合文意。,79.immigration信息查找题。根据最后一段第一句“Onesolutionisobviouslytoimportforeignworkersviaimmigration.by20%from2010-2030.”可知，通过移民这种方法美国在2010年至2030年中将使人口增加20%。80pensate信息概括题。根据最后一段的最后一句“Asaresultitslikelytoseearise.growthoverthelongerterm.”可知，移民可能会带来劳动力人口的增加和经济的迅速增长，从而弥补青壮年劳动力的缺乏。pensate“补偿，弥补”，符合文意。,AnExtensionoftheHumanBrainOtherpeoplecanhelpuspensateforourmentalandemotionaldeficiencies(欠缺)，muchasawoodenlegcanpensateforaphysicaldeficiency.Tobeexact，otherpeoplecanextendourintelligenceandhelpusunderstandandadjustouremotions.Whenanotherpersonhelpsusinsuchways，heorsheisparticipatinginwhatIvecalleda“socialprosthetic(义肢的)system.”Suchsystemsdonotneedtooperateface-to-face，anditscleartomethattheInternetisexpandingtherangeofmyownsocialprostheticsystems.Itsalreadyabigbankofmanyminds.Eveninitscurrentstate，theInternethasextendedmymemoryandjudgment.,Regardingmemory:OnceIlookupsomethingontheInternet，IdontneedtokeepallthedetailsforfutureuseIknowwheretofindthatinformationagainandcanquicklyandeasilydoso.Moregenerally，theInternetfunctionsasifitweremymemory.ThisfunctionoftheInternetisparticularlystrikingwhenImwriting;ImnolongerfortablewritingifImnotconnectedtotheInternet.ItsbeenaturaltocheckfactsasIwrite，takingaminuteortwotodipintoPubMed，Wikipedia，orotherwebsites.,Regardingjudgment:TheInternethasmademesmarterinmatterssmallandlarge.Forexample，whenImwritingatextbook，ithasbeesecondnaturetocheckadozendefinitionsofakeyterm，whichhelpsmedigintothecoreandunderstanditsmeaning.Butmorethanthat，Inowregularlyparemyviewswiththoseofmanyothers.IfIhavea“newidea，”Inowquicklylooktoseewhethersomebodyelsehasalreadythoughtofit，orsomethingsimilarandIthenparewhatIthinkwithwhatothershavethought.Thiscertainlymakesmyownviewsclearer.Moreover，IcanfindoutwhethermyreactionstoaneventarereasonableenoughbyreadingaboutthoseofothersontheInternet.,TheseeffectsoftheInternethavebeeevenmorestrikingsinceIvebegunusingasmartphone.Inowregularlypulloutmyphonetocheckafact，watchavideo，readweibo.Suchactivitiesfillthespacesthatusedtobedeadtime(suchaswaitingforsomebodytoarriveforalunchmeeting).Butthatstheupside(好处).ThedownsideisthatinthosedeadperiodsIoftenwouldletmythoughtsflowandsometimeswouldhaveanunexpectedinsightoridea.Thoseopportunitiesarenowfewerandfartherbetween.,71.Internet信息查找题。根据第一段第四句“Suchsystemsdonotneedtooperateface-to-faceanditscleartomethattheInternetisexpandingtherangeofmyownsocialprostheticsystems.”可知因特网可以拓宽社会义肢系统的范围，也就是说网络可以弥补我们精神和情感上的缺陷。72.participates/joins信息转换题。根据第一段最后两句“Itsalreadyabigbankofmanyminds.Eveninitscurrentstate，theInternethasextendedmymemoryandjudgment.”可知动词短语“participate/joinin”符合句意。73.keeping信息转换题。根据第二段第一句“OnceIlookupsomethingontheInternet，Idontneedtokeepallthedetails.”可知动词短语“keep.inmind记住”，在表格中