写作辅导考博英语作文模板.doc

写作辅导考博英语作文模板来源:考试365 作者:考试365 日期:2006年12月30日 访问次数: 285 （1） 不同观点列举型（选择型） There is a widespread concern over the issue that _作文题目_. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一_. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, _原因一_.Furthermore, in the second place, _原因二_. So it goes without saying that _观点一_.People,however,differintheiropinionsonthismatter.Somepeoplehold the idea that _观点二_. In their point of view, on the one hand， _原因一_. On the other hand, _原因二_. Therefore, thereis nodoubtthat _观点二_.As far as I am concerned, Ifirmlysupporttheviewthat _观点一或二_.Itis not only because _, but also because _. The more _, the more _.（2）利弊型的议论文Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)_作文题目_. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in _题目议题_. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, _优点一_. And secondly _优点二_.Just As a popular saying goes, every coin has two sides, _讨论议题_ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with, _缺点一_. In addition, _缺点二_.To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of _讨论议题_ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the _讨论议题_.（3） 答题性议论文 Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)_作文题目_ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem. As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all, _途径一_. In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is _途径二_. Above all, to solve the problem of _作文题目_, we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, _方法_. （4） 谚语警句性议论文 It is well know to us that the proverb: _谚语_ has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. It means _谚语的含义_. The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. ( also theoretically ) A case in point is _例子一_. Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb _谚语_. With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: _谚语_. The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.（5）图表作文的框架 As is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentageinthetable(graph/picture/pie/chart), _作文题目的议题_ has been on rise/ decrease (goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from_ in _ to _ in _. From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that _.Thereareatleasttwogoodreasons accounting for _. Ontheonehand, _. Ontheotherhand,_ isduetothefactthat _.Inaddition, _ isresponsiblefor _.Maybetherearesomeotherreasonstoshow _.Butitisgenerallybelievedthattheabovementionedreasonsarecommonly convincing.AsfarasIamconcerned,I hold the point of view that _. Iamsuremyopinionisbothsoundandwell-grounded.（6）实用性写作（申请信 ) Your address Month, Date, yearReceivers addressDear .,I am extremely pleased to hear from you./ to see your advertisement for the position in . And I would like to write a letter to tell you that./ I am confident that I am suitable for the kind of the job you are advertising./ I feel I am competent to meet the requirements you have listed. On the one hand, . On the other hand, . I am enclosing my resume for your kind consideration and reference.I shall be much obliged if you will offer me a precious opportunity to an interview. I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience/ I am looking forward to your replies at your earliest convenience.Best regards for your health and success.2005年中央党校博士研究生入学英语考试试卷来源:考试365 作者:考试365 日期:2010年01月18日 访问次数: 139 笔试部分：（注意：请继续使用机读卡答题）II. Vocabulary and Structure (15 points)Directions: There are 15 incomplete sentences in this part, For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentences. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet A.21. The advertising industry has resorted to self-regulation in a serious effort to not only bad taste but also misrepresentation and deception in copy and illustrations.A. abbreviate B. abrogate C. curtail D. discern22. If the check does not cover the full amount of your medical expense, mail the Medicare Explanation of Benefits (MEOB) to your carrier in order to receive for the balance of your expense.A. endowment B. indorse C. reciprocation D. reimbursement23. For some of the more powerful states, these inter-governmental bureaucracies are also welcome to the authority of the sated, so that a very real symbiosis exists between the national bureaucracy and the international one.A. adjacency B. adjustments C. adjournment D. adjuncts24. As soon as she saw him enter the room she him and insisted that he join her for dinner.A. bore down B. bore down on C. bore out D. bore up25. There have been a few powerful political organizations that have operated not just One country but national borders.A. in in B. in at C. within across D. out ofin26. Even though the Italian authorities may no longer any old bank that gets into trouble, the likelihood of government support for big banks has not changed enough to affect its ratings.A. bail out B. hang up C. knock over D. lash out27. Politics is to include all activities others are persuaded or coerced to collaborate in the achievement of aims designated and desired by another.A. by which B. at which C. in which D. of which28. the structural imbalances in the budget, and also in the economy the Administration has given its support to a constitutional amendment.A. To relinquish B. To remedy C. Redressing for D. Compensating to29. Reasoning powers can deteriorate; people may begin to think irrationally; they may begin to feel that others are slyly poking fun at them, or being .A. condescending or patronizing B. condescended or patronized C. condescend and patronizing D. condescended and patronized30. Men ambition is the leading passion are likely to love women who assist them in their career, and it would be very shallow psychology to suppose that the love is not real because it has its instinctive root in self-interest.A. of whom B. in whose C. in whom D. with whom31. This involves not only the introduction of new practices into a system, but their consolidation and continuation after the first enthusiastic impulse has .A. worn away B. worn down C. worn off D. worn out32. Although her research topic had been approved by her thesis advisor, the library persisted The documents.A. in its denial for access on B. in denying her access to C. to deny her access to D. with denying her access for 33. Clearly, “getting prices right” and the “free” and “unhindered” flow of goods and services within and between countries are proving to be more difficult than .A. were once anticipated B. are once anticipatedC. was once anticipated D. is once anticipated34. Although there was not a deliberate effort to discriminate sex, it was clear that the opportunities for girls to take CDT or for boys to take home economics were severely limited by the way the curriculum was organized.A. to B. from C. in favor of D. on the grounds of 35. The diffusion of power among so many governments, and from them to non-state authorities makes it more difficult for policy-makers to take .A. the long, more social and economical enlightened viewB. the long, more socially and economically enlightened viewC. the long, more social and economical enlightening viewD. the long, more socially and economically enlightening view. Cloze (10 points)Directions: For each of the blanks, there are four choices given marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best fits the blank and