定语从句高考考点分析归纳.doc

定语从句高考考点分析归纳 李凌云2012/6/4 一、湖北省的近几年高考考题1.(2010) My mother was so proud of all_（我所做的）that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing.(do)（考察限定性定语从句只用that的情况之一，考关系代词作宾语可省，并结合过去完成时考时态。）2.( 2010)_（正如我们强调的那样）many times, “serve the people” is our first policy.(stress)3.(2009).Learningstrategies, to_(老师们认为)importance,havenotyetdrawnenoughattentionofstudents.(attach)（考察介词+which的非限制性定语从句，并结合attach importance to 考动词短语。）4.(2008) The city_ (我成长的) is very hot and damp in summer.(grow)（考where或介词+which的限制性定语从句修饰地点名词，grow up 动词短语及不及物性，考时态一般过去时。）5(2007)Last night, John was answering the letters_ （寄给他的） during the past two weeks.（arrive）（考thatwhich在限制性定语从句作主语，关系代词作主语不可省，结合动词短语arrive for,与during the past two weeks用完成时，主句时态是was，故用过去完成时。）二、从湖北近几年高考真题可以看出高考对定语从句的考过：1、关系代词只用that的情况2、关系副词3、介词+which4、as引导非限制性定语从句，表“正如”三、结合各省市高考题及我们平时所做的定语从句，分析易考点，易错点及难点，并总结其用法，以期能帮助同学们正确运用定语从句。考点一、考查关系词的选择关系代词有_ _ _ _ _ _，关系副词有_ _ _ ，what 不能引导定语从句。正确区分关系代词（that或which)与关系副词when(表时间)、where(表地点)、why(表原因)。重点根据定语从句中所缺成分（即关系词在定语从句中作状语时，使用关系副词when (介+ which); where(介+ which); why(for which)；在定语从句中作作主语、宾语或表语时，使用that或which）来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词，绝不能因先行词是时间名词就用when，是地点名词就用where，是reason就用why来确定。因此，认准先行词只是选择关系词的一个方面，更重要的是看其在后面定语从句中充当什么句子成分。另一种方法是代入法，即将先行词代入定语从句中，说得通的用关系代词，说不通的用关系副词。例如：1Nobody knows exactly the reason except that he no longer drives his car.(sentence)无人确切知道他判刑六个月的原因，只知道他再也不开车了。 2. This was the only reason_ when asked why I had to share.(think)当被问到我为什么非要与人分享的时候，这是我能想到的唯一理由。3. The school shop, _, is closed for the holidays.（这家学校商店的顾客主要是学生，假日时不营业。）4.Some experts recommend signs and posters be put up in areas_.(allow)有些专家建议招牌和海报应该挂在不允许抽烟的地方。5.The photo brought the hours back to me in the company.（team）照片让我记起了那些时光，我和Tom一起在公司共事。 考点二、考查whose+n.及介词+whose+n6. I must owe my success to Mr. John, _ I overcame the difficulties.（help）我的成功应该归功于约翰先生。在他的帮助下，我克服了种种困难。7. The building, _ , is our dormitory.(face)那栋窗户朝南的楼房是我们的宿舍.8 .I showed an old friend of mine around our city, _ it changed greatly.( surprise)我领一位老朋友参观了我们的城市。令他吃惊的是，我们的城市发生了巨大的变化。考点三、考查as, which 引导的非限制性定语从句关系代词as引导限制性定语从句时既可指人又可指物,它只能替代由such，so, the same等修饰的先行词。as引导非限制性定语从句时，可放于句首，句中或置于句尾，而which则只能置于主句之后。但如果定语从句为否定句或表示否定意义，使用which。As引导的定性定语从句有正如之意，而which引导的表示“这，这一点”。例如：9. _, the so called professor is a cheat. (turn) 正如事实那样，那个所谓的教授是个骗子。10.Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem_. (work)上学期，我们的数学老师出了一道我们没人能解得出来的难题。11. _, she passed the driving test easily. (expect)正如我所预料的那样，她轻而易举地通过了驾照考试。12 .When surfing the Internet, we should avoid such things_. (mislead)上网时，我们应该避免接触那些会误导我们的东西。13. _, therere many demonstrations against the decision of the government in Britain. ( case) 正如美国一样，英国也有很多人在示威游行反对政府的一些做法。考点四、which 的用法介词+关系代词。先行词指物，用介词+which, 指人则用介词+whom, 且两个关系代词均不能省略，介词的选择要遵循两个原则：根据定语从句中谓语动词与先行词的搭配内容而定。 根据先行词特殊用法而定。n/pron/数词/最高级+of whom/ which。复合介词+which14Finally, we arrived at the park, _ a high tower.(stand) 最后，我们到达了公园，公园的前面有一座高塔。15. He once worked in a company, _ for a further study. (go)他曾经在一家公司工作，随后出国进修去了。16. The wrong youve done her is terrible, _ her.(make)你真的太冤枉他了。为此，你应向他道歉。17. I am thankful to him for that advice, _ all my success.(owe) 我非常感激他给我的建议，我的成功也归功于它。18. Professor Smith took up scientific research after graduation, _ all his life. ( devote)大学毕业后，史密斯教授就开始从事科研工作，并为此奋斗了一生。19. Global warming has become a serious problem, _ more attention.(pay)全球变暖已成了一个严重的问题，对此我们应该多加关注。20. We arrived at the station very late, _ a hotel, where we stayed for a night.(next)我们很晚才到达车站。车站的旁边有一个旅馆，我们在那儿住了一夜。