高中定语从句用法归纳.ppt

定语的概念：（用来修饰名词的词）例：AbeautifulgirlanuglydogThegirlbehindthetreeisKate.Themandrivingtoofastwasdrunk.,定语从句（用一个句子来修饰名词）例：ThegirlwhoisbehindthetreeisKate.Themanwhowasdrivingtoofastwasdrunk.,定语从句的相关术语：被定语从句修饰的那个名词叫做先行词；引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。关系词的作用是代替先行词并在定语从句中充当一定的成分。ThegirlwhoissittingnearthetreeisKate.ThedoorwhichIknockedonwasrepaired.,Thebuildingisourschool.Thebuildingstandsbytheriver.,关系词与先行词的关系非常密切，关系词的使用取决于先行词，因为关系词代替先行词在定语从句中充当一定的成分，所以它在一般情况下都紧紧跟在先行词之后。,Thebuildingwhich/thatstandsbytheriverisourschool.先行词关系词定语从句,which/that是关系词，它在从句中代替先行词thebuilding,同时担任从句中的主语。,指出下列句子中的先行词，关系词，主句和从句以及关系词在从句中充当的成分并翻译下列句子。1.Ihaveasisterwho/thatworksinShanghai.2.Thewomanwhomwesawonthestreetgotthejob.3.Theplacewhichheoftenvisitsisalwaysfullofartists.4.Youretheonlypersonwhoseadvicehemightlistento.5.Istillrememberthedayswhenweworktogether.6.Icantfindtheplacewherewemetforthefirsttime.7.Isthatthereasonwhyyoudontlikehim?,定语从句常用关系词,关系代词：who,whom,whose,that,which,as等（代替先行词在句中作主、宾、定等成分）关系副词：where，when,why（在句中作状语）,关系代词的判断步骤:首先，要看先行词。如果先行词是指人,关系代词可用who,whom,that。如果先行词指物,关系代词可用which,that;不管先行词指人还是指物，在定语从句中是所有格的关系就用whose,然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表,关系代词,1.who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）,Theman(who)Italkedwithisourteacher.,Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.,2.whom指人,作宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省),Theman(whom/who)ItalkedtoisMr.Li.,ThemantowhomItalkedisMr.Li.,关系代词,3.whose是代词的所有格形式,它既可以代人也可以代物。,Pleaseshowmethebook.Itscoverisred.Pleaseshowmethebookwhosecoverisred.,Isawawoman.Herbagwasstolen.Isawawomanwhosebagwasstolen.,4.which指物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省),Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.,TheTVset(which)heboughtyesterdayismadeinJapan.,Isthisthelibrary(which)youborrowbooksfrom?,Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?,关系副词的判断步骤:还是要先看先行词。如果先行词在从句中充当时间状语用when或介词+which;充当地点状语用where或介词+which;充当原因状语用why或介词+which。Istillrememberthedayswhenweworktogether.Icantfindtheplacewherewemetforthefirsttime.Isthatthereasonwhyyoudontlikehim?,如何判断用关系代词还是关系副词,Istillrememberthedayswhenweworktogether.Istillrememberthedayswhichwespenttogether.Icantfindtheplacewherewemetforthefirsttime.IcantfindtheplacewhichyouwenttolastSunday.Isthatthereasonwhyyoudontlikehim?Isthatthereasonwhichyoutoldtoyourmum?,Jointhetwosentencesintoone,usingattributiveclause.,1.Iknowtheperson.Hiscompanyproducesnewmachines.,2.Sheistheengineer.Herworkisconsideredtobethebesthere.,3.Thegirlisstandingthere.Thegirlismyeldersister.,4.Thehouseisnearthetree.Thehousecaughtfirelastnight.,Iknowthepersonwhosecompanyproducesnewmachines.,Sheistheengineerwhoseworkisconsideredtobethebesthere.,Thegirlismyeldersister.,whoisstandingthere,Thehousecaughtfirelastnight.,whichisnearthetree,5.Thewomanworksinafactory.Youspoketoherjustnow.,6.Thisisthehouse.Iwasborninthehouse.,7.Iwillneverforgettheday.Weplayedintheparkonthatday.,8.Thisisthereason.Hedidntcometoschoolforthisreason.,Thewomanworksinafactory.,whom/whoyouspoketojustnow,Thisisthehouse,where/inwhichIwasborn.,Iwillneverforgettheday,when/onwhichweplayedinthepark.,Thisisthereason,forwhich/whyhedidntcometoschool.,1.Thepicture_youarelookingatwasdrawnbyafriendofmine.2.Whatistheword_hewantedtolookup?3.Thewriter_worksIadmiremostisLuXun.4.ThisMr.Jackson,_eldestsonisafamousdoctor.5.ProfessorLiu,_Imetamomentago,isover70.6.Thegirlontheleft,_hairisred,iscalledMartha.7.Yesterdaywewenttovisitthehousethegreatwriterusedtolive.8.HewasbornintheyeartheSecondWorldWarbrokeout.,Fillintheblankswithsuitablewords:,that/which,which/that,whose,whose,whom,whose,where/inwhich,inwhich/when,1.Isthisthefactory_makescolorTVsets?2.Isthisthefactory_colorTVsetsaremade?3.Doyouknowthemuseum_manyfamouspaintingsareonshow?4.Thisisthemuseum_opensfromMondaytoFriday.5.Illneverforgetthatmoment_thefilmstartookaphotoofme.6.Icantforgetthedays_wespenttogetherinthesmallvillagemanyyearsago.7.Healwayswantstogotohishometownandvisittheplace_hegrewup.8.Kunmingisacity_flowersareseenalltheyearround.9.Theairport_is30kilometersawayistheonlyoneinthecity.,which/that,where/inwhich,where/inwhich,which/that,when/atwhich,which/that,where/atwhich,Where/inwhich,which/that,以下情况，引导词只能用that，不用which。