mark your choice by blackening the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet A. Impatience characterizes young intellectual worker. They want to make their mark fast. So its important to 36 them in a challenging manner the idea 37 big achievements rarely come easily and quickly. Point out that the little successes are 38 . Show that they 39 become the foundation on which reputations are built and 40 more important tasks can be accomplished. A variety of job assignments, including job or project rotation, also keep a job from becoming dull. 41 its natural for some individuals to want to move ahead immediately to more difficult assignments, 42 proper guidance they can continue to learn and to gain 43 by working on a number of jobs that are essentially 44 . This way they gain breadth, if 45 . Probably the greatest offense to 46 when dealing with younger specialists is to reject ideas 47 . You must listen-and listen objectively-to their suggestions. Avoid 48 overcritical. You want to nurture an inquiring mind with a fresh approach. Youll 49 quickly if you revert 50 “Weve tried that before and it wont work here.” One sure way to 51 young college graduates is flagrantly misusing their talents. Expect them to do some routine work, of course. But dont make their daily work just one long series of errands. This includes such break-in assignments 52 performing routine calculations, digging up reference material, and operating reproduction equipment. One large manufacturing company recently interviewed a number of promising engineers who 53 them. The company found that the overwhelming complaint was that the company 54 did not offer work that was challenging but also expected 55 little from them in the way of performance.36. A. get down to B. get across to C. get at D. get into37. A. to which B. what C. that D. how38. A. valueless B. unimportant C. rare D. essential39. A. in turn B. in future C. on time D. at present40. A. on which B. from which C. in which D. for that41. A. Whereas B. When C. Because D. But42. A. for B. on C. under D. in43. A. reputation B. importance C. versatility D. knowledge44. A. of the same quality B. of the same complexityC. the same D. different45. A. the same width B. not length C. the same height D. not depth46. A. guard B. guard at C. guard against D. guard on47. A. out of hand B. at hand C. in hand D. on hand48. A. to B. being C. too D. 49. A. frustrate B. frustrate it C. be frustrate D. be frustrated50. A. that B. often that C. too often that D. too often to51. A. disenchant B. enchant C. fascinate D. detract52. A. such as B. as for C. e.g. D. as53. A. would have left B. have left C. had left D. will leave54. A. B. only C. either D. not only55. A. much B. far too C. a D. more. Reading Comprehension (30 points)Section ADirections: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Your should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet A.Passage 1 A famous Native American proverb tells us “We should not judge another person until we have walked two moons in his moccasins.” Our next suggestion for improvement is about “wearing those moccasins.” That is, we need to develop empathy-be able to see things from the point of view of others. Many researchers in the area of interpersonal and intercultural competence believe that our success as communicators depends, to a large extent, on our “skill at establishing and maintaining desired identities for both self and others.” “Identities” are actually the pictures of ourselves and the other person that we hold in our heads. We use these pictures I two ways. First, our identities help us to define the messages we receive from others; and second, they assist us in selecting the most appropriate message to send to another person. We have already discussed knowing ourselves; our focus now is on our need to develop empathy (emotional identification) and role-taking (cognitive adaptation) competence so that we can better know and adjust to the other person. Before we begin our discussion of empathy and role taking, we need to restate two important ideas. First, as with so much of our counsel, we are again faced with a skill that is easier to talk about than to put into practice. The fact remains that however similar we may appear to be, there is something distinctive and unique about each of us. Our internal states are elusive and fleeting, and we know them only as distorted shadows. Knowing the other person, and predicting his or her reactions and needs, is a difficult and troublesome activity. And when we add the dimension of culture, we compound the problem. Second, although we have focused primarily on culture, we also are concerned with the “interpersonal aspects” of intercultural communication. Perhaps the interpersonal dimension of communication is most evident in the area of empathy. As Miller and Steinberg noted, “To communicate interpersonally, one must heave the cultural and sociological levels of predications and psychically travel to the psychological level.” Simply put, empathy, while using knowledge about anothers culture to make predications, also demands that the point of analysis be the individual personality. A number of behaviors can keep us from understanding the feelings, thoughts, and motives of another person-regardless of his or her culture. Before we look at some of the ways to improve our role-taking skills, it might be helpful to examine a few characteristics that can impede empathy.56. What would be the most appropriate title for the passage?A. Develop EmpathyB. Importance of EmpathyC. Importance of IdentitiesD. Relationship between Interpersonal Competence and Intercultural Communication57. Why do we need to develop empathy according to the passage?A. In order to have a better self identificationB. In order to improve our role-taking skillsC. In order to make better predicationsD. In order to understand better and adapt ourselves to the other person58. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. In order to communicate successfully, we should learn to see things from the point of view of others.B. To establish identities for both self and others is easier said than done.C. Its easier to understand another culture than to know the other person and predict his or her reactions and needs.D. The individual personality is an important factor in the area of empathy.59. In line 5 in the second paragraph, the word “elusive” could be replaced by “_” .A. distracting and diverseB. hard to comprehend or identifyC. hard to controlD. tending to disappear60. A paragraph following the passage would most probably discuss _ .A. Establishing and Maintaining Desired IdentitiesB. How to Improve Role Taking SkillsC. Hindrances to EmpathyD. Improving EmpathyPassage 2 The conflict between good and evil is a common theme running through the great literature and drama of the world, from the time of the ancient Greeks to all the present. The principle that conflict is the heart of dramatic action when illustrated by concrete examples, almost always turns up some aspects of the struggle between good and evil. The idea that there is neither good nor evil in any absolute moral or religious sense is widespread in our times. There are various relativistic and behavioristic standards of ethics. If these standards even admit the dis