定语从句关系代词讲解.ppt

定语从句,The Attributive Clause,先来看几个相关术语 1.定语 2.定语从句 3.先行词 4.关系词,1.定语：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用的表示。,a clever boy The boiling water Fallen leaves The man who you are looking for,2.定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句。,Do you know the man who came to see Xiao Yang this morning?,What is the function of the underlined part?,Tom is a handsome boy. The little boy needs a blue pen. The boy in the classroom needs a pen. The pen bought by her is made in China. The man standing there is my teacher. The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday.,单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。 短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。,定语从句：一个句子充当定语,3.先行词：,4.关系词：,关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose, as 关系副词where, when, why等。,关系词常有3个作用：,1，引导定语从句。 2，代替先行词。 3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。,被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词；,引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。,The boy who is reading needs the pen.,先行词,关系词,定语从句,先行词：被修饰限定的词,关系词：引导定语从句的词,定语从句：一个句子充当定语,God helps those who help themselves. He who laughs last laughs best. Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it.,自助者天助。,谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。,世上无难事，只怕有心人。,Guess the meaning of the following proverbs,All that glitters(闪光) is not gold. He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.,闪闪发光的不一定是金子.,不到长城非好汉 .,Some sentences with attributive clause in the text,1.Then, later that afternoon, another big quake _ _shook Tangshan. 2.The army organized teams to dig out those_ and to bury the dead .,which was almost as strong as the first one,who were trapped,But the people in the city, _ _ went to sleep as usual that night.,It was heard in Beijing, _,who thought little of these events,which is more than 200 kilometers away.,A huge crack _ _ cut across houses, roads and canals.,The number of people _ _ reached more than 400,000.,that was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide,who were killed or injured,Description,He is a Chinese. He plays an important part in NBA. He was born in Shanghai. Shanghai is an international city. He is a good man. People all like him. People are proud of him. He is a famous basketball player. His wife is Ye Li. He loves basketball. He plays basketball very well.,He is a Chinese. He plays an important part in NBA.,He is a Chinese who/ that plays an important part in NBA.,变为定语从句,He was born in Shanghai. Shanghai is an international city.,He was born in Shanghai which / that is an international city.,summary,主语,人,物,who/that,which/that,Those who are against the plan put up your hands. The man who is next to us sells vegetable.,Tom is one of the students who praised by the teacher yesterday. Tom is the only one of the students who praised by the teacher yesterday.,关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和 数必须与先行词保持一致。,were,was,He is a good man. People all like him. People are proud of him.,He is a good man whom/ that people are proud of.,He is a good man whom / that people all like.,He is a good man of whom people are proud.,Or:,He loves basketball. He plays basketball very well.,He loves basketball which/that he plays very well.,summary,宾语,人,物,whom/that/ who/省略,which/that/ 省略,He is a famous basketball player. His wife is Ye Li.,He is a famous basketball player whose wife is Ye Li.,He has a wife. Her name is Ye Li.,He has a wife whose name is Ye Li.,The room is mine. The rooms window faces south,The room whose window faces south is mine.,summary,定语,人,物,whose,whose,关系代词的用法,关系代词在从句中可以：,whom,who,which,that,whose,何时可以省略？,做宾语时可以省略,从括号中选择正确的关系代词完成句子,1.The season _ follows spring is summer. (that / who / 不填) 2. This is the museum we visited last Saturday. (that / whom / 不填) 3. The boy John is speaking with is my brother. (which / whom/ 不填) 4. The building _ walls are white is my uncles house. (which / whose / 不填),练习巩固,that,that / 不填,whom/ 不填,whose,5. Will you please lend me the book _ you bought yesterday? (which / that / whose) 6. The girl _ leg was broken in the earthquake was taken to hospital. (who / whom / whose) 7. The student _ the teacher praise at the class meeting is our monitor. (which / whom / whose) 8. I found some photos of tourist sites _ were not far