21、The villagers are having a heated discussion about the plan, _the building of a factory at the foot of the mountain.（object）村民在热烈讨论这个计划，其中大部分反对在山脚下建厂。22. The bank refused to give the company more loans, _ it went bankrupt. ( consequence)银行拒绝给那家公司贷款，结果它破产了。考点五、特殊先行词point, case, situation, stage, scene + where; occasion+ when23. The psychological treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point _ his disability. (adapt)心理治疗将一直进行到病人能适应自己的残疾状况为止。24. The media today can draw public attention to situations_ .（need） 时下，媒体能够引起公众关注一些需要帮助的情形.25Generally, we enjoy our friends company, but there are occasions for a while.(leave)一般来说，我们喜欢有朋友陪伴我们，但有时我们希望暂时不受打扰。考点六、拆分词组和固定搭配一些词组和搭配被拆开后,句子的含义就变得难以理解。首先把拆开的词组复原是理解此类定语从句的关键。上述句子中包含以下词组:make use of, play a part (in)。26. You have no idea as to the difficulty I had _ the new environment.(fit)27. Its difficult to imagine the trouble that a single mother had_ five children.(bring) 很难想象一位单亲妈妈抚养五个孩子成长的艰辛。28. His success lies in the full use _ useful and productive things.(make) 他的成功在于他充分利用好时间去做有用的，富有成效的事。29. We should pay more attention to the role _ environmental protection. (play) 我们应更加关注科技在环保中所起的作用。30. The impression_ me was that he was no more than a reserved young man. (make)他给我留下的印象是他只不过是一个内敛的年轻人。考点七、定语从句与并列句，名词性从句，强调句，及状语从句的区别考查非限制性定语从句与并列句的区别句中的逗号标志容易误导学生把非限制性定语从句看成并列句，关键看是否有and, but 等并列连词31. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, _ uses it somewhat differently.(each)( 英语是种与多种多样文化共享的语言，每种文化使用英语多少有点不同。)32.English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, and_ uses it somewhat differently.(each)考查定语从句和强调结构的区别学生经常容易混淆“that”引导的限制性定语从句和强调结构。“that”在定语从句中充当主语、宾语或表语的成分），而在强调结构中“that”不作任何成分。33. It was April, 29, 2011_ the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.(walk)他们走入结婚典礼的王室大厅的时间是2011年4月29日）34. Was it on a lonely island_ one month after the boat went down?（save）（在翻船一月后他就在一个荒凉的岛上被救的吗？）考查定语从句与同位语从句的区别“that”引导的限制性定语从句和“that”引导的同位语从句有其相似点，故仍然是出题热点。35. When the news came_, he decided to serve in the army.(break)( 当战争爆发的消息传来的时候，他决定参军。)36. The manager was very satisfied with the suggestion that Mr Smith _ . (put)经理对史密斯先生昨天在会议上提出的建议非常满意因为定语从句和同位语从句前都有一个名词，学生容易把同位语从句误认为定语从句，把名词当作先行词。同位语从句一般放在抽象名词之后，用以说明抽象名词的具体内容，有时为了保持句子的平衡，同位语从句放在动词之后。从句句子结构完整，不缺少任何成分，对句前名词起同位语的功能。定语从句是用来修饰名词或名词短语即先行词的，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中充当一定的成分，对先行词起定语的功能。定语从句及状语从句的区别37. He is such a clever boy_. (like)他是一个每个人都喜欢的聪明男孩.38. He is such a clever boy_. （like）他是一个如此聪明的男孩以至于每个人都喜欢他定语从句及独立主格的区别39. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, _ uses it somewhat differently.(each)( 英语是种与多种多样文化共享的语言，每种文化使用英语多少有点不同。)40.English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of them using it somewhat differently.(each)四. 温馨提示一、解题时要进行必要的语法分析，弄清句子结构，分清所缺成分为主语从句还是定语从句再行答题。 温馨提示二、定语从句中谓语动词的时态及单复数 温馨提示二、定语从句中不能再重复与先行词有关的代词或副词。必须牢记定语从句中关系词已经替代先行词并且在定语从句中已经充当其成分，故不能再用相关的代词或副词。例如： 41.He made another wonderful discovery, _ to science.（significance ）（他又做出了一项了不起的发现，我认为它对于科学非常重要。）42.误： The factory where we worked there last year was built in 1968. 正： The factory where we worked last year was built in 1968.Keys.高考1(that) I had done 2 As has been stressed 3 which(the)teachersattach/haveattached 4 in which /where I grew up 5 that had arrived for him.why he was sentenced to 6 months l 2 that I can think of 3 whose customers are mainly students 4 where no smoking is allowed 5 when I teamed up with Tom6 with whose help/with the help of whom 7 whose windows /the windows of which face south 8to whose surprise 9 As it has turned out 10 as none of us could work out.11 As I had ex