,1.当先行词为不定代词everything，little，much，all，anything，nothing。e.g.Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolen.2.当先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，只能用that。e.g.Thisisthebestbook(that)Iveeverread.Heisthefirstmanthatgreetedmeintheschool.,3.先行词被theonly，thevery，thelast修饰时，只能用that。e.g.HeistheonlypersonthatIwanttoseenow.YouaretheverypersonthatIamlookingfor.4.先行词同时指人和指物时，只能用that。e.g.Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthatwesawthen.5.当先行词前有all,every,no,some,any,little,much,few等词修饰时，只能用that。,2019/11/18,19,可编辑,定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。,限制性定语从句对被修饰词起到限制、修饰的作用，一般不可缺少。非限制性定语从句起补充、附带说明作用，缺少也不会影响全句的理解。,e.g.Shesaidshehadfinishedherwork,whichIdoubtedverymuch.IvegotsomepersonalaffairsthatIhavetodealwith.,限制性定语从句所修饰的词代表一个或一类特定的人或事物，该种从句是不能去掉的，否则剩下的部分就没有了意义，不能说清楚问题。eg:Heisthemanwhowantstoseeyou.该从句为限制性定语从句，把定语从句去掉只剩下Heistheman,没有任何意义。后面的定语从句是修饰和限定前面的先行词的，使其具有一定的意义，故不能去掉。,非限制性定语从句则不然，它只对所修饰的词做进一步说明和修释，使意思更加清晰明白，去掉之后主句仍然成立，仍然有意义。而且非限制性定语从句与主句之间有个明显标志：即用逗号将其隔开。eg:Mr.Smith,whowasmyfirstEnglishteacher,retiredlastweek.该句中的非限制性定语从句去掉之后不影响主句的意义成立，但有了它，可使主句的意义更加清晰明白。注意：非限制性定语从句的引导词不能用that(切记！),以下情况，关系词只能用which,不用that。引导非限制性定语从句时；引导词前有介词时；一个句子中若有两个定语从句，一个用that引导，另一个用which引导；Heboughtabookthatcouldgivehimmuchknowledgeandwhichcouldhelphimtokillthetime.注意：当those作为先行词指人时，通常只能用who引导；,由as引导定语从句,由as引导的定语从句，翻译成“正如”。其先行词是thesame,such,或被thesame,such所修饰的先行词。Manyofthesportsarethesameastheywerewhentheystarted.Theresultwasnotsuchasheexpected.,试比较：,ThisisthesameumbrellaasIlostyesterday.ThisisthesameumbrellathatIlostyesterday.,（同类）,（同一个）,as引导的非限制性定语从句可放在句首、句中、句尾，而which在引导非限制性定语从句时不能放在句首,只能放在句中和句尾。1.Asisknowntoall,TaiwanbelongstoChina.2.TaiwanbelongstoChina,whichisknowntoall.3.Theearth,asisknowntoall,isround.as引导的非限制性定语从句时常用来指代主句的全部内容，而which指代主句的全部内容或部分内容。1.IgavehimaNewYearCard,whichheenjoyedverymuch.2.Shewasmarriedagain,whichwasnotexpected.,as和which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别,介词+关系代词的用法要遵循以下原则,1.谓语动词的固定搭配e.g.Thisistheevidencewithwhichthecaseisconnected.,2.先行词e.g.IllneverforgetthedayonwhichwhenIjoinedtheparty.,3.句子表达的意思e.g.ThebossinwhosedepartmentMr.Kingworkedgotsacked.,4.在非限制性定语从句中，名词/代词+of+which/whom表示整体与部分的关系。e.g.Theworkers,someofwhomstayedforfouryears,camefromdifferentcountries.Theoldbook,thecoverofwhichwasred,belongstomyuncle.,HeisthepersonwhomIhavetotakecareof.IlovethemusicwhichImlisteningto.,1.固定搭配的情况下不能把介词提前，否则词组失去意义。,在定语从句中，在什么情况下介词不可以提前到关系代词前？,Iknowthemanwithwhomyourfatheristalking.Iknowthemanthatyourfatheristalkingwith.,2.关系代词That前面不能有介词。(但是which/who/whom可以在前面加介词),Exercises1.Thisisthejob_theylaughedat.A.whichB.asC.itD.who2.BeihaiParkisabeautifulpark_builtabout300yearsago.A.wherewasB.thatwereC.whichwasD.where3.Whowasthegrey-hairedman_atyesterdaysmeeting?A.wesawhimB.wesawC.wesawwhoD.whomwasseen4.Theman_ispaintingthehouseismyuncle.A.heB.whomC.whoseD.who5.Whatistheanimal_babyissleepinginitspocket?A.whoB.whoseC.itsD.which,A,C,B/D,D,B,6.Thisbookisforthestudents_nativelanguageisntEnglish.A.thatB.ofwhomC.whoseD.whos7.Therobbersshouted,“Handsup!Illshootanyone_moves!”A.whomB.thatC.whoD.whose8.Thedictionary_hepaid50yuanforisveryuseful.A.whichB.forwhichC.onwhichD.aboutwhich9Theboy_parentsdiedtwoyearsagoliveswithhisgrandpanow.A.whoseB.whoC.hisD