away from our city. (which / that /不填 ),which / that,whose,whom,which / that,看图填句,The man _ is Liuxiang.,who ran fastest,Liuxiang is the man _.,who ran fastest,a boy， has a scar， forehead,Harry Porter is a boy _ _.,who/that has a scar on his forehead,xinji is a city _ _.,Xinji,a city,develop fast,which /that develops fast,基础练习,1. Is that the house _ you bought last year? A. where B. which 2. Is that the picture _ you are laughing at? A. which B.where 3. It is the most interesting book _Ill ever read. A. which B. that,B,B,A,4.The street _is to the park is very narrow. A. where B. which 5.The person _finds my watch will get a reward. A. who B. when 6.This is the room _ we listened to the lecture. A. which B. where,B,A,B,7.The boy _mother is ill can not come to the party. A. who B. whose 8.Tell me the reason _ you are late. A. which B. why,B,B,翻译 1.他指给我看他丢钱包的地方。 2.我不认识那个和你说话的女孩。 3.她是一个叫玛丽的女孩。,He showed me the place where he lost his wallet.,I dont know the girl whom/that you speak to.,She is a girl who is called Mary.,4.那些正在打网球的男孩是我的朋友。 Those boys who are playing tennis are my friends.,关系代词that和which在很多情况下可以互换，但哪些情况只能用that?,考点一,只用that，不用which,1.all, little, much, few, none, everything, nothing, something, anything 等不定代词作先行词或者先行词被其所修饰时； All that can be done has been done. 2. 序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时； This is the best TV that is made in China. 3. 先行词前有the only, the very, the same, the right等修饰时； 4.先行词既有人也有物 5.主句以which, who, what开头的疑问句.Who that you have ever seen can do it better ?,有哪些情况关系代词不用that，而用which，who，whom?,考点二,只用which，不用that,有机器的房间是车间。,The room _ there is a machine is a workshop. The room _ there is a machine in is a workshop.,in which,(which/ that),一、非限制性定语从句,二、用在介词后,I have lost the pen, _ I like very much.,which,1、在非限制性定语从句中，指事物用which，指人用who或whom.,He made the same mistakes again ,_ made his parents very angry. Yesterday I bought a dictionary,_ cost me more than 100 yuan . Mr Smith,_ gave a talk several months ago,will come again. My uncle has come back from abroad,_ I havent met for a long time.,which,which,who,whom,Fill in the blanks,1.Her bag ,in which she put all her money, has been stolen. 2.This is the ring on which she spent 1000 dollars. 3.Xiao Wang ,with whom I went to the concert, enjoyed himself very much.,2、在介词后面，指事物用 which，指人用whom.,(3) whose引导的定语从句注意点,whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。 whose与它所修饰的名词一起可以作介词的宾语。如： The boss in whose department he worked had heard the news.他工作所在部门的老板已经听说了这个消息。,whose的先行词指物时，可用of which代替，但语序不同，即whose+名词 = the+名词+of which，或= of which + the + 名词。如： The novel whose title (= the title of which或of which the title) is Red and Black is very interesting., whose引导的定语从句，其先行词既可以指人也可以指物。,whose的先行词指人时，可用of whom代替，但语序不同，即whose+名词 = the+名词+of whom，或= of whom + the + 名词。如： The boy whose mother (= the mother of whom或of whom the mother) is a doctor is my friend.,The scientist who we met yesterday is very famous whom in the world. that ,(2) The dress is new. She is wearing it.,The dress which she is wearing is new. that ,(1) The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday.,巩固练习：1. 用定语从句合并句子,(3) He is the kind person. I have ever worked with him.,(4) This is the best film. I have ever seen this film.,He is the kind person who I have ever worked with. whom that ,This is the best film that I have ever seen. ,四. 介词+which/ whom引导的定语从句,1. 介词的选用原则：,根据定语从句谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定。 This is the book on which I spent 8 dollars. This is the book for which I paid 8 dollars.,(2) 根据先行词的习惯搭配来决定。,I remember the day on which I joined the Party. I remember the days during which I lived there.,2. 当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词只能用whom(指人)或which(指物)，且关系代词不能省略。,The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbor. I cant find the pen with which I was writing .,3. 当介词位于定语从句末尾时，可用 which/that(指物), who/whom/that(指人)作从句中介词的宾语.而且作介词宾语的关系代词可以省略。,(whom/who/that),(which/that),Dad is a person_ I can easily talk to.,Is this the play _ you were talking about just now?,4. 在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。如：,This is the watch (that/ which) I am looking for. The babies (who/ whom/ that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy.,5. 先行词是the way，意为“方式，方法”时，引导定语从句的关系词用that/ in which或省略。,I didnt like the way _ she talked t