高中英语：Module3ViolenceofNaturePeriod3Grammar语法专题课情景互动课课件外研版必修.ppt

Module 3 The Violence of Nature Grammar,1. Let students go over the Past Perfect Tense. 2. Let students go over the Indirect Speech. 3. Use them to express yourself freely.,Learning aims,The past perfect passive,Leading-in,观察句子： 1. By the end of last month, the work had been finished. 2. My computer had been all right till last Monday. 3. Before father came back, the kids had already gone to bed. 4. The students of Class 1 were very happy because they had won the basketball match. 5. The boy was reminded that his homework had not been handed in. 6.They left after the door had been locked.,注意时态、语态和时间状语,now,past,future,过去完成,现在完成,过去完成时必须要有一个过去的时间点作参照，表明一个动作或状态持续到过去的某一时间点结束或还要持续下去；反之亦然，如果给了一个过去完成时，则一定还会有一个一般过去时的动作或状态与之对照。,当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式为主动语态。 当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语的形式为被动语态。 当句子的主语为动作的承受者，并且该动作发生在过去的某个时间以前（过去的过去）时，便被称为过去完成时的被动语态。谓语动词形式为“had been过去分词”。,过去完成时的被动语态,Choose the correct tense and voice to complete each sentence.,1. After the hurricane, Mary _ (see) that the roof of her house _ (disappear). 2. She _ (return) home and _ (find) all her furniture _ (ruin) by the flood. 3. Arthur was surprised when he _ (arrive) home because the tornado _ (take) the feathers off his chickens.,saw,had disappeared,returned,found,had been ruined,arrived,had taken,4. We _ (leave) the house when the thunderstorm _ (finish). 5. He _ (try) to drive back to his home before the flood _(pass) through the village.,left,had finished,had tried,passed,Complete these sentences with the verbs from the box. Use the past perfect passive, if necessary.,After the earthquake, they discovered that several people _. 2. When the hurricane ended, several buildings in the town _. 3. His village _ in the heavy rain, so he moved to his parents house.,had been killed,had been destroyed,had been flooded,destroy die fall flood kill,4. When she woke up, she found that her house _ by the thunderstorm. 5. Arthur was unhappy because some of his animals _.,had died,had been fallen,destroy die fall flood kill,Indirect speech,He says, “I leave my book in your room.” He said that he left his book in my room. 直接引语： 直接引述别人的原话。 间接引语： 用自己的话转述别人的话。 间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句 直接引语一般要加引号，间接引语不用加引号。,直接引语变间接引语,直接引语和间接引语可分为三大类： (1) 陈述句 (2) 祈使句 (3) 疑问句（一般疑问句、特殊疑问句） 一、陈述句 陈述句的直接引语变间接引语时，用连词that引导（that 在口语中常可省略）。 He said ,“I left my book in your room.” He said that he had left his book in my room.,二、祈使句 直接引语为祈使句时，间接引语用不定式，主句动词根据句子意义，可用ask, want, tell, order, advise等词代替，构成ask/want/tell/order/advise sb. (not) to do sth.。 1. The teacher said to the student, “Dont be late again.” The teacher told the student not to be late again. 2. “Wake him up,” she said to me. She told me to wake him up.,三、疑问句 直接引语为一般疑问句、反意疑问句或选择疑问句时，间接引语可以改成以if / whether + 陈述句的形式。主句中的谓语动词为said时改为asked，没有间接宾语可以加一个间接宾语（如me、him等）。 1.The teacher asked me, “ Do you like English?” The teacher asked me if I liked English.,2. He asked, “Youve already finished your homework, havent you?” He asked if/whether we had already finished our homework. 3. He asked me, “Do you want to stay at a hotel or at my home?” He asked me whether I wanted to stay at a hotel or at his home.,四、特殊疑问句 直接引语为特殊疑问句时，可以保留疑问词，后跟陈述句。 1. He asked me, “Where are you going?” He asked me where I was going. 2. She asked him, “Whom do you want to see?” She asked him whom he wanted to see.,在学习直接引语和间接引语的过程中，应注意三个问题： 1）选用正确引导词 2）语序（陈述句语序） 3）人称、时态、指示词等的变化 直接引语变间接引语时，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要做相应的变化。,【点津】,人称的变化:一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新,一 随 主,二随宾,第三 人称 不更 新,引号内的第一人 称变间接引语后与主句主语的人称保持一致,引号内的第二人称变间接引语后与主句宾语的人称保持一致,引号内的第三人称在变间接引语后人称不变,She said,“ I like tennis.”,She said that she liked tennis.,He said to Lily, “ You must get up early.”,He told Lily that she must get up early.,She said to me , “ They want to help him.”,She told me that they wanted to help him.,时态的变化,He says, I will do it tomorrow.” He says that he will do it tomorrow. 如果主句的谓语动词是现在时，直接引语变成间接引语时，从句的时态无需变化。 如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变成间接引语时，从句的时态要做出相应的改变。 Betty said, “Ill be waiting for your call.” Betty said that she would be waiting for my call.,一般现在时,一般过去时,现在进行时,过去进行时,现在完成时,过去完成时,一般过去时,过去完成时,过去完成时,不变,一般将来时,过去将来时,当主句谓语动词是一般过去时，从句的谓语动词的时态变化如下：,直接引语变间接引语时，句中的情态动词也应做相应的改变。,could,might,should/would,didnt have to,must,ought to,指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化。,时间状语:,【点津】 直接引语变为间接引语时，在下列情况下时态不变。 (1) 直接引语若表示的是客观事实或真理时，变间接引语时时态不变。 (2) 当引语中的时间状语表示过去某一具体时间时，谓语动词时态不需改变。 (3) 如果直接引语要变为间接引语，转述的是发生在当天当地的事，那么直接引语中的 come，here，tomorrow，this morning，today，yesterday 等不必改变。,(1) He asked, “Which star is the biggest?”(真理) He asked which star is the biggest. (2) “Another new hospital had been built when I went back to my hometown last year. ” he said. He said that another new hospital had been built when he came back to his hometown the year before. (3) Li Ming said, “I was born in 1946 and joined the army in 1966.” Li Ming said that he was born in1946 and joined the army in 1966.,1. “Please close the window,” he said to me. _ 2. “I am a teacher,” Jack said. _,【即学即练】 句型转换（直接引语变为间接引语）,He asked me to close the window.,Jack said he was a teacher.,Language points ruin v.毁灭, 毁坏, 破产 ；n.毁灭, 废墟(要用复数), 崩溃 She returned home and found all her furniture had been ruined by the flood. 她回到家发现所有的家具被洪水毁坏了。 We saw the ruins of the church. 我们看见了这座教堂的废墟。 The rain ruined my painting. 这场雨把我的画给毁了。,【辨析】 damage, destroy, ruin 破坏、毁坏 damage n.& v. 价值、用途降低或外表损坏等,不一定全部破坏, 损坏了还可以修复。 The heavy rain damaged many houses. destroy 彻底毁坏,使之不复存在或无法修复。 That town was destroyed in a big fire. ruin n.& v.彻底破坏,表示毁坏某种好的或有用的东西,使其失去有用的价值。 The fire ruined the books in the library. in ruins 成为废墟，严重破坏,改错： 1. On hearing the news that her lost daughter had found the excited mother burst out tears. been 2. George and Lucy get married last week. Did you got go to the wedding? No, I hadnt be